手术治疗46例胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床分析

目的探讨前路、后路、前后路联合手术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的特点。方法依据对患者所选择的前路、后路、前后路联合手术术式分为三组,进行影像学评价和神经功能评价。结果各组末次随访脊髓功能评价分级提高情况采用R×C表x2检查方法进行统计学分析,各组差异无显著意义。各组术后cobb氏角改善率应用秩和检验方法进行统计学分析,各组差异无显著意义。结论我们综合应用Denis和McAfee的分型,结合了骨折形态、损伤机制和稳定性评价,对胸腰椎爆裂骨折的治疗有较好的指导意义。手术方式的选择更多基于脊柱机械性稳定性、神经性稳定性评价。综合考虑骨折部位、骨折后时间、患者年龄、工种以及术者对入路的熟悉程度等。     

超声造影微血管成像与常规超声靶向引导前列腺癌穿刺活检的比较研究

ObJective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography microflow imaging (MFI) in detecting prostate cancer. Methods Sixty-five patients with serum prostate-specific antigen levels higher than 4.00 μg/L were evaluated with transrectal gray-scale,power Doppler,and MFI ultrasonography and then biopsy guided by ultrasonography. Biopsy was performed at twelve sites in the base,the mid gland and the apex in each patient. In these three transverse sections, when any of the three methods showed abnormality,the biopsy site was directed to the abnormal foci. Diagnostic efficiency of the three methods for prostate cancer detection was compared based on biopsy results according to patient and biopsy site. Results Overall prostate cancers were detected in 230 (29.5 %) of 780 specimens in 36(55.4%) of 65 patients. MFI could detect more patients(34) than gray-scale(26) and power Doppler(28) (P = 0.021, P = 0.031), 6(16.7%)of the 36 patients diagnosed with cancer were identified only by MFI. By biopsy site, MFI had higher sensitivity and overall accuracy (80.0% and 83.0%) than gray-scale (47.0% and 76.8%) and power Doppler (37.4% and 74.6%) ultrasonography(P <0.001, P<0.001 ; P = 0.001, P <0.001), while the specificity of MFI was 84.4%, lower than gray-scale (89.3%) and power Doppler (90.2%) ultrasonography(P = 0.009, P < 0.001). Conclusions MFI could detect more patients and improve sensitivity and overall accuracy by biopsy site than conventional uhrasonography.     

超声造影微血管成像与常规超声靶向引导前列腺癌穿刺活检的比较研究

ObJective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography microflow imaging (MFI) in detecting prostate cancer. Methods Sixty-five patients with serum prostate-specific antigen levels higher than 4.00 μg/L were evaluated with transrectal gray-scale,power Doppler,and MFI ultrasonography and then biopsy guided by ultrasonography. Biopsy was performed at twelve sites in the base,the mid gland and the apex in each patient. In these three transverse sections, when any of the three methods showed abnormality,the biopsy site was directed to the abnormal foci. Diagnostic efficiency of the three methods for prostate cancer detection was compared based on biopsy results according to patient and biopsy site. Results Overall prostate cancers were detected in 230 (29.5 %) of 780 specimens in 36(55.4%) of 65 patients. MFI could detect more patients(34) than gray-scale(26) and power Doppler(28) (P = 0.021, P = 0.031), 6(16.7%)of the 36 patients diagnosed with cancer were identified only by MFI. By biopsy site, MFI had higher sensitivity and overall accuracy (80.0% and 83.0%) than gray-scale (47.0% and 76.8%) and power Doppler (37.4% and 74.6%) ultrasonography(P <0.001, P<0.001 ; P = 0.001, P <0.001), while the specificity of MFI was 84.4%, lower than gray-scale (89.3%) and power Doppler (90.2%) ultrasonography(P = 0.009, P < 0.001). Conclusions MFI could detect more patients and improve sensitivity and overall accuracy by biopsy site than conventional uhrasonography.     

