经阴道实时三维子宫输卵管超声造影成像技术评估单侧输卵管切除术史患者对侧输卵管通畅性

目的： 探讨经阴道实时三维子宫输卵管超声造影成像技术（real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography,RT-3D-HyCoSy）对评估单侧输卵管切除术史患者对侧输卵管通畅性的应用价值。方法： 选取2018年3月—2021年12月于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院妇科门诊就诊有单侧输卵管切除术史且有生育需求的育龄期患者66例,运用经阴道RT-3D-HyCoSy检查其对侧输卵管通畅性。根据造影结果输卵管是否通畅,分为通畅组、通而不畅组和阻塞组,比较3组患者疼痛评分。根据造影过程中是否发生造影剂逆流,分为有逆流组和无逆流组,比较2组患者的子宫内膜厚度和输卵管阻塞率。结果： 因1例患者子宫明显后屈,造影管卡在剖宫产术后的子宫前壁瘢痕处,置管未成功,故成功收集65例结果,超声造影显示输卵管35条（53.8%）通畅,15条（23.1%）通而不畅,15条（23.1%）阻塞。造影过程中13例（20%）发生子宫肌层造影剂逆流,52例（80%）未发生。输卵管通畅组、通而不畅组、阻塞组患者疼痛评分比较,差异有统计学意义（F=56.469,P<0.001）,阻塞组大于通而不畅组,通而不畅组大于通畅组（P<0.001）。有逆流组和无逆流组的子宫内膜厚度（t=0.163,P=0.872）和输卵管阻塞率（χ²=3.385,P=0.066）比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论： 经阴道RT-3D-HyCoSy能较好地评估单侧输卵管切除术史患者对侧输卵管的通畅性,患者耐受性较好,能为临床提供可视性强的图片信息,为生殖医学科医生预防此类患者再次发生异位妊娠及选择助孕方式提供了重要依据。     

卵巢卵泡膜细胞瘤的超声表现

卵巢卵泡膜细胞瘤是卵巢性索间质肿瘤,相对少见。现就1999年1月至2006年7月我院超声检查及术后病理证实为卵泡膜细胞瘤的26例超声资料作回顾性分析。资料与方法一、一般资料26例卵巢卵泡膜细胞瘤患者,年龄15～76岁,平均52岁。绝经14例,绝经时间2～24年。有临床症状者16例,表现为绝     

超声检查在剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠诊断治疗中的意义

胚胎种植于剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕是极罕见而危险的异位妊娠。国内外文献仅见个例报道。近年来，随着剖宫产率的升高，该病的发病率有逐渐增多的趋势。如不及时正确诊断和适当处理，后果严重，甚至危及患者生命，而超声检查在该病诊断治疗中的作用非常重要。现将我院近3年收治的5例剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠患者的临床及超声检查结果报道如下。     

残角子宫19例临床分析

目的：探讨残角子宫的诊断、治疗,提高对残角子宫的认识。方法：回顾分析笔者所在医院于1990年1月-2006年12月收治的19例经手术诊断为残角子宫患者的临床资料。结果：19例患者中4例有进行性痛经,术前仅有2例诊断为残角子宫,其余17例均误诊或漏诊。结论：残角子宫临床症状多不明显,术前诊断比较困难,应提高对本病的认识,尤其对痛经的患者应考虑到残角子宫,且一经发现应手术治疗,切除残角子宫包括同侧输卵管。     

CYP7B1与ER在胆汁淤积孕鼠胎鼠肝脏中的表达

目的 探讨雌激素受体(ERα、ERβ)与胆固醇7α羟化酶(CYP7B1)mRNA在妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积(ICP)孕鼠、胎鼠肝脏中的表达及其意义.方法 对照组孕鼠30只注射精制植物油;研究组孕鼠30只注射17-α-乙炔雌二醇.两组孕鼠分别于妊娠第13天、17天、21天断尾采母鼠血检测,于妊娠第21天抽取母鼠、胎鼠血并提取肝脏组织.应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测两组孕鼠及胎鼠血清中胆酸水平;应用实时定量PCR技术检测两组胎鼠肝脏ERα、ERβ、CYP7B1 mRNA的表达.结果 ①在妊娠第17天、21天研究组母鼠胆汁酸水平明显高于对照组(55.7±3.2μmol/L vs 23.4±1.2μmol/L,t=2.541,P<0.05;61.4±2.4μmol/L vs 25.5±2.1μmol/L,t=2.621,P<0.05);研究组胎鼠胆汁酸水平明显高于对照组(27.4±2.3μmol/L vs 11.5±2.6μmol/L,t=2.631,P<0.05);②研究组胎鼠肝脏CYP7B1 mRNA水平明显高于对照组(2.15±0.01vs 0.25±0.02,t=2.563,P<0.05);③研究组ERα mRNA水平明显高于对照组(0.81±0.02 vs 0.35±0.01,t=2.534,P<0.01).结论 ICP孕鼠胎鼠肝细胞ERα、CYP7B1的表达升高,胆汁酸的合成与代谢调节机制存在障碍,可能是导致ICP胎儿围生儿死亡发生的原因之一.     

