单侧液压脑损伤对大鼠双侧海马GFAP表达和CA1区突触传递的影响

目的研究单侧液压脑损伤(FPI)对大鼠双侧海马区胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达和CA1区突触传递的影响。方法建立大鼠单侧液压脑损伤模型,脑标本分为对照组(包括正常对照和假手术对照)、FPI损伤同侧组和FPI损伤对侧组。免疫组化法检测海马水平切片GFAP表达,对海马CA1区锥体神经元进行细胞内记录。结果FPI大鼠双侧海马齿状回门区和CA1区GFAP表达均比对照组明显增强。FPI损伤同侧组兴奋性输入-输出关系曲线的斜率比其他两组显著增大(P<0.05);FPI损伤同侧组和对侧组双脉冲易化(PPF)比值和抑制性突触后电位(IPSP)幅值均比对照组显著减小(P<0.05);FPI损伤同侧组和对侧组双脉冲抑制(PPD)比值均比对照组显著增大(P<0.05)。结论大鼠单侧液压脑损伤对双侧海马均可产生影响,导致双侧海马CA1区兴奋性突触传递增强,抑制性突触传递减弱。     

The effect of outdoor fungal spore concentrations on daily asthma severity.

The relationship between day-to-day changes in asthma severity and combined exposures to community air pollutants and aeroallergens remains to be clearly defined. We examined the effects of outdoor air pollutants, fungi, and pollen on asthma. Twenty-two asthmatics ages 9-46 years were followed for 8 weeks (9 May-3 July 1994) in a semirural Southern California community around the air inversion base elevation (1,200 ft). Daily diary responses included asthma symptom severity (6 levels), morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR), and as-needed beta-agonist inhaler use. Exposures included 24-hr outdoor concentrations of fungi, pollen, and particulate matter with a diameter < 10 microns (PM10; maximum = 51 micrograms/m3) and 12-hour day-time personal ozone (O3) measurements (90th percentile = 38 ppb). Random effects longitudinal regression models controlled for autocorrelation and weather. Higher temperatures were strongly protective, probably due to air conditioning use and diminished indoor allergens during hot, dry periods. Controlling for weather, total fungal spore concentrations were associated with all outcomes: per minimum to 90th percentile increase of nearly 4,000 spores/m3, asthma symptom scores increased 0.36 (95% CI, 0.16-0.56), inhaler use increased 0.33 puffs (95% CI, -0.02-0.69), and evening PEFR decreased 12.1 l/min (95% CI, -1.8-22.3). These associations were greatly enhanced by examining certain fungal types (e.g., Alternaria, basidiospores, and hyphal fragments) and stratifying on 16 asthmatics allergic to tested deuteromycete fungi. There were no significant associations to low levels of pollen or O3, but inhaler use was associated with PM10 (0.15 inhaler puffs/10 micrograms/m3; p < 0.02). These findings suggest that exposure to fungal spores can adversely effect the daily respiratory status of some asthmatics.     

L-694,247: a potent 5-HT1D receptor agonist.

1. The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor binding selectivity profile of a novel, potent 5-HT1D receptor agonist, L-694,247 (2-[5-[3-(4-methylsulphonylamino)benzyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl ]- 1H-indole-3-yl]ethylamine) was assessed and compared with that of the 5-HT1-like receptor agonist, sumatriptan. 2. L-694,247 had an affinity (pIC50) of 10.03 at the 5-HT1D binding site and 9.08 at the 5-HT1B binding site (sumatriptan: pIC50 values 8.22 and 5.94 respectively). L-694,247 retained good selectivity with respect to the 5-HT1A binding site (pIC50 = 8.64), the 5-HT1C binding site (6.42), the 5-HT2 binding site (6.50) and the 5-HT1E binding site (5.66). The pIC50 values for sumatriptan at these radioligand binding sites were 6.14, 5.0, < 5.0 and 5.64 respectively. Both L-694,247 and sumatriptan were essentially inactive at the 5-HT3 recognition site. 3. L-694,247, like sumatriptan, displayed a similar efficacy to 5-HT in inhibiting forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase in guinea-pig substantia nigra although L-694,247 (pEC50 = 9.1) was more potent than sumatriptan (6.2) in this 5-HT1D receptor mediated functional response. L-694,247 (pEC50 = 9.4) was also more potent than sumatriptan (6.5) in a second 5-HT1D receptor mediated functional response, the inhibition of K(+)-evoked [3H]-5-HT release from guinea-pig frontal cortex slices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

运用人力资源管理策略 改革病房护理管理

从发展成功管理的共同文化,创建优质服务病房;建立有效的护理人力资源管理支持系统,创建适合于专业护理的工作环境,确保护理质量;以病人为中心,以病人满意度作为衡量护理工作优劣的标准三个方面介绍了乐山市人民医院运用护理人力资源管理策略,改革病房护理管理,创建优质服务病房的实践经验及其效果。     

论现代医院技术创新

创新是医院发展主题,本文采用综合分析、收集资料、对比方法,对技术创新内容、技术创新原则、技术创新趋势进行了较详细的分析研究.     

