分析化学在药学教学中的改革初探

在药学专业教育中,分析化学是一门重要的专业基础课,其理论知识和实验技能在药物分析学、药物化学、天然药物化学、药剂学、药理学和中药学等各个学科都有广泛的应用。针对目前社会对药学人才的要求,从分析化学在药学教育中的作用入手,说明了分析化学改革的必要性,并从理论教学和实验教学两方面进行改革探索。     

穿心莲内酯对大鼠辐射损伤防护的实验研究

Objective To explore the effects of andrographolide(AP),extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Andrographlis paniculata(AP),on injury induced by radiation exposure.Methods Sixty male rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups and irradiated with 60Co γ-rays at the doses of 1,2,and 4 Gy,respectively:low dose AP group(intragnstrically administered with AP at the dose of 100 ms/kg daily for 10 d before irradiation),and high dose AP group(intragastrically administered with AP at the dose of 200 ms/kg daily for 10 d before irradiation),model group(administered with the same volume of normal saline instead of AP for 10 d before irradiation),and control group(irradiated only at 3 different doses).One day after irradiation all rats were killed with their livers being fixed to make paraffin section.The morphological feature was observed under light microscope after HE staining,and the cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL technology.Results Compared to the control and model groups,the pathological changes of liver were significantly gentler in the AP treatment groups.The apoptosis rates of the liver cells of all the AP sub-groups were significantly lower than those of the control and model subgroup(t=2.19-4.80.P<0.05).Conclusions AP might have prevention effect against radiation exposure.     

天然紫甘蓝色素作为酒精饮品添加剂的光热稳定性研究

研究天然甘蓝色素作为酒精饮料着色剂,在NaCl、蔗糖同时作为添加剂使用时紫外光照和加热对其稳定性影响。结果表明,该色素在乙醇、NaCl(或蔗糖)共存溶液中的色泽较单一色素溶液中明显稳定,混合色素溶液对紫外光照的稳定性明显优于加热时稳定性。     

一个针对药学专业的分析化学综合设计性实验

将综合设计性实验引入药学专业的分析化学实验教学中,结合学校实验条件,选择测定女贞子中的黄酮含量,指导学生自行设计实验方案,独立完成实验内容,写出实验总结。旨在培养、提高本科药学专业学生学习兴趣和创新能力。     

穿心莲内酯对大鼠辐射损伤防护的实验研究

目的 探讨中药穿心莲内酯对大鼠放射性损伤的防护作用.方法 将60只雄性sD大鼠随机分为健康对照组、模型组和中药组.中药组大鼠定期进行穿心莲内酯溶液(分为2个剂量组)灌胃,模型组大鼠给予生理盐水灌胃,健康对照组大鼠正常饮水.10 d后给予60Coγ射线一次性全身均匀照射,1、2和4 Gy.继续饲养1 d后,处死全部动物,取其肝脏,立即用4%多聚甲醛固定,常规制作石蜡切片,采用HE染色检测肝组织细胞形态学变化,TUNEL法染色检测不同组细胞凋亡情况.结果 健康对照组和模型组大鼠肝脏HE染色显示病变相似,随辐射剂量的增大,肝细胞水肿、肝窦扩张充血、炎性反应等组织损伤程度加重;TUNEL法检测肝细胞凋亡率无明显差别.同等剂量下,中药组大鼠HE染色病变较对照组和模型组轻,且肝细胞凋亡率显著降低(t=2.19～4.80,P<0.05).结论 穿心莲内酯对辐射损伤有一定的防护作用.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effects of andrographolide(AP),extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Andrographlis paniculata(AP),on injury induced by radiation exposure.Methods Sixty male rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups and irradiated with 60Co γ-rays at the doses of 1,2,and 4 Gy,respectively:low dose AP group(intragnstrically administered with AP at the dose of 100 ms/kg daily for 10 d before irradiation),and high dose AP group(intragastrically administered with AP at the dose of 200 ms/kg daily for 10 d before irradiation),model group(administered with the same volume of normal saline instead of AP for 10 d before irradiation),and control group(irradiated only at 3 different doses).One day after irradiation all rats were killed with their livers being fixed to make paraffin section.The morphological feature was observed under light microscope after HE staining,and the cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL technology.Results Compared to the control and model groups,the pathological changes of liver were significantly gentler in the AP treatment groups.The apoptosis rates of the liver cells of all the AP sub-groups were significantly lower than those of the control and model subgroup(t=2.19-4.80.P<0.05).Conclusions AP might have prevention effect against radiation exposure.     

辐射对小鼠大脑微血管内皮细胞的作用

目的 研究辐射单因素对小鼠大脑微血管内皮细胞的影响,并探索辐射对脑微血管内皮细胞的可能的调控机制.方法 采用原代培养的小鼠大脑微血管内皮细胞,分为3组,辐射剂量分别为0,1,2 Gy.应用TUNEL染色观察小鼠大脑微血管内皮细胞形态学变化和凋亡情况.应用Western blot方法测定MAPKs家族ERK、JYN蛋白的磷酸化水平. 结果 随着辐射剂量增加细胞凋亡比例升高,以2Gy辐射下的细胞凋亡最明显；ERK蛋白磷酸化水平在辐射剂量1 Gy时,出现下降趋势,随辐射剂量增大后呈现升高趋势,JNK蛋白磷酸化水平呈现升高趋势. 结论 辐射可引起小鼠大脑微血管内皮细胞凋亡,且随辐射剂量增加,细胞凋亡率随之上升.MAPK/ERK、MAPK/JNK信号转导通道可能参与辐射对小鼠大脑微血管内皮细胞凋亡的调节过程.     

药学仪器分析实验教学的现状调查和改革发展——从学生角度看如何提高教学质量

为提高药学专业仪器分析实验教学质量,采用自制问卷对本校2012级药学专业学生进行了调查分析,这些由学生反馈的信息更直观地反映出目前仪器分析教学实验的现状。并从优化实验课程,提高教学手段,完善考核机制三个方面进行了改革探索,为培养社会需要的药学人才奠定良好的基础。     

大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞的培养

目的:探索一种简便易行、可培养出高纯度大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞的方法。方法:1月龄SD大鼠,解剖得到大脑皮质,密度离心法获得较纯的脑微血管段后进行原代培养,传代采用差速消化和贴壁方法进行纯化。通过形态学观察及第Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫荧光检测对培养细胞进行鉴定。结果:密度离心法分离出的大量微血管段呈"串珠样"结构,培养24h可见短梭形、多角形细胞,8～10天基本融合。第2代细胞经免疫荧光染色,第Ⅷ因子相关抗原呈阳性,阳性率达90%。结论:原代细胞采用低分子量葡聚糖加Percoll密度离心法、传代细胞采用差速消化和差速贴壁法纯化可成功培养高纯度的脑微血管内皮细胞。     

整合药学专业化学实验课程探索建立教学新模式

针对目前各高校药学专业无机化学、有机化学、分析化学、物理化学各自独立开设,不利于培养学生综合利用化学知识,解决药学实际问题的现状,提出整合四大化学内容,按基本操作——验证实验——综合性实验——设计性实验四个阶段循序渐进,既培养了学生扎实的操作技能,又提高了学生综合实践能力和创新精神。为药学专业化学实验教学提出了新模式,开辟了新途径。