肝硬变门脉高压症血流动力学评估中MRA的临床应用

目的探讨磁共振血管成像(MRA)在门静脉高压症血流动力学研究中的应用价值。方法对38例肝硬变门静脉高压症病人和12例非肝硬变对照组病人进行MRA检查，检测门静脉系统解剖形态成像和血流量变化，分别与间接门静脉造影(IPVG)和多普勒超声(DUS)的结果进行比较。结果MRA成像结果优于IPVG，能很好显示门静脉系统各属支，对流速、流量的测定与DUS有良好相关性。结论MRA能较好显示门静脉系统解剖影像，并可测得其流速、流量，应成为门静脉高压症患者血流动力学研究的首选方法。     

CO2气腹环境对胃癌细胞黏附与侵袭转移的影响

Objective To investigate the influence of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on the adhesive and invasive ability of gastric cancer cells based on the expression of adhesive and invasive molecules. Methods With an artificial CO2 pneumoperitoneum model in vitro, human gastric cancer cells MKN-45, SGC-7901 and MKN-28 were exposed to 3 different CO2 gradients: 9 mm Hg, 15 mm Hg and control group (0 mm Hg). The expression of E-cadherin, ICAM-1, MMP-2 and VEGF-A were measured at 2 and 4 hours exposure by using RT-PCR, CytoMatrixTM kit and ECMatrixTM kit. The pretreated gastric cancer cells were injected into abdominal cavity of nude mice(2×106 cells per mouse). Five mice in each group were sacrificed 4 weeks later to record the number of tumor nodules in abdominal cavity. The remaining mice were kept for observation of survival time. Results The expression of E-cadherin (MKN-45: from 2.26 to 2.19, SGC-7901 :from 2.16 to 2.09、MKN-28 :from 2.06 to 1.99), ICAM-1 (MKN-45 : from 2.20 to 2.28、SGC-7901: from 2.10 to 2.18、MKN-28: from 2.00 to 2.08), MMP-2 (MKN-45:from 2.05 to 2.13、SGC-7901: from 1.95 to 2.03、MKN-28: from 1.85 to 1.93) and VEGF-A(MKN-45 : from 2.10 to 2.16、SGC-7901 :from 2.00 to 2.06、MKN-28: from 1.90 to 1.96) didn't change significantly with increasing pressure and time (P>0.05). The expression of adhesive and invasive molecules didn't change significantly between the experimental groups and the control group. There was no statistical significance of tumor metastasis in abdominal cavity of nude mice(MKN-45:from 22 to 23、SGC-7901 :from 20 to 22、MKN-28:from 21 to 22) and survival time(MKN-45 :from 23 to 21、SGC-7901 :from 22 to 21、MKN-28 :from 22 to 21) among all the groups. Conclusion Under low pressure and short time of CO2 exposure, the adhesive and invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells did not change significantly hence did not increase the possibility of neoplasm metastasis.     

急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成的诊治体会

目的探讨肠系膜静脉血栓形成(Mesenteric venous thrombosis)的诊断及治疗。方法分析7例急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成的临床表现、实验室及影像学检查和术中所见、病理等。结果7例患者均急诊行剖腹探查，术中发现肠系膜静脉部分栓塞，均行部分小肠切除术。结论肠系膜静脉血栓形成的早期诊断较为困难，CT与血管造影较为敏感。对高度怀疑本病或有腹膜炎体征者，应立即剖腹探查，切除坏死肠管。     

CO2气腹环境对胃癌细胞黏附与侵袭转移的影响

Objective To investigate the influence of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on the adhesive and invasive ability of gastric cancer cells based on the expression of adhesive and invasive molecules. Methods With an artificial CO2 pneumoperitoneum model in vitro, human gastric cancer cells MKN-45, SGC-7901 and MKN-28 were exposed to 3 different CO2 gradients: 9 mm Hg, 15 mm Hg and control group (0 mm Hg). The expression of E-cadherin, ICAM-1, MMP-2 and VEGF-A were measured at 2 and 4 hours exposure by using RT-PCR, CytoMatrixTM kit and ECMatrixTM kit. The pretreated gastric cancer cells were injected into abdominal cavity of nude mice(2×106 cells per mouse). Five mice in each group were sacrificed 4 weeks later to record the number of tumor nodules in abdominal cavity. The remaining mice were kept for observation of survival time. Results The expression of E-cadherin (MKN-45: from 2.26 to 2.19, SGC-7901 :from 2.16 to 2.09、MKN-28 :from 2.06 to 1.99), ICAM-1 (MKN-45 : from 2.20 to 2.28、SGC-7901: from 2.10 to 2.18、MKN-28: from 2.00 to 2.08), MMP-2 (MKN-45:from 2.05 to 2.13、SGC-7901: from 1.95 to 2.03、MKN-28: from 1.85 to 1.93) and VEGF-A(MKN-45 : from 2.10 to 2.16、SGC-7901 :from 2.00 to 2.06、MKN-28: from 1.90 to 1.96) didn't change significantly with increasing pressure and time (P>0.05). The expression of adhesive and invasive molecules didn't change significantly between the experimental groups and the control group. There was no statistical significance of tumor metastasis in abdominal cavity of nude mice(MKN-45:from 22 to 23、SGC-7901 :from 20 to 22、MKN-28:from 21 to 22) and survival time(MKN-45 :from 23 to 21、SGC-7901 :from 22 to 21、MKN-28 :from 22 to 21) among all the groups. Conclusion Under low pressure and short time of CO2 exposure, the adhesive and invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells did not change significantly hence did not increase the possibility of neoplasm metastasis.     

