氨溴索（Ambroxol）辅佐治疗儿童支气肺炎疗效探索

目的：探讨氨溴索在辅佐治疗儿童支气管肺炎中的作用及疗效。方法：将282例支气管肺炎患儿分成治疗组及对照组，对照组按肺炎综合治疗，治疗组在肺炎综合治疗基础上加用氨溴索辅治疗，72小时后进行疗效比较。结果：治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组，（P＜0．05）。结论：氨溴索辅治疗儿童支气管肺确能减少肺炎并发症，提高疗效。     

头颈部肿瘤放疗对甲状腺功能的损伤

头颈部肿瘤放疗后会引起不同程度的甲状腺功能减退.引起甲状腺功能减退的机制包括射线对甲状腺及垂体细胞的直接损伤、对相关血管的损伤以及自身免疫反应等.影响头颈部肿瘤放疗后甲状腺功能的因素主要有:放疗剂量、放疗技术、是否联合手术化疗等.通过对这些影响因素的研究可为防治甲状腺功能减退提供依据,从而提高患者生活质量.     

氟伐他汀对缺血性脑卒中患者的疗效观察及护理措施

Objective To explore the effect and nursing main points of fluvastatin on the patients with cerebral arterial thrombosis. Methods Eighty-five patients with cerebral arterial thrombosis were randomly divided into three groups. Group Ⅰ was the negative control group. Group Ⅱ was the conventional-dose therapy group and group Ⅲ was the high-dose therapy group. Each group was treated with related therapy and care. The blood lipids in all groups were tested before the treatment, 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after the treatment; the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured by the Germany SEQUOIAS-512-B ultra machine before the treatment and 24 weeks after the treatment; At the same time, the side effects of fluvastatin were recorded. Results The results of blood lipid tests showed that the LDL, TC and TG in two treated groups were significantly decreased compared to negative control group (P<0.05). After treated for 24 weeks, the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in two treated groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05); the side effects of fluvastatin were infrequent and there was no significant different among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The effects of different doses of fluvastatin on cerebral arterial thrombosis were significantly different. With the dose of fluvastatin increased, the serum LDL-L and TC reduced more obvious and the inhibition on carotid atherosclerosis shows more obvious, and the side effects did not increased.     

星形细胞瘤生物学行为特征及机理探讨

目的：阐明星形细胞瘤生物学行为特征及形成机理。方法：①根据CT影像学对52例星形细胞瘤瘤周水肿厚度进行分级：一级：<20mm；二级：20～40mm；三级：>40mm。②电镜对照观察6例瘤体、水肿区和正常脑组织的血脑屏障超微结构。③光镜观察3例瘸体及水肿组织的连续切片。④免疫组化方法检测52例星形细胞瘤、18例瘤周水肿组织、11例腔质增生的p53、CerbB-2/neu、PCNA表达，结果：①水肿级别与瘤体及水肿区的血脑屏障改变程度呈正相关；瘤体及水肿组织连续切片可见瘤体各8部位分化不一致；水肿区可见瘤细胞最润，水肿越明显．浸润越明显．水肿不明显，未见瘤细胞浸润。②星形细胞瘤p53、CerbB-2／neu、PCNA异常表达率分别为46．2%（24／52)、38．5％(20/52)和77％（40/52)；瘤周水肿组织分别为：44．4％（8/18)、0和72．2％(13/18)。与正常组织对比P值分别为：00169、0．044和<0．001；00251、1和0．003。其表达率与病理级别、分化程度、水肿分级有关。病理Ⅲ、Ⅳ级阳性率80％(16/20)、40％(8／20)、100％(20/20)；Ⅱ级：33.3％(8/24)、50％(12/24)、83.3％(20/24)；Ⅰ级阳性率均为0，Ⅰ与Ⅱ比P值为：0.1522、0．0302、0；Ⅰ与Ⅲ、Ⅳ比P值为：0．0002、0.0628、0；Ⅱ与Ⅲ、Ⅳ比P值为：0．0199、0．5071、0．1651。水肿一级阳性率：0、0、14．2％（1/7)。二级：31.6％(6/19)、31.6％(6/19)、68．4％(13/19)：三级：69.2％(18／26）、53．8％(14／26)、100％(26/26)，一级与二级比P值为：0.1456、0．1456、0.0261；一级与三级比：0.0015、0.026、0；二级与三级比：0．001239、0.1376、0．0084。FCNA表达与CerbB-2/neu表达无一致性．P>005，③11例胶质增生有1例显示p53表达，CerbB-2／neu、PCNA无表达，随访3年，病变复发。术后病理诊断星形细胞瘤Ⅱ级，同时CerbB-2，neu表达，PCNA高指数，瘤周出现水肿。结论；①水肿的产生与p53、CerblB-2/neu、PCNA异常表达引起瘤体、瘤周血脑屏障改变有关，而肿瘤侵袭与水肿有关。水肿区是瘤细胞侵袭扩散实际范围．其增生的胶质细胞也具有恶性表型。②p53、CerbB-2／neu、PCNA异常表达与肿瘤发生发展有关，可作为肿瘤恶性程度及预后指标，p53主要影响肿瘤的分化。p53对预测早期癌症有帮助。③肿瘤起动基因可能来自分化调节基因，而肿瘤的异常分化又可能引发其它相关的异常表达，构成肿瘤发生发展的多击中过程，作在此基础上，提出肿瘤生物学行为所遵守的可能法则。     

