活性金属单环165的临床研究

不锈钢环型节育器(金单环)在中国广为应用。为提高金单环的避孕效果,进行了金单环支撑力与脱落关系的研究,对200,165,135g不同支撑力进行比较性研究筛选出较为合理的支撑力为165g,其外形和金单环相似,分大、中、小三种型号,大号外径22mm,中号21mm,小号为20mm。外层为不锈钢丝螺旋簧,在螺旋环内相间置入纯铜丝(200mm2)和消炎痛硅橡胶各二段(消炎痛总含量5mg左右,现已改为10mg)。于1988年10月～1989年6月全国南北方7省市11所医院共放置1000例,经3年定期随访,12,24,36个月继续存放率各为92.5,88.99及85.94/100妇女年,36月累积带器妊娠率仅1.61/100妇女,脱落率比原金单环明显降低近40％,因症取出率为3.12。于放置前后进行月经血量测量24例,放置后3、6月各增加24.4％和27.4％。行子宫内膜“含铜含药组”和“有铜无药”组对照检查各11例,含药组炎症细胞略少。作宫颈粘液中铜离子含量测定,以6月内含量较高,6月后趋向平稳。消炎痛释放测定,1月内释放较快,一年后残留20％左右。经1249例临床观察,活性金单环165是一种不需特殊培训易于推广的、安全、经济并能长期放置的IUD。     

放置不锈钢IUD20年以上妇女的长期安全性研究——临床与病理分析

调查了上海市所属崇明、嘉定二个县及川沙县三个公社的全部放置了不锈钢宫内节育环20年以上妇女635人的临床情况;调查了上述地区年龄相似未放环的妇女724例作为对照。临床症状发生率经年龄与绝经年龄配对后,放环组中赤带的发生率增高4.87%(P<0.05),而月经量增多与不规则出血的发生率增高极少(P>0.05)。放环组取环374例其宫腔括出物中均未见癌,特别注意了内膜的直接压迫与移行区内膜亦未见明显间变。子宫内膜轻度增生过长9例,占2.41%。与放置时间长短无关。其中315例较完整的内膜中,有炎症者32例,占10.15%。其发生率与环的放置时间长短无关。内膜炎中3例为放线菌感染。374例取环困难情况与环的放置时间长短无明显关系,而与绝经年限长短有关,随着绝经年限增长而困难增多。23例宫腔X 线造影发现宫腔随着绝经年限增长而逐渐缩小,环的嵌顿越来越深。     

放置不锈钢宫内节育器20年的子宫内膜亚显微结构的变化

为了了解放置不锈钢宫内节育器的安全性,我们收集了8例放置不锈钢宫内节育器20年、月经正常妇女之子宫内膜,在亚显微水平观察其变化。结果指出:压迫区子宫内膜有不同程度之萎缩或变性;移行区子宫内膜有轻度变性、轻度增生、个别细胞肥大及鳞状化生,未见明显癌变;远离区则无明显病变,对内源性性激素反应比较正常,即使核内管道系统与巨大线粒体亦仍在第17、19天两侧内膜中出现。因此,认为放置不锈钢宫内节育器20年后之子宫内膜不一定会发生严重的破坏或癌变。结合临床分析,将不锈钢宫内节育器存放时间延长至20年是可以的。     

不锈钢环型宫内节育器放置年限的探讨(6250例不锈钢环放置者的15年随访分析)

本文就不锈钢环型节育器长期放置是否安全问题进行了临床观察。通过6250例放置15年的随访,采用生命表法统计,15年净累计妊娠率为5.51、脱落率为17.74、因症取出率21.74、继续存放率6.48/100妇女。带器妊娠、脱落和副反应以第一、二年发生率较高,随着放置时间的延长渐趋稳定,而非因症取出(如到期、绝经等)则增加。6250例中发现宫颈癌5例,宫体癌2例,其发生率低于上海1971—1972年普查的发生率。因感染而取出43例(0.85%),带环宫外孕9例(发生在二年内者6例),金属环子宫外异位2例,未发生严重并发症。通过临床及子宫内膜病理检查,认为不锈钢环型宫内节育器没有增加子宫癌的发病率,并发症又很少,所以使用者如无临床症状,可以存放15—20年。     

6例宫内异物应用宫腔镜的诊治经验

广义的宫腔内异物包括:炎症、肿瘤、胎儿骨片、其他孕物宫内残留及与人体组织相异的物体等,而狭义的官腔内异物仅指后者,例如宫内节育器(IUD)或其断段、碎片,丝线结头,复孕术时输卵管     

A Multicentre Comparative Clinical Study of Three Types of IUD（Eight：Year Follow up）

