Sámi education in Finland

The purpose of this article is, first, to describe Sámi children's education and its status in the Finnish education system and, secondly, to contemplate its development in Finland. The core of the article is intertwined with issues concerning the status, language, and culture of indigenous peoples. According to the article, the western school dominates instruction and teaching and is spirally connected to the assimilation, power relations, and socialisation process that the Sámi have experienced. The practical framework for Sámi education (based on the earlier findings of the authors) which would direct teaching arrangements and comprehensive pedagogy drawn from the own premises of the Sámi people is reviewed. The Sámi world-view and Sámi values and culture should occupy a central position in teaching, but also in the curriculum.     

miR-203调控NEDD9抑制乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231侵袭及迁移作用机制研究

目的 :研究mi R-203抑制乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞NEDD9蛋白的作用对细胞侵袭和迁移的影响。方法:mi R-203脂质体转染MDA-MB-231细胞,通过细胞划痕实验和Transwell实验观察细胞侵袭和迁移能力的变化;通过蛋白印迹检测mi R-203对NEDD9表达的调控作用,并用sensor reporter确定mi R-203的靶标位点;最后,通过细胞"拯救"实验研究相关蛋白表达量的变化,用免疫荧光-激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞片状伪足和黏着斑的改变,探究mi R-203对MDA-MB-231细胞侵袭和迁移能力的调节机制。结果:细胞划痕实验和Transwell实验显示,mi R-203抑制了MDA-MB-231细胞的侵袭和迁移能力;通过生物信息学网站预测mi R-203的靶基因是NEDD9;蛋白印迹和sensor reporter检测结果显示,mi R-203通过与NEDD9 3′-UTR结合,下调NEDD9;共转染si NEDD9和mi R-203的"拯救"实验后的细胞划痕实验、蛋白印迹和免疫荧光-激光共聚焦结果显示,mi R-203抑制NEDD9表达导致激活态Rac1-GTP减少,致使细胞运动状态改变,侵袭迁移能力减弱,而si NEDD9干涉作用能"拯救"mi R-203对MDA-MB-231细胞迁移能力的抑制。结论 :mi R-203通过降解NEDD9,下调激活的Rac1水平,导致乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231片状伪足和黏着斑的减少或消失,从而抑制细胞的侵袭及迁移。     

Impact of asialoglycoprotein receptor deficiency on the development of liver injury

The asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptor is a wellcharacterized hepatic receptor that is recycled via the common cellular process of receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME). The RME process plays an integral part in the proper trafficking and routing of receptors and ligands in the healthy cell. Thus, the missorting or altered transport of proteins during RME is thought to play a role in several diseases associated with hepatocyte and liver dysfunction. Previously,we examined in detail alterations that occur in hepatocellular RME and associated receptor functions as a result of one particular liver injury, alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The studies revealed profound ethanolmediated impairments to the ASGP receptor and the RME process, indicating the importance of this receptor and the maintenance of proper endocytic events in normal tissue. To further clarify these observations,studies were performed utilizing knockout mice (lacking a functional ASGP receptor) to which were administered several liver toxicants. In addition to alcohol, we examined the effects following administration of anti-Fas (CD95) antibody, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/galactosamine. The results of these studies demonstrated that the knockout mice sustained enhanced liver injury in response to all of the treatments, as shown by increased indices of liver damage, such as enhancement of serum enzyme levels,histopathological scores, as well as hepatocellular death.Overall, the work completed to date suggests a possible link between hepatic receptors and liver injury. In particular, adequate function and content of the ASGP receptor may provide protection against various toxinmediated liver diseases.     

miRNA与肿瘤及其对瘢痕疙瘩作用研究进展

miRNA（microRNA）是一类对基因具有调控功能的内源性非编码小分子RNA.这类非编码的小RNA分子通过调节基因的表达在生物发育、脂肪代谢、细胞的分化、增殖和凋亡等过程中发挥着重要作用.研究表明miRNA表达异常能导致疾病甚至肿瘤的发生,有类似于抑癌基因或癌基因的功能.瘢痕疙瘩本质上属于实体瘤的一种,近几年来 miRNA在瘢痕疙瘩发生机制中的作用成为了研究热点.因此,关于miRNA对瘢痕疙瘩作用的深入研究有望为类肿瘤样病理组织瘢痕疙瘩的治疗提供新的思路.     

《喉科秘钥》考述

《喉科秘钥》为清代流传较为广泛的喉科著作之一,因原题“古歙西园郑氏原辑,许佐廷乐泉增订”,所以一直被视为新安郑氏喉科世家的重要著作.但通过考证发现,《喉科秘钥》实际是对清代医家张宗良所撰《喉科指掌》略作增删而成:删去了卷2“制药法”部分,补入吴氏(名已不可考)的“喉科24症歌诀”及丹药12首.因而可以断定,《喉科秘钥》并非西园郑氏所作,作者当属张吴氏,书中反映了张宗良与吴氏的学术思想.据《中国中医古籍总目》著录,《喉科秘钥》现有14个版本存世,而通过调研得知,现存版本实为12个.另外《中国医籍志》、《中国中医古籍总目》等工具书对本书作者、书名、版本的著录有误,当予纠正.     