超声造影微血管成像与常规超声靶向引导前列腺癌穿刺活检的比较研究

ObJective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography microflow imaging (MFI) in detecting prostate cancer. Methods Sixty-five patients with serum prostate-specific antigen levels higher than 4.00 μg/L were evaluated with transrectal gray-scale,power Doppler,and MFI ultrasonography and then biopsy guided by ultrasonography. Biopsy was performed at twelve sites in the base,the mid gland and the apex in each patient. In these three transverse sections, when any of the three methods showed abnormality,the biopsy site was directed to the abnormal foci. Diagnostic efficiency of the three methods for prostate cancer detection was compared based on biopsy results according to patient and biopsy site. Results Overall prostate cancers were detected in 230 (29.5 %) of 780 specimens in 36(55.4%) of 65 patients. MFI could detect more patients(34) than gray-scale(26) and power Doppler(28) (P = 0.021, P = 0.031), 6(16.7%)of the 36 patients diagnosed with cancer were identified only by MFI. By biopsy site, MFI had higher sensitivity and overall accuracy (80.0% and 83.0%) than gray-scale (47.0% and 76.8%) and power Doppler (37.4% and 74.6%) ultrasonography(P <0.001, P<0.001 ; P = 0.001, P <0.001), while the specificity of MFI was 84.4%, lower than gray-scale (89.3%) and power Doppler (90.2%) ultrasonography(P = 0.009, P < 0.001). Conclusions MFI could detect more patients and improve sensitivity and overall accuracy by biopsy site than conventional uhrasonography.     

谷丙转氨酶37℃参考方法的建立及其应用研究

目的通过建立37℃谷丙转氨酶（ALT）参考方法，对酶校准品定值，探讨血清ALT测定结果的准确性与可比性。方法依据国际临床化学与检验医学联合会（IFCC）推荐的参考测量程序建立ALT酶催化活性参考方法，用参考方法测定ERM-AD 454 ALT参考品，验证参考方法的准确度，并对其精密度、线性范围和干扰因素进行方法学评价，同时用参考方法对制备的酶校准品进行准确定值，按照NCCLS EP9-A方案比较40份人血清用酶校准品校正的常规方法和参考方法ALT结果。结果用参考方法测定ERM-AD454 ALT参考品结果186．4U／L，在其给定的186&#177;4U／L范围内。初步建立的37℃ALT参考方法总CV0．89％～1．12％，线性范围1．3～300U／L。ALT测定结果在32U／L左右偏差超过5％的干扰物浓度分另4为游离胆红素205．2μmol／L、结合胆红素136．8μmol／L；ALT在123U／L左右测定结果偏差超过5％的干扰物浓度分别为游离胆红素256．5μmol／L、结合胆红素273．6μmol／L。血红蛋白在2g／L和三酰甘油在10mmol／L以下时对两种浓度的ALT干扰分别均大于5％和仍然小于5％。用制备的酶校准品校准的常规方法和参考方法进行比较，相关良好（r^2=0．9992）。前者结果与后者相对偏倚在&#177;10％之内。结论ALT参考方法基本建立，采用参考方法为酶校准品定值，可以提高血清ALT测定结果的准确度和可比性。     

前列腺体积在选择穿刺活检方案中的作用探讨

目的 回顾性分析比较前列腺10点穿刺中的8点、6点及经典6点法以及10点在不同的前列腺体积中前列腺癌的检出率,寻找出合理的前列腺活检方案.方法 研究对象为直肠指检阳性和(或)前列腺特异抗原(PSA)检测在4 ng/ml的可疑病人461例.按前列腺体积分成4组:≥15ml、≥35ml、≥55ml和≥75ml.所有病例都接受10点活检法,并分析比较其中的10点、8点、6点组合穿刺方案.若声像图发现外周带边界清晰的低回声病灶再靶向穿刺1～3针.结果 148例(32.1%)患者确诊前列腺癌.前列腺癌的阳性率随前列腺体积增大而减少,从49.6%降为21.8%.在边界清晰的可疑病灶中,PCa的阳性率最低,为10.3%.在前列腺癌组中,偏外侧的6点组合系统穿刺方案癌肿检出率为84%～90%,体积最小组中,包括尖部/中部/外侧中部/外侧底部的8点穿刺的癌肿检出率为96%,仅比10点组合方案低2%;而前列腺体积在35 ml以上组中,10点组合方案比包括尖部/底部/外侧中部/外侧底部8点组合方案的检出率高3%～5%.结论 经典的6点组合系统穿刺方案不适合所有前列腺的穿刺,前列腺体积为15～35 ml者建议使用包括尖部、中部、外侧中部及外侧底部的8点组合穿刺方案,而体积＞35 ml者使用10点组合方案更合适.     