The Stainless steel ring(SSR), VCu200 and TCu220C were in randomized comparison for eight years in a cohort of 4,490 subjects covering 16 centres in 9 provinces and municipalities. The follow-up rate at the end of the eithth year was 90.33%. The cumulative continuation rates were 47.06 per 100 women at the end of the eighth year for SSR,54.05 for VCu200 and 61.14 for TCu220C. The cumulative pregnancy rates for VCu200 and TCu220C were 10.35 and 8.94 per 100 women respectively, significantly lower than 24.14 for SSR. There were significant differences in eight-year expulsion rates among SSR(21.69%), VCu200(13.05%) and TCu220C(7.48%). The removal for bleeding and/or pain was the lowest in SSR; and no significant differences were found between VCu200 and TCu200C. but the rate ws getting higher in VCu200 at the end of the eighth year than in TCu220C. The discontinued use of lUD for desire to become pregnant in rural area was extremely higher than in urban area. The risk of pregnancy and expulsion was in association with the types of lUD in this study, age at insertion, previous use of IUD and pregnancy frequency prior to insertion. The risk of pregnancy and expulsion for VCu200 and TCu220C was significantly lower than that for SSR. Failure risks were associated with age at insertion, the types of IUD in this study and pregnancy frequency prior to insertion, and failure risk in SSR was still higher than in VCu200 and TCu220C at the end of the eighth year. The study revealed that TCu220C was of good long-term safe ty, efficacy, and acceptability.     

Development and Clinical Evaluation of a Newly Developed Forceps to Remove Intrauterine Foreign Bodies

Clinical use of a new forceps for foreign body removal (Intrauterine forceps) is introduced in this paper. The forceps can fit in uterine cavity during operation. A total of 310 foreign bodies in uterus, including IUD breakage, IUD embedment and remained fetal bone were removed satisfactorily by the new forceps. Two case failed.The two failed cases were not diagnosed before operation. One was a broken stainlesss teel ring and embedded into myometrium deeply. It was difficult to remove the IUD and the patient was advised to undergo a hysteroscopy diagnosis. Another one was a stainless steel V-shaped Cu IUD, which was broken into several pieces and removed by the forceps, but a small piece remained and was removed with aid of hysteroscopy.The new type of foeceps was proved to be effective and should be popularized.     

宫腔镜在诊治宫内节育器取出困难中的应用

本文介绍274例常规取节育器困难或失败的病例,经宫腔镜检查定位,274例中有237例病人的宫内节育器或其残段碎片在宫腔内,37例未见宫内节育器。237例中经此成功取出236例(用鳄鱼嘴型异物钳取出132,蟹爪异物钳取出86例.定位后用卵圆钳或长弯钳钳取出16例,微型钩取出3例),其取器成功率:99.58％;37例宫内未见节育器者也作出诊断(节育器脱落13例,环丝残留肌壁间2例)和相应的处理(腹腔镜取器14例,剖腹取器8例)。由此认为应用宫腔镜检查,必要时联合腹部B超或腹腔镜检查,籍以诊断和处理断裂或嵌顿等难以取出的宫内节育器是值得推荐的方法。     

药铜环165、活性γ型和TCu220C宫内节育器的多中心比较性研究

目的：为防止放置宫内节育器（ＩＵＤ）引起的月经过多，扩大含消炎痛和铜的２种不锈钢ＩＵＤ即药铜环１６５和活性γ型ＩＵＤ（γ－ＩＵＤ）的临床试验，并观察５年的效果、副反应和月经血量情况。方法：由全国１２所医院随机放置药铜环１６５、γ－ＩＵＤ各１０００例，以ＴＣｕ２２０ＣＩＵＤ为对照；放置后定期随访达５年，以生命表法统计效果；对其中各２０名志愿者于放器前和放置后定期进行月经血量测定。结果：５年时每百妇女的妊娠率，药铜环１６５为３．２、γ－ＩＵＤ为２．７、ＴＣｕ２２０Ｃ为３．２；每百妇女的脱落率各为７．７、２．３和２．４；每百妇女的因症取出率各为５．０、３．８和６．４；每百妇女的续放率各为７９．８、８８．７和８４．９。第１年内平均出血天数以药铜环１６５最短；月经血量测定说明γ－ＩＵＤ放置后血量减少，而ＴＣｕ２２０Ｃ明显增加。结论：药铜环１６５效果好，平均出血天数少，放、取技术同金属单环，易为基层接受；γ－ＩＵＤ效果好、出血少。二者均可推广。     

含不同剂量消炎痛γ型IUD比较性研究

本研究对三种含不同剂量消炎痛的ｒ－ＩＵＤ进行比较性研究，即含消炎痛２５±３ｍｇ，１８±２ｍｇ和不含消炎痛的γ－ＩＵＤ对照组各３００例，共９００例，于１９９２年１０月～１９９３年５月放置，放置后进行定期随访，随访率１００％，资料按生命表法统计一年时三组ＩＵＤ累计妊娠和脱落率均甚低。因症取出率以无药组最高为３．０５，一年时继续存放率γ２５ＩＵＤ组为９８．６６，γ１８ＩＵＤ组为９８．３３均明显高于γ０ＩＵＤ组的９４．３２／１００妇女，三组各测月经血量１５例，均与放置前比较，γ２５ＩＵＤ组放置后３～１２月月经量可减少３３．５～５．２％，γ１８ＩＵＤ组无明显改变，γ０ＩＵＤ组月经量有所增加。研究结果说明在三种ＩＵＤ中γ２５ＩＵＤ组含消炎痛量为较合理的配伍剂量。