有效足量抗生素配合清创手术治疗假体相关感染保留置入假体的疗效分析

目的探讨髋关节与膝关节置换术后假体感染(PJI)的全身和局部抗生素治疗从而保留置换假体的临床疗效。方法自2010-02—2014-09诊治18例髋关节与10例膝关节置换术后感染,处理前均出现感染症状。对于有窦道患者采用手术清创联合规范足量静脉滴注与口服抗生素治疗,对于单纯红肿渗液无窦道患者,进行静脉滴注联合口服抗生素治疗。结果 28例中2例治疗失败,1例双侧髋关节置换术后感染控制后出院失访,余25例均获得随访4个月~4年,平均38个月,均恢复良好,切口愈合,未再发生感染。髋关节感染患者术前Harris评分为(42.3±23.5)分,术后(78.4±12.0)分,手术前后比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.642,P0.001);膝关节感染患者术前HSS评分为(42.9±12.9)分,术后(68.8±25.7)分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.850,P=0.001)。患者的关节功能和生活质量都得到极大改善,抗生素抗感染治疗成功率和假体保存率92.9%。结论诊断明确的髋膝关节置换术后感染,根据患者创口情况选择性进行清创手术并规范联合应用抗生素治疗,可以达到无需取出置入假体控制感染的目的,获得满意的临床疗效。     

后路腰椎椎间融合术中采用延长链接固定治疗腰椎椎间融合术后邻近节段退行性变

目的探讨后路腰椎椎间融合术(PLIF)中采用延长链接固定治疗腰椎椎间融合术后邻近节段退行性变(ASD的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2017年4月—2018年3月上海健康医学院附属浦东新区人民医院收治的25例PLIF术后发生ASD患者的临床资料,均采用延长链接固定PLIF治疗。记录手术时间、术中出血量及并发症情况。采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估临床疗效。测量手术前后腰椎正侧位X线片及CT上腰椎前凸角、椎间隙高度等影像学参数。结果所有手术顺利完成,术后随访3～15个月,平均7.9个月;手术时间90～180 min,平均120 min;术中出血量200～800 mL,平均500 mL。所有患者术后VAS评分及ODI均较术前明显改善,影像学测量结果显示手术节段腰椎前凸角、椎间隙高度分别由术前26.96°±5.03°、(6.80±0.87)mm改善至末次随访时37.58°±1.50°、(11.04±0.68)mm,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。椎间植骨均达到骨性融合。所有患者未出现手术相关并发症。结论 PLIF中采用延长链接固定治疗腰椎椎间融合术后ASD安全、有效,具有操作简便、创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,近期随访临床效果良好。     

利伐沙班对老年股骨粗隆间骨折股骨头置换术后DVT发生的影响研究

目的：：探讨利伐沙班在老年股骨粗隆间骨折股骨头置换术后DVT发生影响。方法：42例采用骨水泥型长柄双极股骨头置换术进行治疗的股骨粗隆间骨折患者,随机分为对照组( n＝21)和观察组( n＝21),分别于术后给予低分子肝素钙和利伐沙班,对比两组患者术前、术后凝血功能指标,记录发生下肢深静脉血栓的情况。结果：两组患者术前和术后14d凝血功能指标无统计学意义( P>0.05);观察组患者的下肢深静脉发生率显著低于对照组(9.5％VS38.1％),差异具有统计学意义(χ2＝22.208,P<0.05)。结论：老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者在股骨头置换术后应用利伐沙班有利于术后下肢深静脉血栓的预防。     

