英国推出“健康新食谱”

前不久，英国的专家开了一份“健康新食谱”。看看这些弥散着健康味道的生活方式，哪些适合我们自己!     

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中阿莫西林浓度及药代动力学

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中阿莫西林浓度及药代动力学谭力周继红罗楠袁倚盛（南京军区南京总医院中心仪器分析科，南京２１０００１）阿莫西林（ａｍｏｘｉｃｉｌｉｎ）为β内酰胺类抗生素，其抗菌谱广，口服受食物影响小，对大多数病人耐受性良好，因而在临床上得以广泛...     

冲击波致伤及其建立防护机制的实验研究

目的:探讨冲击波致伤及爆炸性武器破片防护作用中战壕的意义。方法:实验动物为山羊26只,其中战壕组12只,开阔地组14只,分别布放于距爆心10m和15m的战壕及开阔地,某型炸弹置于地面,用电雷管引爆,先后共进行3次,观察伤后18h动物的活存情况,体表和内脏损伤情况。结果:战壕组距爆心10m的活存率为1/5,距爆心15m的活存率为7/7,而开阔地组距爆心10m的活存率为0/5,距爆心15m的活存率为1/9;战壕组均未被破片击中,而开阔地组均被破片击中;战壕组距爆心10m的动物可见严重的冲击伤,主要表现为严重的肺出血和肺水肿,而距爆心15m的战壕仅个别动物有轻、中度肺出血,开阔地组动物可因破片和冲击波的作用,引起严重的体表和内脏损伤,表现为肢体毁损、胸腹腔开放伤、肢体离断骨折、内脏器官破裂缺损等。结论:战壕可有效防止爆炸性武器破片引起的损伤,对距爆心一定距离的冲击波致伤也有较好的防护效果。     

关于神经外科医师多媒体教学的探讨

多媒体教学给神经外科医师的培训开辟了一条崭新的道路，借助术中摄象机以及数码照相机等，将CT、MM、DSA等图象资料输入、储存于计算机，井随时将其调用和显示。多媒体计算机的应用为神经外科手术图象资料的处理提供了一种快捷、简便、可靠的方法。     

Effect of environment on extremely severe road traffic crashes：retrospective epidemic analysis during 2000-2001

Objective: To make an epidemiological analysis of the effect of environment on extremely severe road traffic crashes (RTCs). Methods: Epidemiologic data of extremely severe RTCs associated with environmental factors, including weather, topography, road conditions and other traffic conditions in Mainland China during 2000-2001, were collected and analyzed. Results: ( 1 ) During 2000-2001, there were 3 365 extremely severe RTCs with 13 666 deaths, 12 204 injuries and a direct economical loss of 136 million RMB. ( 2 ) Most extremely severe RTCs occurred in fine weather days and in the daytime. The high occurrence sites were plain areas, horizontal and straight roads, Grade B and C roads, ordinary road segment, and asphalt, smooth and mixed roads. (3) Compared with other RTCs, extremely severe RTCs were more likely to happen under following conditions: on cloudy, snowing, misty and blustering days; in hill and mountainous areas; on crooked and sloping roads; on freeway, Grade A, B, and C roads; mixed roads; ordinary, bridge, narrow and transitional roads; sand and dirt-roads; without traffic control measures; night without lighting. (4) Extremely severe RTCs of mountainous area or crooked and sloping roads were most severe in terms of deaths and injures per crash. Conclusions: Extremely severe RTCs are closely related with environmental factors. Rational road programming, enhancing road establishment and improving road conditions are probably effective measures to reduce the road traffic injuries.     

Comparative observation of protective effects of earplug and barrel on auditory organs of guinea pigs exposed to experimental blast underpressure

Objective: To explore the protective effects of earplug and barrel on auditory organs of guinea pigs exposed to experimental blast underpressure (BUP). Methods : The hearing thresholds of the guinea pigs were assessed with auditory brainstem responses ( ABR). The traumatic levels of tympanic membrane and ossicular chain were observed under stereo-microscope. The rate of outer hair cells (OHCs) loss was analyzed using a light microscope. The changes of guinea pigs protected with barrel and earplug were compared with those of the control group without any protection. Results: An important ABR threshold shift of the guinea pigs without any protection was detected from 8h to 14d after being exposed to BUP with a peak ranging from -64.5 kPa to -69.3 kPa (P<0.01). The rate of perforation of tympanic membrane reached 87.5 % and that of total OHCs loss was 19.46%±5.38% at 14d after exposure. The guinea pigs protected with barrel and earplug had lower ABR threshold and total OHCs loss rate compared with the animals without any protection (P<0.01). All of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain of the protected animals maintained their integrities. Meanwhile, the guinea pigs protected with the barrel had lower ABR threshold and total OHCs loss rate than those with earplug (P<0.01). Conclusions: The earplug and barrel have protective effects against BUP-induced trauma on auditory organs of the guinea pigs and the protective effects of barrel are better than those of earplug.     

大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞表达促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素的实验研究

目的 观察促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)在大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的表达变化规律.方法 体外培养大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,采用RT-PCR及ELISA技术检测正常及脂多糖(LPS)、佛波脂(PMA)刺激后,细胞CRH mRNA转录水平及CRH多肽合成水平.结果 RT-PCR结果显示,正常大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内有一定水平的CRH mRNA,LPS及PMA刺激后,细胞内CRH mRNA水平均显著增高(P＜0.01).在多肽水平,正常大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞可表达低水平的CRH[约(0.07±0.01)ng/107cells],LPS及PMA促进了CRH多肽的合成(P＜0.01).结论 正常大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞可合成表达CRH,其水平在活化后大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞显著上调.     

重庆市高等级公路交通事故回顾性调查

目的 旨在通过对重庆市高等级公路交通事故的回故性调查,分析重庆市高等级公路交通事故的发生特点及规律。方法 调查重庆市２１０高等级公路交通管理大队自１９９５年至１９９７年间一般事故以上的道路交通事故。结果 其间共性生产道路事故８４３起,人员伤亡事故２０９起,事故数逐年增加;其中重大事故４９起、一般事故７９４志,共造成３１４人伤亡,其中死亡４７人,重伤１４９人和轻伤１１８人;在人员重伤和死亡中大多数为     

炮口冲击波引起的山羊病理形态学改变

目的 探讨炮口冲击波对山羊的病理形态学改变。方法 用１２５ｍｍ火炮单发发射穿甲弹,进行大体形态学,光镜和电镜观察。结果 肺是炮口冲击波作用最敏感的内脏器官,大体解剖主要表现为不同程度的肺出血;光镜观察可见肺泡出血、水肿,肺泡明显扩张,肺不张和炎细胞浸润;电镜观察可见肺泡上皮肿胀、变性、微绒毛减少、肺泡隔增生纤维化。上呼吸道和胃肠道对炮口冲击波也较为敏感,主要表现为不同程度的帮浆膜下出血。结论 炮口     

不同致伤条件撞击对兔钝性胸部创伤伤情影响的实验研究

探讨不同致伤参数对兔钝性胸部创伤后胸部筘器官伤情的影响。方法采用兔钝性胸部创伤型,设置不同的致伤参数,观察其对胸部各器 伤情影响及其对死亡率的影响。结果驱动压力越大,胸部各器官伤情越重;撞击面积越大,对胸壁和肺的损伤较重,但心脏伤情并不随之加重;收缩末期撞击对心脏的损伤较重,舒张末期撞击大血管系统的影响较大,死亡率与驱动压力、撞击面积成正;舒张末期撞击死亡率上升。结论致伤参数不同,对钝化胸部创伤后