调节性CD4+T细胞在大鼠自发肝移植耐受中的作用

目的 探讨在肝移植的自发耐受模型中，调节性CD4^＋T细胞的免疫抑制作用机制。方法 利用近交系大鼠从Lewis（LEW）到Wistar Furth（WF）的肝移植组合，对移植后不同时期的宿主注射抗CD4的单克隆抗体（Anti-CD4mAb），然后抽血检测丙氨酸氨基转氨酶（ALT）的动态变化；并结合细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）试验了解宿主脾细胞中T细胞亚群的动态改变。结果 对肝移植自然生存的宿主注射Afiti—CD4mAb后，术后第21天、42天均能够诱导出肝损害（排斥反应），但第56天、100天以上的则未能诱导出来，且该损害能被抗CD8单克隆抗体阻断。另外CTL试验显示宿主的脾细胞中，初始型CTL前体细胞在移植56d后未能检测出来。结论 在自发性肝耐受模型中。宿主术后早期存在由CD4^＋T细胞介导的下调原始效应性T细胞的作用机制。     

肝移植后供肝和宿主免疫学状态的变化

目的观察供肝免疫原性和宿主对供体抗原反应能力的动态改变。方法利用近交系LEW到WF的大鼠肝移植自发免疫耐受模型,取出不同时期的供肝,分别刺激长期生存的WF宿主,观察能否诱导出肝损害；另外对LEW→WF肝移植后不同时期的宿主,再次给予供体抗原刺激。结果(1)移植后第1、2天的同种移植肝,可激起长期生存的宿主出现暂时性肝损害(121±33、83±21),但第3天以后的则不能(28±9)。(2)给予供体同源的脾细胞刺激后,移植后7、14、28 d的宿主均未能诱导肝损害(56±17、66±11、61±35),但第56、84或112天的宿主均可被诱导出暂时性肝损害(98±25、158±43、330±82)。结论(1)肝移植后供肝的免疫原性在术后3 d基本消失。(2)移植术后1个月内宿主对供体抗原的刺激是处于低(无)反应状态的。     

氟比洛芬酯用于腹部手术后镇痛的临床观察

目的评价氟比洛芬酯注射液用于腹部手术术后镇痛的安全性和有效性。方法将45例行开腹胆囊切除术的患者随机分成3组,A组注射氟比洛芬酯注射液,B组按需求肌注度冷丁2mg/kg,C组采用硬膜外患者自控镇痛。术后2、4、12、24h进行模糊视觉疼痛评分(VAS)法评分,监测患者的心率、呼吸、血压及脉搏氧饱和度,并记录副反应。结果A组无1例加用度冷丁,A组和C组术后2、12和24h的VAS分值均明显低于B组(p<0.05)。3组恶心呕吐的发生率无显著性差异(p>0.05)。结论氟比洛芬酯注射液用于腹部手术术后镇痛,持续、有效、经济,使用方便,不良反应少。     

终末期肝病模型评分在原发性肝癌合并肝硬化脾功能亢进外科治疗中的作用

目的 探讨终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分评估肝储备功能在原发性肝癌合并肝硬化脾功能亢进中确定手术适应证的应用价值.方法 对2001年1月至2007年1月间行肝癌切除联合脾切除(联合术)治疗的40例原发性肝癌合并肝硬化脾功能亢进患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.通过MELD评分与Child-Pugh分级比较,结合临床资料及术后并发症分析,确定这一方法在评估肝储备功能中的作用.结果 同一Child-Pugh分级的患者MELD评分结果并不一致,在各级别间有交错现象.术后发生肝功能衰竭组(6例)的MELD评分均值为(24.6±6.6).未发生肝功能衰竭组(34例)的MELD评分均值为(16.3±8.5),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).根据MELD评分分为A组16例(MELD评分<10),B组17例(MELD评分10-20),C组7例(MELD评分>20).A组术后肝功能衰竭发生率为0,B组为11.8%(2/17),C组为57.1%(4/7),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).根据Child-Pugh分级分为Ⅰ级26例,Ⅱ级14例.Ⅰ级术后肝功能衰竭发生率为15.4%(4/26),Ⅱ级为14.3%(2/14),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 MELD评分能够较为客观地反映肝储备功能,对外科术式的选择、手术时机的确定有一定的参考作用.     

体外不同比例再生肝细胞与结肠癌细胞的共培养

Objective To investigate the proliferation potential of colon cancer cells co-cultured with different proportions regenerating hepatocytes and role of the cell growth factors related to liver regeneration in vitro.Methods Active regenerating hepatocytes were obtained by collagenase perfusion in situ of rats models underwent 70% liver resection after 24 hours.Co-cultures with different proportions of hepatocytes to human colon cell line SW480 were performed respectively.The proportion of hepatocytes to human colon cell line SW480 Was 10:1 in group A,1:1 in group B.There was only human colon cell line SW480 in group C(control group).Proliferation capacity was assessed with the percentage by 3H-thy incorporation.Concentration of epidermal growth factor(EGF),insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)and hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)was analyzed by ELISA.Results There was no significant difference among the 3 groups in 3H-thy incorporation percentage,and concentration of EGF,IGF-land HGF after 24 hours' culture(P>0.05).3H-thy incorporation percentage(15.9±1.4,13.2±1.5),and concerntration of EGF [(722.9±55.4)ng/L,(498.2+41.5)ng/L]and IGF-1[(755.2±35.7)ng/L,(538.1±37.5)ng/L]in Group A and B were higher than that in group C after 72 hours(P<0.05).Especially the indexes above in group A were higher than that in group B(P<0.05).there was no significant difference in concerntration of HGF among the 3 groups after 72 hours(P>O.05).Conclusions These results imply that the regenerating hepatocytes contribute to the hyperproliferative state of co-culturing colon cancer cells.The mechanism maybe have relationship with EGF and IGF-1 high expression in colon cancer cells caused by growth signals coming from hepatocytes.     

