维生素A对糖基化终末产物诱导的角膜上皮细胞损伤的作用及机制研究

目的糖基化终末产物(AGEs)在糖尿病患者在角膜外伤或接受角膜手术时极易出现角膜上皮愈合延迟甚至不愈的过程中起着关键作用,本文研究维生素A(VA)对以糖基化终末产物AGE-BSA诱导角膜上皮细胞损伤的影响及可能的作用机制。方法以HCE-2细胞为研究对象,AGE-BSA为诱导剂,试剂盒检测VA对细胞凋亡率及线粒体膜电位的影响,荧光显微镜检测细胞内凋亡小体,Western blot检测相关的蛋白表达量。结果VA抑制AGE-BSA诱导的HCE细胞凋亡,调节AGEBSA引起的凋亡相关蛋白的变化。同时,VA与JNK的抑制剂同等程度的减少AGE-BSA诱导的JNK和NF-κB的磷酸化。结论VA可能通过抑制JNK介导的NF-κB炎症通路而起到减少AGE-BSA诱导的角膜上皮细胞凋亡的作用,可以作为糖尿病患者角膜上皮损伤的保护剂。     

Firefighters' and instructors’ absorption of PAHs and benzene during training exercises

IntroductionTraining fires may constitute a major portion of some firefighters’ occupational exposures to smoke. However, the magnitude and composition of those exposures are not well understood and may vary by the type of training scenario and fuels.ObjectivesTo understand how structure fire training contributes to firefighters' and instructors’ select chemical exposures, we conducted biological monitoring during exercises involving combustion of pallet and straw and oriented strand board (OSB) or the use of simulated smoke.MethodsUrine was analyzed for metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and breath was analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene.ResultsMedian concentrations of nearly all PAH metabolites in urine increased from pre-to 3-hr post-training for each scenario and were highest for OSB, followed by pallet and straw, and then simulated smoke. For instructors who supervised three trainings per day, median concentrations increased at each collection. A single day of OSB exercises led to a 30-fold increase in 1-hydroxypyrene for instructors, culminating in a median end-of-shift concentration 3.5-fold greater than median levels measured from firefighters in a previous controlled-residential fire study. Breath concentrations of benzene increased 2 to 7-fold immediately after the training exercises (with the exception of simulated smoke training). Exposures were highest for the OSB scenario and instructors accumulated PAHs with repeated daily exercises.ConclusionsDermal absorption likely contributed to the biological levels as the respiratory route was well protected. Training academies should consider exposure risks as well as instructional objectives when selecting training exercises.     

欧盟草药药品监管模式对中国中药注册管理的启示＊

对药品实行注册管理制度是确保公众健康的全球通用的监管措施。中药作为承载中医药理论与用药实践的主要载体，对中药产品的注册管理又具有其特殊性。2017年正式实施的《中医药法》提出了建立符合中医药特点管理制度的发展方针，研究制定配套文件或修订现行规章以适应衔接其立法精神是当前重要的现实问题之一。欧盟在植物药监管领域取得了良好成效，本文旨在系统分析欧盟对其注册管理的法规体系，深入剖析其监管特点和对中国中药注册管理的启示，以期为当前《中医药法》背景下中药监管制度的改革提供参考。     

Rubeosis faciei diabeticorum is not associated with oxidative stress and skin autofluorescence

BackgroundRubeosis faciei diabeticorum is a persistent facial erythema in patients with diabetes mellitus. The actual pathogenesis has not been studied. However, it is speculated to be a cutaneous diabetic microangiopathy.ObjectiveExamine the correlation between the severity of facial erythema and the possible causes of microvascular diabetic complications, namely oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and cutaneous accumulation of advanced glycation end-products .MethodsPatients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 32) were enrolled in the study. The facial erythema index was measured using the Mexameter MX18; cutaneous accumulation of advanced glycation end-products was estimated by measuring skin auto fluorescence with the AGE Reader (DiagnOptics Technologies B.V. – Groningen, Netherlands). Glycated haemoglobin, total antioxidant status, and malondialdehyde were measured in blood by TBARS assay. The correlation between the selected variables was assessed by Spearman's rank test; p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThere was a statistically significant correlation between total antioxidant status and the facial erythema index (ρ = 0.398, p = 0.024). Malondialdehyde, skin autofluorescence, glycated haemoglobin, body mass index, duration of diabetes, and age did not demonstrate statistically significant correlation with the facial erythema index.Study limitationsThis is an observational study. Elevation of total antioxidant status could have been caused by several factors that might have also influenced the development of rubeosis faciei, including hyperbilirubinemia and hyperuricemia.ConclusionsThe results contradicted expectations. Total antioxidant status correlated positively with facial erythema index; however, there was no correlation with oxidative stress and skin autofluorescence. Further investigations should be conducted to reveal the cause of total antioxidant status elevation in patients with rubeosis faciei.     

Healthcare providers' role regarding the safe and appropriate use of herbal products by breastfeeding mothers: A systematic literature review

BackgroundBreastfeeding women often use herbal products to increase their milk supply. The aim of this study was to summarize the literature about the role of healthcare providers in advising breastfeeding women about herbal product use.MethodsPubmed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched for articles written in English using the Keywords: “breastfeeding” or “lactation” and “herbal medicine*“, “botanical*“, “dietary supplement*“, “natural product*“, “traditional medicine*” or “complementary medicine*“.ResultsTwenty-two articles were included in this review. A lack of inter-professional communication and guidelines, a lack of provider confidence and knowledge about the evidence for the efficacy and safety of herbal products were identified as causing a ‘gap’ between current practice and expectations of breastfeeding women seeking advice about their use herbal products.ConclusionsStrategic and collaborative efforts between key stakeholders are required to ensure the needs of women who are considering herbal product use while breastfeeding are met.     

基于荧光定量PCR技术的当归不同炮制品中大肠埃希菌数量测定方法开发及比较研究

目的对当归不同炮制品中大肠埃希菌变化进行定量分析。方法建立荧光定量PCR方法,对当归不同炮制品、不同产地、不同收集企业、不同储藏时间的大肠埃希菌进行定量分析。结果不同炮制品中大肠埃希菌数量变化为生当归土炒当归酒当归;在不同产地的当归中以甘肃岷县地区所含的大肠埃希菌的数量最少;与零售企业相比,生产销售企业的当归和酒当归中大肠埃希菌的数量较少;不同储藏时间对当归和酒当归中大肠埃希菌数量有一定影响,随储藏时间的增加,大肠埃希菌的数量也在增加。对部分代表性样品进行平板计数法与荧光定量PCR法比较时发现,平板计数法结果多呈阴性,荧光定量PCR结果均呈阳性。结论所建立的荧光定量PCR法特异性、灵敏度、可靠性以及报告周期均优于平板计数法,可为当归不同炮制品中大肠埃希菌的快速、准确定量检测提供有效手段。