罗格列酮对2型糖尿病患者冠脉支架内再狭窄的预防作用

目的 探讨罗格列酮对2型糖尿病患者行冠脉成形及支架植入术后支架内再狭窄的预防作用。方法 选择行冠脉成形及支架植入术的2型糖尿病患者60例。在原有降糖药物治疗的基础上，研究组(n=31)加服罗格列酮；对照组(n=29)用药方案不变。术后随访6mo，观察患者死亡、急性心肌梗死及再次血管重建术等心血管事件的发生情况，在随访结束时行活动平板检查，结果 阳性的再次行选择性冠脉造影术。结果2组患者随访期间均无死亡、急性心肌梗死等心血管事件发生。6mo内研究组9例再次心绞痛发作，5例活动平板试验阳性，其中5例(16．1％)冠脉支架内再狭窄；而对照组18例再次心绞痛发作，其中15例活动平板阳性，15例(48．4％)冠脉造影术证实支架内再狭窄，2组再狭窄对比有显著差异(P=0．013)。结论 对于2型糖尿病合并冠心病行冠脉成形及支架植入术患者，罗格列酮能有效降低支架内再狭窄。     

经皮摘取血管内折断导管及迷失导线的方法

经皮摘取血管内折断导管及迷失导线的方法陈纪言，周颖玲，陈传荣用爪形钳及篮形摘取器经皮摘取血管内折断导管及迷失导线５例。有一例迷失导线的游离端位于右股静脉和上腔静脉。经左锁骨下静脉置入篮形摘取器到上腔静脉，捕捉导线的游离端后顺利取出导线。对于一些病例，...     

高钾摄入对家兔血管内皮损伤后的抗增生作用

目的：观察高钾摄入对血管内皮损伤后的抗增生功能，探讨其对再狭窄的预防作用。方法：高脂饲养家兔分为钾剂治疗组（3％KCl100ml/d）和对照组，经髂动脉球囊扩张术建立血管内皮损伤模型，另设正常饮食和非髂动脉球囊扩张术的空白对照组，观察术后脂质过氧状况、血小板聚集功能、血管条3H-TdR掺入量和血管病理形态学改变。结果：（1）对照组MDA和PRMA均较空白组和治疗组显著升高（术后7天P＜0．05，术后30天P＜0.01），而空白组与治疗组之间无明显差异（P＞0．05）；对照组和治疗组SOD在术后30天均较空白组下降（P＜0．05）。（2）对照组3H－TdR掺入量较空白组明显升高（术后7天P＜0．01，术后30天P＜0．05），治疗组3H．TdR掺入量则较对照组明显下降（术后7天P＜0．01，术后30天P＜0．05）。（3）对照组管腔面积较治疗组明显减小（术后30天P＜0．01），而新生内膜面积、新生内膜面积／中膜面积治疗组显著低于对照组（术后7天P＜0.05），术后30天（P＜0．01）。结论：钾具有抗内膜增殖、抗氧化、抗血小板聚集等作用，可有效地抑制血管内皮损伤后再狭窄的发生。     

静脉注射美托洛尔治疗电击抵抗性心室颤动3例

心室颤动是心脏骤停的主要原因之一，电除颤行之有效，能提高心肺复苏的成功率，但当很短的时间内反复发生心心室颤动(多于3次)，产生电击抵抗性心室颤动时(shock-resistant ventricular fibrillation)。如何提高这部分患者的除颤成功率成了摆在临床医生面前的课题。我院3例近期出现电击抵抗性心室颤动的急性心肌梗死患者，在抢救过程中尝试静脉应用β受体阻滞药美托洛尔，收到很好的临床效果。     

褪黑素对血管内皮细胞损伤的保护作用及机制

目的研究褪黑素对脂多糖引起的人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤的保护作用,以及对其机制探讨。方法在体外建立脂多糖血管内皮细胞损伤模型,添加不同浓度的褪黑素（低剂量组100μmol／L,高剂量组500μmol／L）,采用MTT法观察褪黑素对血管内皮细胞存活率的影响;用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,细胞免疫荧光技术检测细胞色素C的释放;用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法测定细胞裂解液中超氧化物歧化酶的浓度;用划痕修复实验检测血管内皮细胞的迁移功能。结果脂多糖损伤后,血管内皮细胞存活率减少约50％,凋亡细胞百分比增加35．7％,细胞色素c大量释放到细胞质中,细胞裂解液中超氧化物歧化酶浓度下降约50％,且血管内皮细胞的迁移能力受损。加入褪黑素后,可明显减轻脂多糖对细胞的损伤作用,恢复细胞存活率至70％-80％,减少细胞凋亡率至15．1％-20．6％,保护细胞的迁移能力,且呈剂量依赖性,高剂量组的效果明显好于低剂量组,各指标差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论褪黑素可保护和修复脂多糖引起的血管内皮细胞损伤,其作用途径可能与抑制细胞凋亡．减轻氧化损伤以及保护迁移功能有关。     