不同类型西洋参花、叶的电镜比较观察

采用扫描电镜对单、双茎西洋参的花粉、叶进行了观察,证明两者在花粉壁的雕纹、叶表皮角质沉积纹理的超微结构上存在着明显的差异。     

Calcium Concentration-dependent Mechanisms through which Ketamine Relaxes Canine Airway Smooth Muscle

Background: Ketamine is a potent bronchodilator that, in clinically used concentrations, relaxes airway smooth muscle in part by a direct effect. This study explored the role of calcium concentration (Ca2+) in this relaxation.

Methods: Canine trachea smooth muscle strips were loaded with the fluorescent probe fura-2 and mounted in a spectrophotometric system to measure force and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) simultaneously. Calcium influx was estimated using a manganese quenching technique. Cyclic nucleotides in the airway smooth muscle strips were measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results: In smooth muscle strips stimulated with submaximal (0.1 micro Meter) and maximal (10 micro Meter) concentrations of acetylcholine, ketamine caused a concentration-dependent decrease in force and [Ca2+]i. The sensitivity of the force response to ketamine significantly decreased as the intensity of muscarinic receptor stimulation increased; the median effective concentration for relaxation induced by ketamine was 59 micro Meter and 850 micro Meter for tissue contracted by 0.1 micro Meter or 10 micro Meter acetylcholine, respectively (P < 0.05). In contrast, the sensitivity of the [Ca2+] sub i response did not depend on the intensity of muscarinic receptor stimulation. Ketamine at 1 mM significantly inhibited calcium influx. Ketamine did not significantly increase cyclic nucleotide concentrations.     

从北京入境的中国籍旅行者死亡案例分析

目的 国际旅行者的健康和在旅行目的 地死亡原因应予以极大关注.通过对中国籍旅行者死亡原因的分析、致死危险性因素的评估,以便有针对性地对国际旅行者提供卫生保健咨询.方法 本文分析了1998年到2002年期间经北京口岸入境的在国外死亡的中国籍旅行者.对每例死亡的地理分布、死亡原因等进行统计.结果 1998年到2002年期间经北京口岸入境的在国外死亡的中国籍旅行者共64例.死亡发生在利比亚、阿拉伯联合酋长国、巴基斯坦、新加坡和巴林等36个国家和地区.心血管疾病、交通事故、工伤致死及意外伤害为主要的死亡原因.结论 根据旅行目的地国家不同、旅行目的 不同,针对心血管疾病、工伤、意外伤害及传染病等危险性提供旅行卫生保健咨询.     

Inhibition of enzymatic activity of phospholipases A2 by minocycline and doxycycline.

Extracellular phospholipases A2 play an important role in articular and extra-articular inflammatory processes. Secretory non-pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of articular inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, whereas pancreatic PLA2 contributes to the tissue damage associated with acute pancreatitis. Since in experimental models lipophilic tetracyclines such as minocycline and doxycycline are antiinflammatory, we examined their effects on PLA2 activity using two assay systems in vitro. We found that minocycline and to a lesser degree doxycycline were markedly inhibitory to both pancreatic and non-pancreatic PLA2. Using [14C]oleic acid labeled Escherichia coli membrane phospholipids as substrate, the IC50 values for minocycline and doxycycline were 3.6 x 10(-5) M (18 micrograms/mL) and 0.98 x 10(-4) M (47 micrograms/mL), respectively. In a scooting mode assay using the synthetic phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-(10-pyrenedecanoyl)-3-L-phosphatidylmethanol as substrate, IC50 values for minocycline were 5 microM (2.47 micrograms/mL) for non-pancreatic PLA2 and 8 microM (3.95 micrograms/mL) for pancreatic PLA2. Addition of excess calcium up to 50 mM did not reverse the inhibitory activity of tetracyclines. We conclude that lipophilic tetracyclines inhibit PLA2, probably by interaction with the substrate, and may be a useful adjunct in the therapy of inflammatory conditions in which PLA2 is implicated pathogenetically.