Early repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: Predictive factors and interventions required

Background/aims: Early repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography may be required due to various conditions in patients who underwent planned endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. We aimed to assess the factors leading to early repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and to determine the patients who need closer follow-up. Materials and Methods: A total of 691 patients with a mean age of 60.3±16.4 years who had naive papilla on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were involved in the study. The patients who required repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were identified. Presentations, predictive factors, treatment modalities, and outcomes of the patients were investigated. Results: Early repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was needed in 19 (2.7%) patients. The most common presentation was cholangitis in 10 (52.6%) and unresolved jaundice in 4 (21.1%). Multivariate analysis identified biliary stricture (p=0.024), stricture at the hilus (p=0.005) and unilateral drainage in the presence of hilar stricture (p=0.017) as the independent risk factors for early repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Stent migration or dysfunction was the most common underlying cause. Therapeutic interventions were nasobiliary drainage in 13, stent exchange in 4 and stone removal in 2. Additionally, percutaneous drainage in 4 patients, drainage of abscess in 2 patients and percutaneous drainage of gallbladder in 1 patient were performed. Three patients died due to their underlying illness. Conclusions: Unilateral stenting especially in hilar strictures is a predictive factor for early repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with high mortality. These patients should be under close follow-up.     

强直性肌营养不良基因CTG重复数与SEP、MEP对比分析

目的：探讨强直性肌营养不良(DM)患者及其家系成员基因CTG重复数的变化与体感诱发电位(SEP)、经颅刺激运动诱发电位(MEP)的比较。方法：用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增及DNA杂交法对5例临床诊断DM患者及其中3个家系16名成员进行DM基因CTG重复数和SEP、MEP测定。结果：10名正常人CTG重复数19-30个,SEP、 MEP正常5例。 DM患者CTG重复数均在80个以上,其中2例在1 605个以上,明显高于正常人;16名家系成员中除4例正常,余12例CTG重复数均超过正常基因。CTG重复数与临床症状、SEP、MEP有关。结论：DM基因诊断与其临床诊断、SEP、MEP相一致。     

Providing insights into atherosclerosis: A case of multivessel coronary artery disease with an anomalous straightforward vessel spared from atherosclerosis

Atherosclerotic plaques tend to involve arterial localizations in which blood flow is not laminar due to arterial bends and bifurcations. A 49-year-old man was admitted to hospital with breathlessness and was subsequently diagnosed with left ventricular failure. Coronary angiography revealed three-vessel coronary artery disease and an anomalous extra left anterior descending artery taking off from the right sinus of Valsalva and spared from atherosclerosis. The absence of side branches and the relative lack of bends in arterial geometry were considered to be the cause of resistance to atherosclerosis. The present case identifies local flow conditions as an important factor determining the genesis of atherosclerosis in arterial segments.     

Lantana macrophylla Schauer (Verbenaceae) ethanolic extract induces activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs pathway and Ca2+ imbalance in human trophoblasts derived cell lines

Lantana macrophylla Schauer (Verbenaceae) a medicinal plant used to treat menstrual and respiratory disorders was investigated. The ethanolic extract from leaves was subjected to phytochemical and biological analysis. BeWo and JEG-3 cells were used to evaluate human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) production, syncytial formation, Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+ handling protein expression. The cAMP production and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation were also investigated. Phytochemical analysis yield three triterpenes: oleanolic, ursolic and latonolic acid. Viability assay showed no significant cytotoxic effect. A significant decrease in hCG production but not a disturbance on BeWo cell fusion were observed. The cAMP pathway was not affected by L. macrophylla extract alone; although the cAMP production inducted by forskolin was diminished. Both ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs pathways were activated. Increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was observed after 24 h treatment in a time and dose dependent manner; however only L. macrophylla at 10 μg/mL induced increased [Ca2+]i after 10 min treatment. CaBP28K and PMCA1/4 were modulated at protein and mRNA levels, respectively. This study showed for the first time the effect of triterpenoids from L. macrophylla leaves on trophoblasts-like cells and indicates a potential toxic effect of this plant in the placental development and fetal growth.     

丙泊酚对脊髓横断大鼠镇静作用的影响

目的 观察丙泊酚对脊髓横断大鼠镇静作用的影响,并探讨其可能的机制.方法 30只雌性SD大鼠,随机分为三组:脊髓横断组(n=10)、假手术组(n=10)和正常对照组(n=10).静脉泵注丙泊酚,比较三组之间大鼠眼睑反射消失时丙泊酚的用量及所需的时间.结果 脊髓横断组大鼠眼睑反射消失的丙泊酚用量(6.34±0.85)mg/kg明显少于假手术组(11.24±1.09)mg/kg和正常对照组(10.76±1.14)mg/kg(P<0.0001);脊髓横断组大鼠眼睑反射消失所需时间(200±41)s也明显少于假手术组(494±46)s和正常埘照组(465±51)s(P<0.01).结论 脊髓横断可显著降低大鼠丙泊酚的镇静用量,可明显缩短大鼠眼睑反射消失时间,脊髓横断的镇静作用其可能的机制是去传人理论.