彩色多普勒超声血流成像评分评估附件扭转后卵巢活性的研究

目的:研究彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)评分在评估附件扭转后卵巢活性中的价值.方法:选取经卵巢囊肿蒂扭转手术确诊的28例附件扭转患者,所有患者均经多普勒超声检查,分析其临床特点及超声图像,根据附件血流信号进行评分,并与术中卵巢活性进行对比分析.结果:在28例患者中,附件扭转发生于左侧者12例、右侧者16例;超声显示附件...     

Interaction among peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha, cytochrome P450 oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase and estrogen receptor and its association with intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnant rats

Objective To investigate the relationship between interaction of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), cytochrome P450 oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) and estrogen receptor (ER) and intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnant rats. Methods Eighty clean SD pregnant rats were selected and divided into four groups randomly with 20 in each. Since the 13th day of pregnancy,rats in the control group was injected subcutaneously with refined vegetable oil 2.0 ml · kg-1 · d -1 , those in the low-dose, moderate-dose and high-dose groups received 17-α-ethynylestradiol (EE) 1.0 mg · kg-1 · d-1,1.25 mg · kg-1 · d-1 and 1.5 mg · kg-1 · d-1, respectively. All rats were sacrificed at the 21at day of pregnancy and maternal hepatic tissues were collected. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bile acid (TBA) and bilirubin (BIL) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expressions of PPARα, CYP7B1, Erα and Erβ in maternal rat livers were examined by real-time PCR. Results (1) Biochemical indicators: the serum levels of ALT,AST, TBA and BIL were significantly lower in the control group than in the rest 3 groups,respectively [ control group: (41.1 ± 2.8 ) U/L, (44.4 ± 3.6) U/L, (26.4 ± 5.6 ) μmol/L and( 2.8 ± 0.2)U/L;low-dose group: (48.2 ±3.4) U/L,(47.9 ±3.7) U/L,(36.4 ±4.2) μmol/L and (4.2 ±0.2) U/L;moderate-dose group: (70.4 ± 5.3 ) U/L, (68.4 ± 5.6) U/L, (64.3 ± 3.8 ) μmol/L and ( 6.2 ± 1.2)U/L; high-dose group: (72.4 ±7.6) U/L, (70.2 ±3.8) U/L, (72.4 ±7.8) μmol/L and (8.2 ±2.2)U/L, P<0.05], and those in the moderate or high-dose groups were higher than in the low-dose group (P<0.05). (2) mRNA expression of Erα and Erβ: the mRNA expression of Erα in pregnant rat livers increased in a dose-dependent manner, which were all significantly higher than that in the control group,respectively ( low-dose group: 0.76 ± 0.02 ); moderate -dose group: ( 0.99 ± 0.04; high-dose group:1.21 ±0.01 ;control group:0.65 ±0.01, P <0.05), but no difference was found among the 4 groups in the mRNA expression of Erβ ( P > 0.05 ). (3) mRNA expression of CYP7B1 and PPARα: the mRNA expression of CYP7B1 in pregnant rat livers increased from the low-dose group to the high-dose group, and were all higher than that of the control group ( low-dose group: 0.93 ± 0.01; moderate-dose group: 0.99 ±0.06; high-dose group: 1.22 ± 0.04; control group: 0.75 ± 0.02, P < 0.05 ). However, the mRNA expression of PPARα decreased from the low-dose group to the high-dose group, and were all lower than that of the control group (low-dose group: 0.83 ± 0.05; moderate-dose group: 0.71 ± 0.02; high-dose group:0.64 ± 0.03; control group: 1.35 ± 0. 05; P < 0.05 ) . Conclusions The down regulated mRNA expression of PPARα, caused by higher dose of estrogen, may increase the expression of CYP7B1 due to the ineffectiveness of the inhibition of PPARα on CYP7B1, which may further stimulate the Erα activity and then induce intrahepatic cholestasis. Abnormal expression of PPARα, CYP7B1 and ER may play a role in the pathogenesis of estrogen-induced intrahepatic cholestasis.     

残角子宫足月妊娠误诊一例

1 病例简介 患者,女,22岁,因"停经7月余,上腹痛4 h"由外院于2010-02-05转入我院.患者平素月经规律,停经40 d查尿人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)阳性,孕4个月自觉胎动,一直于外院产检,未发现异常.当日上午大便后出现上腹胀痛,感恶心,呕吐,无阴道流血及流水,遂转入我院.既往于1年前孕足月因脐带脱垂致胎死宫内,自然分娩一死胎.患者自诉有慢性胃炎史.入院查体:T 37.3 ℃,P 90次/mmin,R 20次/min,BP 110/70 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),腹胀明显,剑突下压痛(+),反跳痛(-),未及明显宫缩.     

