远志的化学成分研究Ⅲ

目的：研究远志益智安神的有效成分，为开发治疗老年痴呆症的新药及远志的质量控制奠定基础。方法：采用硅胶柱层析和Sephadex LH-20进行纯化，通过各种光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果：从远志根皮95％乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取物和氯仿萃取物中分离得到了9个化合物，分别鉴定为α-菠甾醇葡萄糖苷(I)，α-菠甾醇葡萄糖苷-6’-0-棕榈酸酯(Ⅱ)，豆甾醇(Ⅲ)，(28Z)-三十四碳烯酸(Ⅳ)，1，7-dimethoxy-2，3-methylenedioxyxanthone(V)，1，2，3，6，7-pentamethoxyxanthone(VI)，1，2，3，7-tetramethoxyxanthone(Ⅶ)，1，3，7-trihydroxyxanthone(Ⅷ)和1，6，7-trihydroxy-2，3-dimethoxyxanthone(IX)。结论：化合物Ⅳ新化合物，化合物I、Ⅱ和Ⅷ为首次从远志属植物中分离得到，化合物Ⅲ和Ⅸ为首次从远志植物中分离得到。     

强脉冲光联合睑板腺按摩与眼睑熏蒸按摩治疗MGD相关干眼的疗效对比

目的：观察对比强脉冲光(IPL)联合睑板腺按摩与眼睑熏蒸按摩对睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)相关干眼的治疗效果。

方法：本研究为前瞻性随机对照临床试验。选取2018-03/08在西安市第四医院干眼门诊就诊的73例146眼MGD相关干眼患者,试验组38例76眼,给予IPL联合睑板腺按摩治疗(每3wk 1次,共3次)。对照组35例70眼给予眼睑熏蒸联合睑板腺按摩治疗(每天熏蒸、清洗睑缘,连续5d,第5d进行睑板腺按摩,间隔2wk后再次重复治疗,共3次)。本研究时间共12wk,记录首次治疗前及首次治疗后1、4、7、12wk时患者的眼表疾病指数(OSDI)评估、标准干眼评估问卷(SPEED)、非侵入泪膜破裂时间(NITBUT)、非侵入泪河高度测量(NITMH)、睑板腺缺失积分(MGS)、睑板腺分泌物评估(MGYSS)等数据,评估两种治疗方法的有效性及二者的疗效对比。

结果：两组间性别、年龄无差异(P>0.05)。两组治疗前各观察指标无差异(P>0.05); 两组治疗后各时间点除NITMH、MGS外各项指标均较治疗前有明显改善(P<0.05)。试验组在治疗后1wk时各项指标与对照组无差异(P>0.05); 试验组在治疗后4、7、12wk时,除NITMH、MGS外均优于对照组(P<0.05)。从指标变化趋势上看,试验组于首次治疗后疗效指标持续好转,于第12wk时疗效最佳,而对照组于首次治疗后第7wk疗效最佳,之后疗效减弱。治疗后两组均未见明显并发症。

结论：强脉冲光联合睑板腺按摩及眼睑熏蒸按摩两种治疗方式均对MGD相关干眼治疗方便、安全、有效,且强脉冲光联合睑板腺按摩疗效及维持时间优于眼睑熏蒸按摩治疗。     

PCSK9 regulates apoptosis in human neuroglioma u251 cells via mitochondrial signaling pathways

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), belongs to a family of proprotein convertases (PCs), encodes a neural apoptosis-regulated convertase 1. However, the precise role of PCSK9 during glioma cells apoptosis has not been reported. Therefore, we examined the effects of knockdown and overexpression of PCSK9 on apoptosis of human neuroglioma U251 cells, and investigated the underlying mechanisms of apoptosis. We found that PCSK9 regulated cells proliferation as determined by CCK-8 and Hoechst staining analysis. In addition, western blot results showed that PCSK9 siRNA promote apoptosis via activation of caspase-3 and down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins, XIAP and p-Akt, while PCSK9 overexpression inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, PCSK9 siRNA improved the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 which leads to the release of cytochrome c, while PCSK9 overexpression decreased it. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PCSK9 may regulate apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway and is expected to be a promising therapeutic strategy for the malignant glioma.     

内镜下磁吻合术治疗先天性食管狭窄一例

采用传统手术方法治疗儿童先天性食管狭窄较困难且并发症多。本文报道1例利用磁吻合术实现儿童先天性食管狭窄微创治疗的临床经验。通过消化道内镜和胃造瘘方法将两个圆环状永磁体分别植入食管狭窄部位近、远端食管腔内,磁体对食管狭窄部位产生持续压榨作用以疏通食管。磁吻合术后1 d内磁环即完成良好对位,术后14 d胃造瘘口取出磁体,食管造影显示吻合口通畅情况良好,术后3个月复查食管造影通畅情况良好,随访6个月未发生任何并发症。     

中医药辨治艾滋病的临床研究概况

对近年来中医药辨治艾滋病的临床研究概况进行综述。目前中医临床根据艾滋病患者的不同临床表现辨证主要分为气血双亏、热毒郁结、气阴两伤、瘀血内阻4型;临床上使用次数较多且临床效果较明显的治疗艾滋病的中药复方制剂有益艾康胶囊、五味灵芪胶囊、唐草片、复方三黄散、艾宁颗粒等;甘草、黄芪、黄芩、金银花、丹参、柴胡、白花蛇舌草、紫花地丁等8味中药皆已经被证实具有高效抗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)活性的作用;清热解毒中药中的紫花地丁、穿心莲、牛蒡子、紫草、金银花、苦参、夏枯草、贯仲、狗脊、黄连、淫羊藿、蟛蜞菊已经被证明具有抑制HIV病毒复制的作用。     

Clinical progress and risk factors for death in severe Fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients

Background.?Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV) with an average fatality rate of 12%. The clinical factors for death in SFTS patients remain unclear. Methods.?Clinical features and laboratory parameters were dynamically collected for 11 fatal and 48 non-fatal SFTS cases. Univariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors associated with death. Results.?Dynamic tracking of laboratory parameters revealed that during the initial fever stage, the viral load was comparable for the patients who survived as well as the ones that died. Then in the second stage when multi-organ dysfunction occurred, from 7-13 days after disease onset, the viral load decreased in survivors but it remained high in the patients that died. The key risk factors that contributed to patient death were elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase fraction, as well as the appearance of CNS (central nervous system) symptoms, hemorrhagic manifestation, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multi-organ failure. All clinical markers reverted to normal in the convalescent stage for SFTS patients who survived. Conclusions.?We identified a period of 7-13 days after the onset of illness as the critical stage in SFTS progression. A sustained serum viral load may indicate that disease conditions will worsen and lead to death.