从瘀毒角度运用治未病思想防治肺结节

肺结节是指肺内出现的不规则病灶,影像学表现为高密度阴影。基于中医学对瘀、毒的认识,以 及肺结节的临床表现,对肺结节的防治进行探讨,分析认为瘀、毒既可以是肺结节的病理产物,也可以是致病 因素,且贯穿疾病的始终。肺结节疾病发展可分为三个阶段,第一阶段是邪犯肺脏,积聚成瘀;第二阶段是邪 毒炽盛,痹阻肺络;第三阶段是正气亏虚,瘀毒搏结。因部分肺结节可发展为早期肺癌病变,鉴于疾病转归的 特殊性,提出运用中医治未病思想防治肺结节,可根据瘀、毒作用的强弱、时间节点及位置,结合肺结节证候 演变的全过程,抓住存在的时间节点,判定结节的性质,确立治则治法,针对性控制病情,防止传变。     

铁皮石斛试管苗壮苗培养基的研究

目的:研究铁皮石斛试管苗生产中,壮苗阶段的适宜培养基。方法:对基本培养基、天然提取物、香蕉提取物浓度和激素种类的选择进行了研究。结果:基本培养基以B₅或1/2MS为好;天然提取物应选用香蕉水提物,香蕉水提物浓度为10%;植物激素是2mg/L的NAA较好。结论:以上培养基组成是铁皮石斛试管苗壮苗的适宜培养基。     

2型糖尿病患者行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术临床研究

目的:探讨胆总管结石合并2型糖尿病患者行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术(LCBDE)的可行性、安全性及有效性.方法:回顾性分析2009年12月-2012年12月采用LCBDE治疗的58例合并2型糖尿病(糖尿病组)及同期58例无糖尿病(非糖尿病组)胆总管结石患者的临床资料,比较两组术前、术中及术后的情况.结果:两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、开始进食时间、术后住院时间及中转开腹方面,差异均无统计学意义(t/x 2=3.921,6.940,1.332,1.270,0.342,均P＞0.05).两组术后电解质紊乱、胆管炎、胆瘘、切口感染、肺部感染发生率比较,差异亦均无统计学意义(×2=0.438,0.537,0.342,1.036,0.342,均P＞0.05).两组均无术后结石残余、胆管狭窄及死亡病例.结论:合并2型糖尿病的胆总管结石患者在围手术期严格控制血糖,术中仔细操作的前提下,行LCBDE是可行的、安全的、有效的.     

3D打印技术在肝脏外科应用现状及展望

随着3D打印技术在医学领域的蓬勃发展,传统医学正向着数字化精准医学转换。精准肝脏外科的特点是通过术前精准评估和手术规划、术中精细解剖止血而使患者获得最佳康复。3D技术通过影像学数据构建出肝脏仿真模型,可以让外科医师从三维角度上充分认识肝脏,从而更好完成术前评估与规划。生物3D打印作为近年新兴的学科,未来有望解决肝移植手术供体短缺、肝脏切除术后残肝体积不足等问题。     

乳腺神经内分泌癌3例诊治分析

目的:探讨乳腺神经内分泌癌的临床特点及诊治要点。方法:回顾性分析湖南省人民医院从2013年—2017年收治的3例乳腺神经内分泌癌的临床病理资料。结果:患者均为女性;年龄31~39岁;肿块大小0.5~4.0 cm;2例以乳房肿块就诊,1例以乳头溢液就诊;3例超声表现均为低回声结节;1例行改良根治术,1例行保留乳头乳晕改良根治+一期假体乳房再造术,1例行单纯乳房切除术。组织病理学形态包括实质性癌2例,小细胞性癌1例。免疫组化示3例嗜铬粒蛋白A(CgA)及突触素(Syn)阳性,2例神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)阳性。随访时间6~32个月,1例术后6个月因肝转移而死亡,另2例均无瘤生存。结论:乳腺神经内分泌癌是一种罕见的特殊类型乳腺癌,临床表现及影像学特征通常无特异性,诊断金标准是病理学及免疫组化检测,其治疗是以手术治疗为主的综合治疗,小细胞乳腺神经内分泌癌的预后差。     

微清蛋白尿的检测在肝癌患者术后液体治疗中的应用价值

目的：探讨微清蛋白尿的检测在肝癌患者术后液体治疗中的应用价值。 方法：选择接受手术治疗的肝癌患者作为对象，出现微清蛋白尿者观察组（26例），未出现微清蛋白尿者对照组（34例），检测肾功能指标、免疫功能指标，观察脏器积液情况。 结果：观察组患者血肌酐、血尿素氮、24小时尿蛋白、CD8+含量、脏器积液的例数和引流量均明显高于对照组，内生肌酐清除率和CD3+，CD4+，CD4+/CD8+，NK含量明显低于对照组。 结论：微量清蛋白尿对于判断肝癌术后液体治疗的机体状态具有积极意义。