撬顶复位植骨治疗Hill-Sachs损伤的解剖学研究

目的 探讨在瞄准器配合下通过骨隧道撬顶复位+填塞植骨矫正Hill-Sachs损伤的可行性.方法将30具肩关节标本分为三组,每组10具标本,按照肱骨头凹陷性骨缺损的10%(A组)、20%(B组)和30%(C组)复制Hill-Sachs损伤.先埘各组骨缺损进行测量,再住瞄准器配合下,通过骨隧道对B组和C组进行撬顶复位,填塞植骨;然后采用配对t检验对B组和C组骨缺损在复位前后的横向弧长度、纵向弧长度、深度和体积进行分析比较.结果复位前B组和C组骨缺损的横向弧长度为(10.9 ±1.4)mm和(16.3 ±2.3)mm;纵向弧长度为(22.4±2.4)mm和(28.0 ±2.2)mm;深度为(6.9±0.9)mm和(11.1 ±0.9)mm;体积为(708.7 ±93.9)mm3和(1 338.3 ±185.6)mm3.复位后B组和C组骨缺损的横向弧长度为(5.1 ±2.4)mm 和(7.6±3.6)mm;纵向弧长度为(10.5±4.9)mm和(12.3±5.3)mm;深度为(0.3 ±0.1)mm和(0.4±0.1)mm;体积为(48.9 ±16.1)mm3和(70.3±37.9)mm3.两组所有参数进行手术前后的配对比较显示,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 在瞄准器配合下,通过骨隧道撬顶复位,填塞植骨能够有效修复肱骨头凹陷性骨缺损为20%～30%的Hill-Sachs损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To determine whether the poking reduction and bone grafting technique with guide through bony tunnel can correct a Hill-Sachs lesion. Methods A total of 30 cadaveric humeri were equally divided into three groups, 10 cadaveric humeri per group. Hill-Sachs lesions were replicated with a osseous defect involving 10% (group A ) , 20% (group B ) and 30% (group C ) of the articular surface. All the bone defects in each group were measured and the poking reduction and bone grafting technique with guide through a bony tunnel was performed in group B and group C. The preoperative and postoperative transverse arc length, longitudinal are length, depth and volume of the osseous defects in group B and group C were compared by using paired t test. Results Before reduction, the transverse arc length of the bone defects was ( 10.9 ± 1.4 )mm in group B and ( 16.3 ± 2.3 ) mm in group C ; longitudinal arc length was ( 22.4 ± 2.4 ) mm in group B and ( 28.0 ± 2.2 ) mm in group C ;depth was (6.9±0.9) mm in group B and (11. 1 ±0.9) mm in group C; volume was (708.7±93.9) mm3 in group B and (1338.3 ± 185.6) mm3 in group C. After reduction, the transverse arc length of the bone defects was (5.1 ± 2.4 ) mm in group B and ( 7.6 ± 3.6 ) mm in group C ; longitudinal arc lengthwas (10.5 ±4.9) mm in group B and (12.3 ±5.3) mm in group C; depth was (0.3±0.1 ) mm in group B and (0.4 ±0.1 ) mm in group C; volume was (48.9 ± 16.1 )mm3 in group B and (70.3 ± 37.9) mm3 in group C. The comparison of all the parameters showed statistical difference (P <0. 01 ). Conclusion The poking reduction and bone grafting technique with guide through a bony tunnel can effectively correct the Hill-Sachs lesions with humeral head osseous defects involving 20% -30% of the articular surface.     

椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的非骨水泥渗漏相关并发症

目的:分析椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的非骨水泥渗漏相关并发症。方法:自2008年10月至2012年10月,178例胸腰椎压缩骨折患者,在局麻下行椎体后凸成形术治疗;其中男72例,女106例;年龄58～92岁,平均75.3岁。共224节椎体,胸椎93节,腰椎131节。对患者术中及术后出现的并发症进行记录,分析椎体后凸成形术非骨水泥渗漏相关并发症。结果:所有患者顺利完成手术,无死亡病例。随访时间12～60个月,平均26.2个月。发生骨水泥渗漏27例,占15.1%;非骨水泥渗漏相关并发症15例,其中心脏骤停1例,经心肺复苏,抢救成功,无后遗症;呼吸暂停1例,经抢救恢复;血压下降、心率减慢3例;肠梗阻1例;局部血肿2例;肋间神经痛1例;骨水泥致椎体骨折分离2例;邻椎骨折4例。结论:非骨水泥渗漏相关并发症不常见,心肺并发症是椎体后凸成形术中风险最大的非骨水泥渗漏相关并发症,其可能原因与骨水泥的毒性、神经反射、脂肪栓塞以及椎体内压力变化有关。     

局麻下椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的: 探讨椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性骨折的临床疗效. 方法: 自2007年5月至2010年5月,局麻下采用椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折129例,男47例,女82例;年龄61～92岁,平均73.7岁;胸椎88节,腰椎101节. 观察手术前后VAS评分的变化、椎体高度改变、局部Cobb角的改善情况. 结果: 所有患者顺利完成手术,随访时间24～60个月,平均34.2个月. 腰痛VAS评分术前为7.9±2.5,术后2周、末次随访时分别为2.8±1.8、3.0±2.2,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).椎体高度术后得到部分恢复,Cobb角术前(28.3±13.7)°,术后2周、末次随访时分别为(16.2±9.8)°、(19.1±10.3)°,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).术中发生骨水泥外漏23例(17.8%),其中1例出现短暂神经根压迫症状. 术后发生呼吸暂停1例,经抢救恢复;肠梗阻1例,经治疗好转;骨水泥致椎体骨折分离1例;邻椎骨折4例. 结论: 椎体后凸成形术是治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折的微创外科手术,其创伤小,止痛效果好,可有效维持骨折稳定,近期、中期疗效肯定,远期有待继续随访. 手术适应证的掌握及手术技术的提高是防止并发症的关键,其中骨水泥外漏是最常见的并发症.     