体外不同比例再生肝细胞与结肠癌细胞的共培养

Objective To investigate the proliferation potential of colon cancer cells co-cultured with different proportions regenerating hepatocytes and role of the cell growth factors related to liver regeneration in vitro.Methods Active regenerating hepatocytes were obtained by collagenase perfusion in situ of rats models underwent 70% liver resection after 24 hours.Co-cultures with different proportions of hepatocytes to human colon cell line SW480 were performed respectively.The proportion of hepatocytes to human colon cell line SW480 Was 10:1 in group A,1:1 in group B.There was only human colon cell line SW480 in group C(control group).Proliferation capacity was assessed with the percentage by 3H-thy incorporation.Concentration of epidermal growth factor(EGF),insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)and hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)was analyzed by ELISA.Results There was no significant difference among the 3 groups in 3H-thy incorporation percentage,and concentration of EGF,IGF-land HGF after 24 hours' culture(P>0.05).3H-thy incorporation percentage(15.9±1.4,13.2±1.5),and concerntration of EGF [(722.9±55.4)ng/L,(498.2+41.5)ng/L]and IGF-1[(755.2±35.7)ng/L,(538.1±37.5)ng/L]in Group A and B were higher than that in group C after 72 hours(P<0.05).Especially the indexes above in group A were higher than that in group B(P<0.05).there was no significant difference in concerntration of HGF among the 3 groups after 72 hours(P>O.05).Conclusions These results imply that the regenerating hepatocytes contribute to the hyperproliferative state of co-culturing colon cancer cells.The mechanism maybe have relationship with EGF and IGF-1 high expression in colon cancer cells caused by growth signals coming from hepatocytes.     

肠系膜坏死增生性淋巴结炎误诊阑尾炎1例

患者，男，47岁。因反复右下腹疼痛3周，加重半天入院。患者持续性钝痛，无向他处放射，伴低热，无消化道其他症状，二便正常，体重无明显变化。曾于急诊拟诊腹痛查因，予抗感染（用药不详）治疗后好转，但是症状反复。上述症状半天前加重后门诊拟急性阑尾炎收入院。查体：全身皮肤巩膜无黄染，全身淋巴结未触及肿大，右下腹麦氏点压痛反跳痛明显，右下腹未触及包块，肠鸣音正常，移动性浊音（-），余体格检查均未见阳性发现。     

2型糖尿病患者行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术临床研究

目的:探讨胆总管结石合并2型糖尿病患者行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术(LCBDE)的可行性、安全性及有效性.方法:回顾性分析2009年12月-2012年12月采用LCBDE治疗的58例合并2型糖尿病(糖尿病组)及同期58例无糖尿病(非糖尿病组)胆总管结石患者的临床资料,比较两组术前、术中及术后的情况.结果:两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、开始进食时间、术后住院时间及中转开腹方面,差异均无统计学意义(t/x 2=3.921,6.940,1.332,1.270,0.342,均P＞0.05).两组术后电解质紊乱、胆管炎、胆瘘、切口感染、肺部感染发生率比较,差异亦均无统计学意义(×2=0.438,0.537,0.342,1.036,0.342,均P＞0.05).两组均无术后结石残余、胆管狭窄及死亡病例.结论:合并2型糖尿病的胆总管结石患者在围手术期严格控制血糖,术中仔细操作的前提下,行LCBDE是可行的、安全的、有效的.     

3D打印技术在肝脏外科应用现状及展望

随着3D打印技术在医学领域的蓬勃发展,传统医学正向着数字化精准医学转换。精准肝脏外科的特点是通过术前精准评估和手术规划、术中精细解剖止血而使患者获得最佳康复。3D技术通过影像学数据构建出肝脏仿真模型,可以让外科医师从三维角度上充分认识肝脏,从而更好完成术前评估与规划。生物3D打印作为近年新兴的学科,未来有望解决肝移植手术供体短缺、肝脏切除术后残肝体积不足等问题。     

乳腺神经内分泌癌3例诊治分析

目的:探讨乳腺神经内分泌癌的临床特点及诊治要点。方法:回顾性分析湖南省人民医院从2013年—2017年收治的3例乳腺神经内分泌癌的临床病理资料。结果:患者均为女性;年龄31~39岁;肿块大小0.5~4.0 cm;2例以乳房肿块就诊,1例以乳头溢液就诊;3例超声表现均为低回声结节;1例行改良根治术,1例行保留乳头乳晕改良根治+一期假体乳房再造术,1例行单纯乳房切除术。组织病理学形态包括实质性癌2例,小细胞性癌1例。免疫组化示3例嗜铬粒蛋白A(CgA)及突触素(Syn)阳性,2例神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)阳性。随访时间6~32个月,1例术后6个月因肝转移而死亡,另2例均无瘤生存。结论:乳腺神经内分泌癌是一种罕见的特殊类型乳腺癌,临床表现及影像学特征通常无特异性,诊断金标准是病理学及免疫组化检测,其治疗是以手术治疗为主的综合治疗,小细胞乳腺神经内分泌癌的预后差。