术前低强度慢动作训练对膝骨性关节炎患者全膝关节置换术后早期股四头肌肌力的影响

[目的]探讨术前低强度慢动作训练(LST)对膝骨性关节炎患者全膝关节置换术(TKA)术后早期股四头肌肌力的影响.[方法]选择2015年1月至2020年12月在上海长航医院及上海开元骨科医院行TKA手术的膝骨性关节炎患者86例,按照随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组43例.对照组术前给予药物治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上术前给予LST训练.比较两组患者术前4周、术前1 d和术后股四头肌肌力(QST)、起立-行走计时测试时疼痛程度(VAS)、膝围[髌骨上1 cm处膝围(1 cm KC)和髌骨上10 cm处膝围(10 cm KC)]、大腿体积(TV)等,检测并比较两组患者血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平.[结果]两组患者手术时间和术中出血量比较差异均无统计学意义(P<0.05).术前4周,两组患者QST比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术前1 d,观察组患者QST高于对照组(P<0.05),两组患者术后4 d QST均显著低于术前1 d和术前4周(P<0.05),但观察组术后QST高于对照组(P<0.05).两组患者术后1 cm KC、10 cm KC和TV均较术前4周和术前1 d显著升高(P<0.05),但观察组患者上述指标均低于对照组(P<0.05).两组患者术后QST检测期间VAS、起立-行走计时测试期间VAS和起立-行走计时均较术前1 d显著升高(P<0.05),但观察组上述指标均显著低于同期对照组(P<0.05).观察组术后SOD高于对照组,MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).[结论]LST可改善TKA患者术后股四头肌力量,减轻术后膝部和大腿肿胀,降低患者疼痛程度,耐氧化应激能力增强,值得临床推广应用.     

计算机辅助技术评价成人髋臼发育不良全髋关节置换生物性能分析

BACKGROUND: Currently, total hip arthroplasty is a recognized and preferred method for treatment of adult congenital acetabular dysplasia, however, there were lack of ideal evaluation methods to precisely solve acetabular reconstruction in the process of treatment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the evaluating effects and biological properties of computer aided technology in adult acetabular dysplasia after total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: The clinical data from 80 patients with adult congenital acetabular dysplasia who received the treatment at Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from January 2015 to August 2015 were selected and analyzed. All the enrolled patients underwent total hip arthroplasty. All the patients were randomly divided into control and computer-aided technology groups. CT scanning was conducted in these two groups before replacement. Three-dimensional reconstruction measuring and surgical rehearsal on the acetabular site were conducted using M3D visualization software in the computer-aided technology group. The effects and biological properties of total hip arthroplasty were compared between these two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patients in these two groups primarily healed after replacement. The excellent and good rate, Harris score after treatment, acetabular component, valgus angle and anteversion in the computer-aided technology group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The acetabular cup abduction angle offset degrees, acetabular cup anteversion offset degrees, and the incidences of complications after replacement were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the effect of computer-aided evaluation in adult acetabular dysplasia after total hip arthroplasty is ideal, and can accurately grasp the true acetabular anatomical characteristics and the corresponding relationship with the prosthesis, so as to help patients to choose the proper acetabulum and acetabular prosthesis and reconstruction ways and improve the biological performance of acetabulum after replacement, with a high clinical value.       

膝半月板损伤后关节镜手术不同术式的等速肌力测试分析

目的:回顾性分析关节镜下行半月板缝合修整成型术和射频消融术的疗效差异,以向临床推广合适的术式。方法:对60例膝半月板损伤患者关节镜术后采取半月板缝合修整成型术和射频消融术,采用等速肌力测试比较两组治疗的差异。结果:观察组屈膝60°、120°时膝关节单次最大做功、力矩加速能、屈膝伸肌峰力矩测试和平均做功率均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P?0.05)。结论:半月板缝合修整成型术对膝半月板损伤关节镜手术后患者具有较好的改善,能够明显改善患者的预后状况。     

中医补肾益气活血法预防老年髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成疗效观察

目的探讨中医补肾益气活血法预防髋关节置换术老年患者术后深静脉血栓的临床价值。方法将全髋关节置换术老年患者90例随机平均分为2组,对照组给予西医治疗,治疗组在此基础上给予中医补肾益气活血法治疗,观察2组疗效。结果 2组术后大腿与小腿周径均明显增加,凝血酶原时间、部分凝血酶活化时间、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体水平均明显升高(P均0.05)。治疗组术后凝血酶原时间、部分凝血酶活化时间、纤维蛋白原与D-二聚体水平明显低于对照组(P均0.05)。治疗组术后深静脉血栓发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论老年髋关节置换术后存在发生血液高凝状态以及深静脉血栓的高风险,而中医补肾益气活血疗法能够有效缓解高凝状态,减少大腿肿胀,降低下肢深静脉血栓发生率,具有较高的临床价值。