基线低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和脂蛋白（a）浓度升高预示冠状动脉支架术后高风险

目的 观察冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）患者基线脂蛋白（a）浓度升高是否可预测冠状动脉支架植入术后高风险.方法 本研究入选832例行冠状动脉支架植入术的患者,于冠状动脉支架植入术前收集患者的基线临床资料,依据基线脂蛋白（a）浓度分为脂蛋白（a）浓度较高组（≥300 mg/L）和脂蛋白（a）浓度较低组（＜300 mg/L）.另外,依据基线的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）浓度,将两组患者分别分为LDL-C ＜1.8 mmol/L和LDL-C≥1.8 mmol/L两个亚组.对所有入选患者,于出院后进行电话随访,比较各组的临床终点（主要心血管事件）,包括心血管死亡,非致死性心肌梗死,缺血性脑卒中和冠状动脉血运重建.结果 高脂蛋白（a）组急性冠状动脉综合征和3支血管病变患者比例显著高于低脂蛋白（a）组,差异有统计学意义（67％ vs.78％,P=0.001;35.5％ vs.48.2％,P=0.001）.另外,在LDL-C ＜1.8 mmol/L亚组,脂蛋白（a）高和低浓度组之间临床预后比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.而在LDL-C≥1.8 mmol/L亚组,脂蛋白（a）高浓度组的主要心血管事件和冠状动脉重建的发生率显著高于脂蛋白（a）低浓度组,差异有统计学意义（26.1％ vs.16.6％,P=0.018; 15.4％ vs.7.5％,P=0.006）,且冠状动脉重建的危险比为2.05.结论 基线LDL-C和脂蛋白（a）浓度较高的冠心病患者冠状动脉支架植入术后冠状动脉重建术的发生率显著增加.     

Impact of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy on patients after drug-eluting stents implantation

Background Impact of dual antiplatelet therapy beyond 12 months on patients implanted with DES remains unsolved.Methods From January 2010 to June 2011,1873 patients who have been taking DAPT and free from death,myocardial infarction,stroke,repeat coronary revascularization,stent thrombosis,and major or minor bleeding according to TIMI criteria for 12 months after implantation of DES were randomly assigned to continuous (prolonged DAPT group) or discontinuous (standard DAPT group) clopidogrel (75 mg/day).The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) which compose of death,nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI),nonfatal stroke,target vessel revascularization (TVR) or stent thrombosis (ST) at 180 days.Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of 180-day MACEs between prolonged DAPT group and standard DAPT group (8.98 % versus 10.13 %,respectively,P=0.400).The frequency of major bleeding was 0.64 % in prolonged DAPT arm and 0.43% in standard DAPT arm (P=0.523),that of minor bleeding was 3.32 % versus 2.87 % (P=0.585),respectively.Conclusions Prolonged DAPT beyond 12 months neither improve prognosis nor increase risk of bleeding in patients implanted with DES.     

Comparison of benefit and safety between different loading dose of clopidogrel on elderly patients undergoing primary percutaneous cronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background Despite the proven benefit of 600-mg loading dose of clopidogrel in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who undergo primary percutaneous cronary intervention (PCI), there is still concern about its benefit and safety on elderly population. Methods Data of 172 consecutive elderly patients (≥75 years) with STEMI who underwent primary PCI at Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute from January 2008 to December 2011 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into 600-mg loading clopidogrel group and 300-mg clopidogrel group accoring to the loading dose of clopidogrel before primary percunaeous coronary intervention(PCI). Enzymatic myocardial infarction size estimated by peak creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and patency of the infarct-related artery (IRA) were compared. Thirty-day major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), which consist of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal stroke, target vessel revascularization (TVR) or stent thrombosis (ST) were compared to assess the efficacy of different loading dose. Bleeding information was compared as well to assess the safety of different pretreatment stragety before primary PCI. Results 96 patients were adminstered with 600-mg loading clopidogrel before primary PCI while 76 were administered with 300-mg. Patency of the IRA was significantly higher in patients administered with 600-mg loading clopidogrel therapy as compared with those who received 300-mg loading clopidogrel (94.8% vs. 85.5%, P = 0.038). 600-mg loading dose of clopidogrel was associated with lower incidence of 30-day MACEs compared with 300-mg loading dose of clopidogrel (8.3% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.029) while did not increase the risk of TIMI major (3.1% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.770) and minor bleeding (10.4% vs. 6.6%, P = 0.376). Conclusion 600-mg loading clopidogrel improves final patency of the IRA and clinical outcome as compared with 300-mg loading clopidogrel without increasing bleeding hazard.