不稳定肩胛骨骨折的手术治疗体会

目的探讨肩胛骨不稳定骨折的手术治疗相关问题。方法随访分析2003年7月至2006年3月收治的经手术治疗的15例不稳定肩胛骨骨折患者，根据Hardegger分类方法，肩胛盂窝骨折5例、解剖颈骨折1例、外科颈骨折2例、粉碎性骨折7例。其中1例合并浮肩。结果15例患者有11例获得完整随访资料，随访时间2个月-2．5年，平均13月，采用Hardegger肩关节功能评定标准，优5例，良5例，可1例。优良率90．9％，平均骨折临床愈合时间8周。结论不稳定肩胛骨骨折畸形愈合严重影响肩关节功能，需行手术切开复位内固定治疗。术后稳定性好，恢复快，不影响肩关节功能。     

超声造影微血管成像与常规超声靶向引导前列腺癌穿刺活检的比较研究

ObJective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography microflow imaging (MFI) in detecting prostate cancer. Methods Sixty-five patients with serum prostate-specific antigen levels higher than 4.00 μg/L were evaluated with transrectal gray-scale,power Doppler,and MFI ultrasonography and then biopsy guided by ultrasonography. Biopsy was performed at twelve sites in the base,the mid gland and the apex in each patient. In these three transverse sections, when any of the three methods showed abnormality,the biopsy site was directed to the abnormal foci. Diagnostic efficiency of the three methods for prostate cancer detection was compared based on biopsy results according to patient and biopsy site. Results Overall prostate cancers were detected in 230 (29.5 %) of 780 specimens in 36(55.4%) of 65 patients. MFI could detect more patients(34) than gray-scale(26) and power Doppler(28) (P = 0.021, P = 0.031), 6(16.7%)of the 36 patients diagnosed with cancer were identified only by MFI. By biopsy site, MFI had higher sensitivity and overall accuracy (80.0% and 83.0%) than gray-scale (47.0% and 76.8%) and power Doppler (37.4% and 74.6%) ultrasonography(P <0.001, P<0.001 ; P = 0.001, P <0.001), while the specificity of MFI was 84.4%, lower than gray-scale (89.3%) and power Doppler (90.2%) ultrasonography(P = 0.009, P < 0.001). Conclusions MFI could detect more patients and improve sensitivity and overall accuracy by biopsy site than conventional uhrasonography.     

碱性磷酸酶常规测量系统与参考方法的比对和偏移评价

目的通过复现碱性磷酸酶(ALP)国际参考方法评价4种常规测量方法的正确度。方法实验室内复现国际临床化学联合会(IFCC)公布的ALP参考方法;参考临床和实验室标准化协会(CLSI)EP9-A2文件用患者新鲜血清标本将Roche Modular系统、Beckman AU系统、Siemens Dimension系统、迈克试剂-Beckman AU系统与参考方法进行比对,评价常规方法与参考方法的相关性和偏移,根据回归方程调整常规方法的系数,重新比较与参考方法的相关性和偏移。结果 4种检测体系与参考方法的相关系数r均大于0.99。与参考方法相比,Roche系统存在负偏移,Beckman AU系统、Siemens Dimension系统存在正偏移,国产迈克试剂-Beckman AU仪器系统偏移最小。通过线性回归方程调整系数后,常规方法与参考方法的结果偏移降低。结论实验室通过建立参考方法并与常规方法进行方法学比较,调整仪器参数,可最大程度地保证检测结果的可比性和准确性,是实验室内质量控制的有效手段。     

超声造影导向活检在常规超声检查阴性前列腺癌的应用价值

目的 评价超声造影匹配成像(CnTI)技术在靶向引导常规超声无可疑前列腺癌病灶前列腺穿刺活检中的临床应用价值。方法 对56例因血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)升高(≥4.00 ng/ml)而常规超声未发现明确病灶的患者在穿刺前行经直肠前列腺CnTI实时扫查。在超声引导下对患者行底、中、尖三切面10点穿刺,如相应穿刺点有可疑病灶,则直接对病灶进行活检。统计分析CnTI实时扫查图像结果与病理结果。结果 56例患者共穿刺560针,穿刺病理诊断为前列腺癌11例(11/56,19.64%)共39针(39/560,6.96%),CnTI实时扫查检出7例(7/11,63.64%)共22针(22/39,56.41%)。在4例CnTI实时扫查假阴性病例中,2例仅有1针穿刺点阳性,1例2针穿刺点阳性,1例3针穿刺点阳性,其Gleason分值均为6分。CnTI实时扫查真阳性与假阴性前列腺癌穿刺点Gleason分值差异无统计学意义(6.9 vs 6.6, P=0.134)。结论 对血清PSA升高但常规超声未发现明确前列腺癌病灶的患者,经直肠前列腺CnTI实时扫查有助于检出前列腺癌可疑病灶并指导前列腺穿刺活检。