前后关节囊入路对全髋关节置换术后早期外展肌影响的病例对照研究

目的 :探讨前关节囊入路和后关节囊入路对全髋关节置换术后早期髋关节外展肌力及外展功能的影响。方法:自2009年5月至2011年4月共施行全髋置换术149例,随访130例,分为改良Gibson前外侧切口的前关节囊入路(A组)65例和常规Gibson后外侧切口的后关节囊入路(B组)65例。A组男26例,女39例;年龄(72.5±8.3)岁;体重指数(24.7±3.7)kg/m2;健侧外展肌力(1.08±0.49)N·m/kg。B组男30例,女35例;年龄(71.6±7.1)岁;体重指数(25.5±3.9)kg/m2;健侧外展肌力(1.05±0.51)N·m/kg。另外招募60名60~80岁志愿者作为年龄相关对照组,男33例,女32例;年龄(73.1±7.5)岁;体重指数(24.2±3.8)kg/m2;股外侧肌力(1.17±0.53)N·m/kg。A组、B组及年龄相关对照组在年龄、体重指数及健侧外展肌力(骨折患者采取健侧测量)方面差异无统计学意义。分别测量和记录两组术后第1、2、3、6、12个月术髋股外侧肌肌力、髋关节外展活动角度及髋关节Harris评分。对两组手术路径进行解剖学比较,并对股外侧肌肌力、髋关节外展度及功能的恢复进行量化分析和比较。结果:术后1、2、3、6、12个月股外侧肌肌力A组分别为(0.53±0.13)、(0.66±0.21)、(0.85±0.15)、(0.95±0.19)、(1.03±0.13)N·m/kg,B组分别为(0.46±0.14)、(0.57±0.18)、(0.78±0.12)、(0.85±0.18)、(0.98±0.14)N·m/kg,术后前6个月A组患者股外侧肌肌力优于B组,术后12个月两组患者股外侧肌肌力差异无统计学意义;术后1、2、3、6、12个月髋关节外展角度A组分别为(25.35±4.31)°、(36.53±5.13)°、(48.07±1.62)°、(61.53±1.77)°、(68.62±3.16)°,B组分别为(23.47±2.41)°、(33.42±4.23)°、(46.64±2.51)°、(60.96±1.75)°、(67.47±4.36)°,前3个月A组患者髋关节外展角度大于B组。术后1、2、3、6、12个月Harris评分,A组分别为72.23±2.57、79.36±3.91、84.75±3.17、88.63±2.16和95.21±1.37,B组分别为71.58±3.62、78.96±2.21、83.97±3.57、87.92±2.94和94.83±1.62,两组差异无统计学意义。同时,A组手术入路肌肉累及和损伤少于B组,尤其是外展肌的损伤少于B组。结论:两种关节囊入路的全髋关节置换术,采用改良Gibson切口前关节囊入路术中对外展肌的手术干扰更少,术后早期外展肌肌力和外展活动度恢复更快。     

撬顶复位植骨治疗Hill-Sachs损伤的解剖学研究

Objective To determine whether the poking reduction and bone grafting technique with guide through bony tunnel can correct a Hill-Sachs lesion. Methods A total of 30 cadaveric humeri were equally divided into three groups, 10 cadaveric humeri per group. Hill-Sachs lesions were replicated with a osseous defect involving 10% (group A ) , 20% (group B ) and 30% (group C ) of the articular surface. All the bone defects in each group were measured and the poking reduction and bone grafting technique with guide through a bony tunnel was performed in group B and group C. The preoperative and postoperative transverse arc length, longitudinal are length, depth and volume of the osseous defects in group B and group C were compared by using paired t test. Results Before reduction, the transverse arc length of the bone defects was ( 10.9 ± 1.4 )mm in group B and ( 16.3 ± 2.3 ) mm in group C ; longitudinal arc length was ( 22.4 ± 2.4 ) mm in group B and ( 28.0 ± 2.2 ) mm in group C ;depth was (6.9±0.9) mm in group B and (11. 1 ±0.9) mm in group C; volume was (708.7±93.9) mm3 in group B and (1338.3 ± 185.6) mm3 in group C. After reduction, the transverse arc length of the bone defects was (5.1 ± 2.4 ) mm in group B and ( 7.6 ± 3.6 ) mm in group C ; longitudinal arc lengthwas (10.5 ±4.9) mm in group B and (12.3 ±5.3) mm in group C; depth was (0.3±0.1 ) mm in group B and (0.4 ±0.1 ) mm in group C; volume was (48.9 ± 16.1 )mm3 in group B and (70.3 ± 37.9) mm3 in group C. The comparison of all the parameters showed statistical difference (P <0. 01 ). Conclusion The poking reduction and bone grafting technique with guide through a bony tunnel can effectively correct the Hill-Sachs lesions with humeral head osseous defects involving 20% -30% of the articular surface.