Interaction among peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha, cytochrome P450 oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase and estrogen receptor and its association with intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnant rats

Objective To investigate the relationship between interaction of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), cytochrome P450 oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) and estrogen receptor (ER) and intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnant rats. Methods Eighty clean SD pregnant rats were selected and divided into four groups randomly with 20 in each. Since the 13th day of pregnancy,rats in the control group was injected subcutaneously with refined vegetable oil 2.0 ml · kg-1 · d -1 , those in the low-dose, moderate-dose and high-dose groups received 17-α-ethynylestradiol (EE) 1.0 mg · kg-1 · d-1,1.25 mg · kg-1 · d-1 and 1.5 mg · kg-1 · d-1, respectively. All rats were sacrificed at the 21at day of pregnancy and maternal hepatic tissues were collected. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bile acid (TBA) and bilirubin (BIL) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expressions of PPARα, CYP7B1, Erα and Erβ in maternal rat livers were examined by real-time PCR. Results (1) Biochemical indicators: the serum levels of ALT,AST, TBA and BIL were significantly lower in the control group than in the rest 3 groups,respectively [ control group: (41.1 ± 2.8 ) U/L, (44.4 ± 3.6) U/L, (26.4 ± 5.6 ) μmol/L and( 2.8 ± 0.2)U/L;low-dose group: (48.2 ±3.4) U/L,(47.9 ±3.7) U/L,(36.4 ±4.2) μmol/L and (4.2 ±0.2) U/L;moderate-dose group: (70.4 ± 5.3 ) U/L, (68.4 ± 5.6) U/L, (64.3 ± 3.8 ) μmol/L and ( 6.2 ± 1.2)U/L; high-dose group: (72.4 ±7.6) U/L, (70.2 ±3.8) U/L, (72.4 ±7.8) μmol/L and (8.2 ±2.2)U/L, P<0.05], and those in the moderate or high-dose groups were higher than in the low-dose group (P<0.05). (2) mRNA expression of Erα and Erβ: the mRNA expression of Erα in pregnant rat livers increased in a dose-dependent manner, which were all significantly higher than that in the control group,respectively ( low-dose group: 0.76 ± 0.02 ); moderate -dose group: ( 0.99 ± 0.04; high-dose group:1.21 ±0.01 ;control group:0.65 ±0.01, P <0.05), but no difference was found among the 4 groups in the mRNA expression of Erβ ( P > 0.05 ). (3) mRNA expression of CYP7B1 and PPARα: the mRNA expression of CYP7B1 in pregnant rat livers increased from the low-dose group to the high-dose group, and were all higher than that of the control group ( low-dose group: 0.93 ± 0.01; moderate-dose group: 0.99 ±0.06; high-dose group: 1.22 ± 0.04; control group: 0.75 ± 0.02, P < 0.05 ). However, the mRNA expression of PPARα decreased from the low-dose group to the high-dose group, and were all lower than that of the control group (low-dose group: 0.83 ± 0.05; moderate-dose group: 0.71 ± 0.02; high-dose group:0.64 ± 0.03; control group: 1.35 ± 0. 05; P < 0.05 ) . Conclusions The down regulated mRNA expression of PPARα, caused by higher dose of estrogen, may increase the expression of CYP7B1 due to the ineffectiveness of the inhibition of PPARα on CYP7B1, which may further stimulate the Erα activity and then induce intrahepatic cholestasis. Abnormal expression of PPARα, CYP7B1 and ER may play a role in the pathogenesis of estrogen-induced intrahepatic cholestasis.     

不同保守性方法治疗输卵管妊娠后血清HCG、β-HCG下降及其影响因素

目的:探讨不同保守性方法治疗输卵管妊娠后血清HCG、β-HCG的下降速度、幅度及其影响因素。方法:回顾性分析保守性治疗输卵管妊娠114例,其中药物治疗组33例(A组),保守性手术加术中输卵管局部注射甲氨蝶呤(MTX)20mg组(B组)57例,单纯保守手术组(C组)24例。治疗后定期监测血清HCG、β-HCG,并分析有关影响因素。结果:A组中30例血清HCG<3000U/L者均治疗成功,3例血清HCG>3000U/L者均失败。B组57例均治愈。C组23例成功,1例发生持续输卵管妊娠。B组术后血清HCG下降至正常时间明显短于A组和C组。术前血清HCG、β-HCG浓度高者,术后降至正常所需时间长,但在A组则无明显相关性。结论:输卵管妊娠保守性治疗后监测血清HCG、β-HCG极为重要。手术中采用输卵管局部注射MTX可加快术后血清HCG下降速度。