Empfehlungen zu Ernährung und Bewegung von Kleinkindern

Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde -     

Säuglingsernährung und Ernährung der stillenden Mutter

The German network“Healthy Start – Young Families’ Network” (Gesund ins Leben – Netzwerk Junge Familie), was set up to form a basis for an effective, nationwide communication network between actors, institutions and media wishing to accompany and support parents through pregnancy and birth. The recommendations of various relevant professional organisations and institutions have been compiled, discussed among the members of the scientific advisory board and formulated into standardized key messages (recommendations for action). These recommendations will be passed on to young families on the one hand in the form of application-oriented messages for everyday life, and on the other as an integral part of disseminator training in the form of background information. They include key messages on breastfeeding, infant formula, baby foods, drinks (complementary fluids intake), nutritional supplements, nutrition for breastfeeding mothers, stimulants while breastfeeding, medication and food supplements while breastfeeding, as well as advice on non-nutrition- and non-smoking-related allergies in children.     

Evaluation of the lag sign tests for external rotator function of the shoulder

Rotator cuff lesions pose a serious clinical challenge. The objective of this study was to verify the biomechanical basis for the lag sign clinical tests for rotator cuff dysfunction. The lag sign tests were simulated in vitro by a sensor-guided robotic simulator configured to reproduce in vivo testing conditions. The ability of the test to isolate supraspinatus and/or infraspinatus dysfunction was investigated from 20 degrees to 90 degrees of scapular plane arm elevation. The test was 100% sensitive for lack of all infraspinatus-teres minor force at all elevations tested (6/6 specimens at 20 degrees, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees elevation; 5/5 at 90 degrees elevation). The test was less sensitive to complete loss of supraspinatus force (1/6 specimens testing positive at 20 degrees, 0/6 at 30 degrees, 3/6 at 60 degrees, and 3/5 at 90 degrees elevation). The results of this biomechanical study suggest the lag sign tests to be highly sensitive only for infraspinatus-teres minor muscle dysfunction.     

Säuglingsernährung und Ernährung der stillenden Mutter

Network

The network Healthy Start – Young Family Network is a project from IN FORM – German national initiative to promote healthy diets and physical activity. In this nationwide network medical and scientific societies, professional organizations, and professionally oriented institutions combined together to accompany and support parents through pregnancy and birth by providing information on nutrition and allergy prevention.

Recommendations

The recommendations of various relevant professional organizations and institutions were compiled, discussed among the members of scientific advisory board of the network and formulated into standardized key messages (recommendations for actions). These recommendations were distributed to young families in the form of application-oriented messages for everyday life and as an integral part of disseminator training in the form of background information. They include key messages on breastfeeding, infant formula, baby foods, drinks (complementary fluids intake), nutritional supplements, nutrition for breastfeeding mothers, stimulants while breastfeeding, medication and food supplements while breastfeeding as well as advice on non-nutrition and non-smoking related allergies in children.     

Ernährung und Bewegung von Säuglingen und stillenden Frauen

Network

“Healthy Start – Young Family Network” is a component of “IN FORM – Germany’s national initiative to promote healthy diets and physical activity” of the German government and is funded by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture. In this nationwide network specialist medical and scientific societies, professional associations and specialized institutions have joined forces in order to accompany and support parents in all aspects surrounding birth, with information on nutrition, physical activity and allergy prevention.

Recommendations

The recommendations for action on infant nutrition and nutrition of breastfeeding mothers, which first appeared in 2010 were discussed, revised and a consensus was formulated based on current recommendations of relevant specialist organizations and institutions as well as pertinent scientific publications from members of the scientific advisory committee of the network. These recommendations are to be passed on to young families as practical, routine daily advice and also utilized in the extended training of propagators, supplemented by additional information. The recommendations encompass the topics of breastfeeding, infant formulas, complementary food, beverages (supplementary fluid intake), learning to eat, diet of breastfeeding women, nutritional supplements for infants and breastfeeding mothers as well as alcohol, smoking and medication during the lactation period. Furthermore, also included are general recommendations on allergy prevention in children and recommendations on physical activity in infancy and for breastfeeding mothers.

     

Medially based anterior capsular shift of the glenohumeral joint. Passive range of motion and posterior capsular strain

The effect of a medially based anterior capsular shift on translational and rotational range of motion and posterior capsular strain was investigated in an in vitro model. Six cadaveric shoulders were tested in a robot-assisted shoulder simulator. Translational and rotational range of motion were reduced by the capsular shift, particularly with the shoulder at higher elevation angles. At 60 degrees of elevation, anterior translation was decreased 1.9 +/- 2.9 mm, and posterior translation was decreased 2.3 +/- 6.2 mm. External rotation was decreased 11.5 degrees +/- 10.2 degrees, and internal rotation was decreased 8.9 degrees + 5.7 degrees. Posterior capsular strain change was dependent on elevation angle. At 30 degrees of elevation, strain tended to increase 5.0% +/- 7.3% in the inferior aspect and 2.9% +/- 2.6% in the superior aspect, with no change detected in the medial aspect. At 60 degrees of elevation, strain increased 6.6% +/- 8.0%, 3.2% +/- 2.6%, and 4.4% +/- 3.5% in the inferior, middle, and superior aspects, respectively. Our results support the use of the medially based anterior shift for shoulders with anterior-inferior instability or multidirectional instability with posterior involvement.     

Untersuchungen über die Ursache der Staublungenerkrankungen im Bereich des Mansfelder Kupferschieferbergbaus

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Fear of crime in old age: precautious behaviour and its relation to situational fear

This study aimed to provide further insight into the question of why older adults show a higher precautionary behaviour regarding crime (behavioural fear), although they do not estimate their victimisation risk as higher than young adults and they do not experience fear more often. In two cross-sectional studies, the hypothesis was tested that the age-related increase in precautionary behaviour is an expression of higher dispositional fear with age. The vignette technique was employed to induce situational fear of crime across various situations as a proxy for dispositional fear. In contrast to the hypothesis, in Study 1 (young: 18–30 years, N = 179 vs. middle-aged: 50–64 years, N = 106), only younger adults reported higher situational fear in two vignettes. In Study 2 (young: 18–30 years, N = 129 vs. young-old: 65–84 years, N = 114), younger adults indicated higher situational fear again; however, young-old adults reported higher situational fear in other vignettes. The findings suggest that there is no general increase in the intensity of situational fear of crime with age and thus no age-related change in dispositional fear. Moreover, situational fear did not serve as mediator in the relationship between age and precautionary behaviour. Alternative accounts for the increase in behavioural fear of crime are discussed as well as emotion regulation mechanisms in response to the induction method.