精神病患者回归综合医院开放病房治疗可行性研究

目的探讨建立综合医院开放式心理病房治疗精神病患者的意义及可行性。方法对广东医学院附属医院心理病房采用开放式管理模式 ,并分析 12 0 0例住院患者的疗效。结果综合医院开放式心理病房管理模式具有患者生活自由、人际交往方便、可保持与外界社会的接触、治疗效果好、住院天数短、经济效益佳、精神症状更易控制等优点。结论综合医院建立开放式管理的心理病房有利于精神病患者的治疗 ,是现代精神病治疗发展的趋势。     

人脑胶质瘤侵袭微生态系统的形态学观察

目的　探讨人脑胶质瘤侵袭微生态系统的形态学特征。　方法　利用光镜及透射电镜观察 12例手术切除的脑胶质瘤标本中微血管内皮细胞和基底膜及其与肿瘤细胞的相互关系。　结果　光镜下可见侵袭性生长的瘤细胞可在血管周形成巢状结构。电镜下不同胶质细胞起源的胶质瘤中的微血管内皮细胞基本上为无孔型 ,偶见窗孔形成。内皮细胞下基质完整 ,基底膜呈局限性或广泛性增厚 ,有的伴有多层基板样结构形成。基底膜靠近瘤细胞侧常出现大小不等、数量不一的虫蚀样空洞 ,含有较大空洞的基底膜常突向瘤细胞侧。有的血管外腔扩张 ,腔内可见瘤细胞以单个形式侵袭 ,少见瘤细胞伸出伪足突入基底膜及穿透内皮细胞间隙现象 ,瘤细胞与基底膜相互接触处呈光滑平整的界面。　结论　无孔型内皮细胞、肿瘤微血管基底膜结构的局限性或广泛性增厚和虫蚀样空洞的改变 ,及少见瘤细胞伸出伪足突入其间 ,可能是不同胶质细胞起源的人脑胶质瘤侵袭微生态系统形态学上共有的特征     

全髋置换术后脱位的原因和治疗

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术后脱位原因与治疗的关系。方法 对28例全髋置换术后脱位的病人,进行外展肌力检查和放射学测量。结果 17例侧卧外展试验阳性,8例单纯假体位置不当,11例单纯软组织不平衡,7例同时存在软组织不平衡和假体位置不当,2例假体位置正常性脱位。20例经闭合复位或一次再置换手术治疗取得成功,8例需一次以上手术治疗,5例软组织不平衡病例使用了限制性髋臼。结论 闭合复位是早期脱位的首选治疗方法,软组织不平衡的髋关节脱位,无论假体位置不当存在与否,常需多次手术治疗,手术中要考虑其机械稳定性（使用限制型髋臼假体）。     

髌骨骨折的手术方法及其远期疗效

目的 探讨不同手术方法治疗髌骨骨折的远期疗效。方法 对１９８６～１９９４年手术治疗髌骨骨折２２７例进行分析。１２８例随访５～１２ａ,平均８．２ａ,其中髌骨全切除１０例,部分切除４５例,张力带固定２６例,钢丝缝扎固定４７例。结果 优良率和髌股关节软骨退变发生率：部分切除为４９％,６３％;张力带固定为８１％,２７％;钢丝和丝线缝扎固定为６４％,４０％。髌骨全切除疗效较差。结论 髌骨全切除和部分切除易引     

氟伐他汀对缺血性脑卒中患者的疗效观察及护理措施

Objective To explore the effect and nursing main points of fluvastatin on the patients with cerebral arterial thrombosis. Methods Eighty-five patients with cerebral arterial thrombosis were randomly divided into three groups. Group Ⅰ was the negative control group. Group Ⅱ was the conventional-dose therapy group and group Ⅲ was the high-dose therapy group. Each group was treated with related therapy and care. The blood lipids in all groups were tested before the treatment, 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after the treatment; the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured by the Germany SEQUOIAS-512-B ultra machine before the treatment and 24 weeks after the treatment; At the same time, the side effects of fluvastatin were recorded. Results The results of blood lipid tests showed that the LDL, TC and TG in two treated groups were significantly decreased compared to negative control group (P<0.05). After treated for 24 weeks, the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in two treated groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05); the side effects of fluvastatin were infrequent and there was no significant different among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The effects of different doses of fluvastatin on cerebral arterial thrombosis were significantly different. With the dose of fluvastatin increased, the serum LDL-L and TC reduced more obvious and the inhibition on carotid atherosclerosis shows more obvious, and the side effects did not increased.     

鼻咽癌Ⅰb区淋巴结转移特点及治疗指引

Because of the lymphatic drainage of the neck area level-Ⅰb of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is particular, and “skip” metastasis in the cervical lymph node is rare, the involved region of level-I b lymph node metastasis rate is low in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In the three-dimensional radiotherapy era of precision radiotherapy, there is no consensus on whether level-Ⅰb need to be prophylactic irradiated in the clinic.