HPV16的自然变异及其生物学行为

长期以来，人们一直以为ＨＰＶ是相当稳定的病毒，近年来发现其在自然界中存在着变异。不同地区、不同种族人群中ＨＰＶ１６变异不同，ＨＰＶ１６变异后明显影响其生物学行为。本文仅就ＨＰＶ１６变异及其生物学特性作一简单的综述。     

B超与X线检查对胸部占位性和非占位性病变诊断的比较

目的:探讨B超检查与X线检查联合应用诊断胸部疾病的临床意义.方法:对不同的胸部疾病,分别用B超与X线进行对比检查.结果:本组29例病例中,B超检查诊断正确25例(86%),X线检查诊断正确29例(100%).结论:单纯应用B超检查诊断胸部疾病易发生误诊或漏诊,与X线检查联合应用可提高诊断的准确性;B超检查可以反复进行而无不良后果,放射线检查则对机体有一定损害,不宜反复多次应用.     

PBL教学法在病理生理学教学中的应用

PBL的全称是“Problem-Based Learning”,即以“问题为基础的学习法”,由美国神经病学教授Barrows于1969年在加拿大的麦克马斯特大学医学院首先试行的一种新的教学模式[1].PBL的基本特点是以教师为引导,以学生为中心.简单地说,PBL就是通过解决问题来学习.与传统的以学科为基础,以教师为中心的教学方法相比有很大的不同.PBL教学法在西方国家得到了广泛推广,尤其是在国外医学院校较普遍实施.我国近几年在国内西医院校和中医院校内有尝试和报道,但仍处于试验性探索阶段.为了解PBL教学法在教学活动中的利与弊,我们在2002级部分本科班的病理生理学教学的部分章节中采用了此种教学方法,同时利用调查问卷的形式对该教学法的使用进行问卷调查.     

1993年云南省瑞丽等地吸毒者艾滋病病毒感染定群研究

１９９３年３月对已建立一年的吸毒者定群研究现场──云南省德宏州瑞丽市、陇川县及潞西县再次进行调查。本次调查７５５例吸毒者及１０２例配偶。从１９９２年进入定群研究ＨＩＶ阴性的８９例静脉吸毒者中，１９９３年又采到血样有５４例，其中９例血清转阳。瑞丽市、陇川县及潞西县１９９２年和１９９３年静注者血清阳转率（／百观察人年）分别为４３．２％及４０．０％，１２．２％及１２．２％，０％及０％。１９９３年新进入定群研究的１１６例静注者中，采集到血样的有１０４例，发现ＨＩＶ阳性３８例。上述三市县１９９２年及１９９３年入定群研究的静注者的ＨＩＶ感染率分别为８１．８％及８５．７％，４４．６％及４０．０％，５．１％及０％。可以看出血清阳转率的高低与ＨＩＶ感染率高低相吻合。ＨＩＶ阳性者的配偶１９９０、１９９２及１９９３年的ＨＩＶ感染率分别为３．１％、９．８％和７．４％，有上升趋势。潞西县ＨＩＶ阳性者少，静脉注射出现时间晚，但近年来静脉吸毒者比例上升快，值得注意。     

直肠子宫内膜异位症17例

<正> 盆腔内子宫内膜异位在妇产科文献中多见,而直肠子宫内膜异位(rectal endometriosis,RE)属盆腔外子宫内膜异位少见,且日常就诊于外科容易误诊,现总结如下。     

农村急性心肌梗塞与冠心病猝死防治的观察

由于农村对冠心病缺乏认识,急性冠心病发作后得不到及时正确的治疗,院外死亡率高。1974年我们建立河北省正定心血管病防治区(防治区),有针对性的对急性心肌梗塞(AMI)和冠心病猝死开展院外防治,得到明显效果。对象防治区1974年共有自然人口71,625人,20岁以上者(40,037人)为防治对象;1985年增至81,324人;20岁以上者45,870人。1984年选毗邻地     

儿童眼外伤临床流行病学调查

儿童眼外伤临床流行病学调查陈伟芳，丁萍，范军，金莉，李世莲，卢光荣，夏海涛，张佩伟，江燕，李兴，廖金英，王家平，熊 （任华明，田桂芬综合）眼外伤是儿童致盲主要原因之一，严重的并发症、后遗症所致视功能障碍给受伤儿童带来终生痛苦。为保护儿童健康成长，减少...     

早孕期外周血及蜕膜淋巴细胞CD28/CTLA-4的表达

目的：探讨人早孕期外周血及蜕膜淋巴细胞协同刺激分子表达水平在母．胎免疫调节中的作用。方法：以15例正常育龄妇女黄体期外周血为对照，应用流式细胞仪分析15例正常人早孕期外周血及蜕膜淋巴细胞CD28和CTLA-4的表达水平。结果：各组淋巴细胞几乎不表达表面CTLA-4分子；而表达细胞内CTLA-4分子（CTLA-4i）。蜕膜组织淋巴细胞CTLA-4i^＋／CD28^＋的比例显著高于早孕期及黄体期外周血。早孕期与黄体期外周CTLA-4i^＋／CD28^＋的百分率比较无显著性差异。结论：母胎界面局部高表达细胞内CTLA-4在母-胎免疫耐受中起重要作用。     

THE INFLUENCE OF HUMAN SINGLE CHAIN INTELEUKIN-12 GENE TRANSDUCTION ON THE BIOIOGICAI BEHAVIOR OF HEPATOMA 7721 CELLS

Objective. To investigate the anti-tumor effects of human single chain interleukin-12 (hscIL-12).``Method. pcDNA/ hscIL-12 recombinant was transfected into human hepatic carcinoma cells (7721 cells)by lipofectin method. The 7721/hscIL-12 cells which secrete hscIL-12 stably, were obtained via G418 selection, and in vitro the influence of hscIL-12 gene transduction on the growth of tumor cells was evaluated by cell cycle analysis. In vivo, genetically engineered 7721 cells (7721/hscIL-12, 7721/pcDNA) and parental cells were implanted into BALB/c nude mice, respectively. 7721/pcDNA and 7721/hscIL-1 2 groups were divided into two sub-groups on day 8: one was administered with hPBL twice, 6 days at interval; the other was given equal volume of PBS. Mice were sacrificed on day 26, and spleens and tumors were taken out for histologic assay.``Results. hscIL-12 produced stably by 7721/hscIL-12 cells had bioactivity, and it was proved by Western blot, immunocytochemistry, and in situ hybridization. In vitro, compared with 7721 and 7721/pcDNA, the 7721/hscIL-12 grew much more slowly. FACS assay showed apparent Gl arrest of 7721/hscIL-12 cells. In animal experiment, on day 8 after inoculation, the tumors of 7721 and 7721/pcDNA group were up to 5 ～ 7mm,while those of 7721/hscIL-12 group were 2 ～4mm. When treated with hPBL, the tumor of 7721/hscIL-12 group disappeared completely. Histologically, the tumors from 7721/hsclL-12 without hPBL treatment had numerous lymphocyte infiltration, the tumor cells displayed depression looking, atrophy, focal necrosis and apoptosis, whereas the tumors of 7721 and 7721/pcDNA groups grew thrivingly.``Conclusion. hscIL-12 transduced 7721 cells could induced significant antitumor immune response which resulted in tumor regression totally when the hPBL was inoculated, and also hscIL-12 has certain effects on mice immune svstem. These findings suggest that hscIL-12 and hscIL-12 gene therapy might have promising prospects in clinical application.