HPLC同时测定苦豆子中槐定碱、氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱的含量

目的：建立同时测定苦豆子中槐定碱、氧化槐果碱及氧化苦参碱含量的HPLC测定法。方法：色谱柱为Phenomenex Gemini C₁₈(46 mm×250 mm,5 μm),以甲醇(A)-02%磷酸水(B)为流动相,检测波长205 nm,流速1 mL·min^-1,柱温30 ℃。结果：在线性范围内3个对照品的标准曲线呈良好的线性关系(r≥0999 7)。平均回收率分别为1000%,970%,970%。结论：可通过HPLC同时测定苦豆子中槐定碱、氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱的含量,并可用该方法进行苦豆子药材的质量控制。     

TP53 mutations in breast cancer tumors of patients from Rio de Janeiro,Brazil: association with risk factors and tumor characteristics

Somatic mutations in the TP53 gene are the most frequently observed genetic alterations in human malignancies, including breast cancer, which is one of the leading causes of death among women in Brazil. In our study, we determined the frequency and the pattern of TP53 mutations in malignant breast tumors from 120 patients living in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. TP53 mutations were found in 20% of the tumors, which contained a diversity of mutation types: missense (62.5%), nonsense (8.3%), silent (4.2%), intronic (12.5%), insertion (4.2%) and deletion (8.3%). Of a total of 15 missense mutations, 4 were observed at Arg248 and 2 at Cys242, which are directly involved in DNA binding and in zinc binding, respectively. A subgroup of 51 patients was analyzed with respect to the relation between the presence of TP53 mutations and classical risk factors and with tumor and patient characteristics. For this analysis, we used logistic regression and, in order to obtain more precise confidence intervals, they were recalculated using a bootstrap resampling technique. Our results demonstrate that these mutations are not statistically associated with the risk factors or the patients' characteristics. However, the presence of TP53 mutations is strongly associated with the aggressiveness of the tumors, measured by Elston classification (OR = 11.97 and 95% CI of 2.24-307.05). This finding is in agreement with previous studies, which report the presence of TP53 mutations in tumors with poor prognosis. This correlation between tumor aggressiveness and TP53 mutations could be a crucial variable for the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.     

新疆一枝蒿提取物保肝作用的实验研究

目的 :探讨新疆一枝蒿提取物 (ARE)对化学性肝损伤及免疫性肝炎的保护和治疗作用。方法 :采用卡介苗 (BCG)加脂多糖 (LPS)引起的小鼠免疫性肝炎模型及四氯化碳和D 氨基半乳糖致小鼠、大鼠急性肝损伤模型 ,观察ARE对免疫性肝炎的预防和治疗作用及对化学性肝损伤的保护作用。结果 :ARE大剂量能明显降低免疫性肝炎小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)水平 (P <0 0 5 ) ,ARE各种剂量皆能降低四氯化碳致肝损伤小鼠和大鼠血清ALT(P <0 0 1) ,降低D 氨基半乳糖致肝损伤小鼠血清ALT(P <0 0 5 )。结论 :ARE具有明显的保护化学性肝损伤及治疗免疫性肝炎的功能 ,但对免疫性肝炎无预防作用     

Asymptomatic pons tuberculoma in an infant with miliary tuberculosis

Miliary tuberculosis is caused by the hematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and consists of 1.5% of all tuberculosis cases. It is seen mostly in infants because of the immature immune system, and central nervous system CNS involvement is not rare. Tuberculomas are rarely seen in the localized form of CNS tuberculosis, and only 4% are localized in the brain stem. We report a 4.5-month-old infant who deteriorated during follow-up with the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia, and afterwards received the diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis. Although the baby had no neurologic abnormality and cerebrospinal fluid findings were normal, cranial MRI revealed contrast enhanced nodular lesions in pons, cerebellum, and right parietal region. The case is presented to intensify the importance of CNS investigation even if the patient with miliary tuberculosis has no neurologic finding.     

Air pollution and mortality in the elderly in Rio de Janeiro: a time-series analysis

This study investigates the association between particulate air pollution and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among the elderly in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Death counts, levels of total suspended particles (TSP), and meteorological data were obtained from secondary databases. Daily counts of deaths and daily TSP levels from 1990 to 1993 were analyzed in Poisson regression models adjusted for long-term temporal trends, seasonality, weekdays, temperature, and humidity. For an increase in TSP levels from the 10th to the 90th percentile (104.7 microg/m3), the relative risks for mortality in elderly people from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were 1.04 (95%CI: 0.96-1.13) and 1.10 (95%CI: 0.97-1.26) respectively. Although an upward trend in risk was observed, the associations were not statistically significant, which could be explained partially by the small number of pollution measures available for the period analyzed.     

Tumor characteristics and five-year survival in breast cancer patients at the National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Numerous factors have been studied to establish more secure prognostic criteria in breast cancer patients. This study estimates five-year survival rates and principal prognostic factors related to tumor characteristics in women with invasive breast cancer and submitted to surgery at the National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from May 1995 to July 1996. Study variables were: lymph node status, tumor size, aggressiveness grade, and presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Survival functions were calculated according to the Kaplan-Meyer method. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate prognostic factors. Five-year survival was 75% for all women and 64% for those with node involvement. Multivariate analyses identified node involvement as the strongest predictor of outcome; a positive estrogen receptor test was associated with a better prognosis. These findings highlight the need for studies to assess new variables to be added to known factors in order to better orient therapy for breast cancer.