海洋药物资源的微生物的分离技术

海洋微生物是海洋药物的重要资源,资源微生物的分离是开发海洋药物的第一步,本文报道各种资源微生物的分离技术,其包括常规海洋放线菌,细菌和真菌的资源,同样包括极端环境条件下的嗜碱,嗜盐和低的微生物。     

蛋白激酶C激动剂PMA、阻滞剂H-7及氯胺酮、咪唑安定对兔离体气管平滑肌收缩力的影响

目的：探讨蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）信号传导系统在气管平滑肌张力调节中的作用及氯胺酮、咪唑安定对其的影响。方法：研究不同浓度的ＰＫＣ激动剂ＰＭＡ（３×１０－７～３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对静息状态下气管平滑肌张力的影响；研究两种浓度的ＰＭＡ（３×１０－６，３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）及特异性ＰＫＣ阻滞剂Ｈ－７（３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对乙酰胆碱（１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）诱发气管平滑肌收缩力的调节作用及Ｈ－７、氯胺酮、咪唑安定对ＰＭＡ效应的抑制作用。结果：３×１０－７～３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＰＭＡ对静息状态下的气管平滑肌张力无明显影响，３×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＰＭＡ可明显增强乙酰胆碱诱发张力的峰值和平台值，然而３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＰＭＡ并不能进一步增加乙酰胆碱的作用，张力平台值有所下降；３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｈ－７可完全抵消３×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＰＭＡ效应。１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ氯胺酮和１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ咪唑安定和Ｈ－７有相似的效果。结论：ＰＫＣ信号传导系统的激活并不能单独诱发离体气管平滑肌的收缩，但可使乙酰胆碱的收缩效应增加，氯胺酮和咪唑安定对ＰＫＣ信号传导系统有抑制作用。     

Iron status in a multiethnic population (age 36-80 yr) in northern Norway: the SAMINOR study

OBJECTIVES: Northern Norway consists of a multiethnic population of Sámi and non-Sámi. We evaluated iron status in these two groups with respect to gender, age and residence. METHODS: In 2002-2004, a cross-sectional study of health and living conditions in areas with both Sámi and Norwegian populations, SAMINOR, was performed in northern Norway. In total, 16,538 men and women between the age of 36 and 79 yr, participated. Response rate was 60.9%. Information about ethnic belonging, s-ferritin and transferrin saturation were available in 14,873 persons (54.8% of the invited sample). A questionnaire delivered at attendance had several questions on family background language and self-perceived ethnicity. RESULTS: Sámi men and women living in the inland areas had significantly higher mean s-ferritin than non-Sámi living in the same area (P < 0.0001). The inland Sámi also had significantly higher s-ferritin than the coastal Sámi and non-Sámi populations, both genders (P < 0.013). S-ferritin increased with increasing age for all women, while the opposite was true for men. Lifestyle factors had impact on s-ferritin level. Also mean transferrin saturation was higher at the inland residents but significant only for the male participants. CONCLUSION: The results from our analyses indicate that individuals living at the inland areas have higher s-ferritin and transferrin saturation than the coastal population. There were also differences in iron levels between Sámi and non-Sámi groups at the inland areas. Iron levels are influenced by lifestyle factors. The observed differences in iron levels might therefore be explained by nutritional habits.     

丹参粉针治疗不稳定型心绞痛临床观察

目的观察丹参粉针治疗不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)的临床疗效。方法将UAP患者82例随机分为两组,治疗组在对照组西医常规治疗基础上加用丹参粉针静滴。1疗程后,分别观察两组心绞痛发作频率及硝酸甘油用量的变化;观察静息心电图、血液流变学指标和SOD、LPO改变情况。结果治疗组在总有效率、心绞痛被控制所需时间、改善异常心电图及血液流变性、调整LPO及SOD水平、减少硝酸甘油用量等方面均优于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论在西医常规治疗基础上加用丹参粉针对UAP的疗效优于单纯西医常规治疗。     

鼠扑、鼠仆考辨

“鼠扑”之名,出唐*王焘《外台秘要》引《深师方》,《证类本草》、《本草纲目》等在沿袭写刻过程中,有的误作“鼠仆”,与《素问*刺禁论》表示症状、《针灸甲乙经》表示部位的“鼠仆”混淆。经考证,“鼠扑”系“鼠朴”之讹,亦作“鼠璞”,为未经腊制的鼠肉,可外用或内服,是古代治金疮脓肿的药物。