白花蛇舌草干预湿热瘀滞型肠内多发息肉术后复发的临床研究

目的 临床观察白花蛇舌草干预湿热瘀滞型肠内多发息肉患者内镜治疗术后复发情况。方法 采用前瞻性的随机空白对照试验设计，选取2019年9月1日—2020年12月31日上海中医药大学附属普陀医院消化科收治的门诊及住院结直肠多发息肉患者132例作为研究对象。采用随机方法分为对照组和试验组，每组66例。对照组行内镜治疗术给予常规治疗后无药物干预，试验组在对照基础上给予白花蛇舌草汤剂（每日取白花蛇舌草15 g、大枣3枚，煎取400 mL汤剂，分2次饭后温服）治疗，连续干预1年。观察并比较两组术前与术后1年肠道内息肉的复发率、息肉数目、息肉最大直径、中医证候评分及肝肾功能及血常规的差异。结果 干预1年后，试验组复发9例（14.75%），对照组复发21例（33.33%），两组息肉复发率比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。试验组腺瘤、伴重度异型增生、体质量指数（BMI）≥24 kg·m^-2患者治疗后息肉复发率均较对照组同类型降低，差异显著（P＜0.05）；术后1年试验组息肉最大直径及息肉数目均较对照组显著减小，差异显著（P＜0.05）；术后1年试验组中医证候各项评分均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）；术后1年，两组中医证候疗效比较，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05），且术前、术后1年两组患者肝肾功能、凝血功能等安全性指标无显著差异。结论 应用白花蛇舌草干预结直肠息肉术后患者，1年后明显降低肠内息肉的复发率，尤以腺瘤性息肉、重度异型增生、BMI超重患者更显著，不仅改善临床症状，还能有效预防结直肠息肉的复发，改善患者的预后。     

Renal cell carcinoma: The role of radical surgery on different patterns of local or distant recurrence

IntroductionWith the increasing reliance on targeted therapies and immunotherapy, no standard management strategy is today available for the treatment of locally, distant, or both renal cell carcinoma (RCC) recurrences, and their surgical treatment seems to play a crucial role. We report the 20-year experience of our center evaluating the short- and long-term outcomes of patients undergone surgical resection of RCC recurrences, and the possible role of repeated surgical resections of RCC recurrences.Materials and methodsFrom January 1999 to January 2019, 40 patients underwent surgical resection of isolated locally recurrent RCC (iLR-RCC-group), locally recurrent RCC associated with the presence of distant recurrence (LR-DR-RCC-group), and distant-only recurrent RCC (DR-RCC-group). Data regarding pre-, intra-, post-operative course, and follow-up, prospectively collected in an institutional database, were retrospectively analyzed and compared.ResultsiLR-RCC-group was composed of 9 patients, LR-DR-RCC-group of 6 patients, and DR-RCC-group of 25 patients. The recurrence rate was 55.6% (5/9 patients) in iLR-RCC-group, 50% (3/6 patients) in LR-DR-RCC-group, and 44% (11/25) patients in DR-RCC-group, p = 0.830. 3/5 (60%) patients in iLR-RCC-group, 2/3 (66.7%) patients in LR-DR-RCC-group, and 7/11 (63.6%) patients in DR-RCC group underwent to almost one further local treatments of their recurrences, respectively (p = 0.981). No differences in the mean disease-free survival (p = 0.384), overall survival (OS) (p = 0.881), and cancer-specific survival (p = 0.265) were reported between the three groups. In DR-RCC-group, patients who underwent further local treatments of new recurrences presented a longer OS: 150.7 versus 66.5 months (p = 0.004).ConclusionsA surgical resection of RCC recurrences should be always taken in consideration, also in metastatic patients and/or in those who have already undergone surgery of previous RCC recurrence, whenever radicality is still possible, because this approach may offer a potentially long survival.     

Abdominal lymph node recurrence from colorectal cancer: Resection should be considered as a curative treatment in patients with controlled disease

BackgroundLymph node recurrences (LNR) from colorectal cancer (CRC) still represent a therapeutic challenge, as standardized recommendations have yet to be established. The aim of this study was to analyze short- and long-term oncological outcomes following resection of LNR from CRC.MethodsAll patients with previously resected CRC who underwent histopathologically confirmed LNR resection in 3 tertiary referral centers between 2010 and 2017 were reviewed. Short- and long-term outcomes were analyzed, mainly recurrence-free and overall survival. Further recurrences following LNR resection were also analyzed.ResultsOverall, 18 patients were included. Primary CRC was left-sided in 16 (89%) patients, staged T3-4 in 15 (83%), N+ in 14 (78%) and presented with synchronous metastases in 8 (43%). Median time interval between primary CRC and LNR resections was 31 months. Performed lymphadenectomies were aortocaval (n = 10), pelvic (n = 7), in hepatic pedicle (n = 3) and mesenteric (n = 1). Four patients had associated liver metastases resection. Three (17%) presented with postoperative complications, of which one Clavien-Dindo 3. Fourteen (78%) patients presented with further recurrences after a mean delay of 9 months, with 36% of patients presenting with early (<6 months) recurrence. Five (36%) patients could undergo secondary recurrence resection and 3 (21%) patients radiotherapy. Median overall survival following LNR resection reached 44 months.ConclusionsCurrent results suggest that LNR resection is feasible and associated with improved survival, in selected patients. Longer time interval between primary CRC resection and LNR occurrence appeared to be a favorable prognostic factor whereas multisite recurrence appeared to be associated with impaired long-term survival.     

El papel de la resonancia magnética multiparamétrica en el diagnóstico de la recidiva local tras la prostatectomía radical y antes de la radioterapia de rescate

PurposeAssess multiparametric-MRI (mp-MRI) diagnostic accuracy in the detection of local recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy (PR) and before radiation therapy (RT).Materials and methodsA total of 188 patients underwent 1.5-T mp-MRI after RP before RT. Patients were divided into 2 groups: with biochemical recurrence (group A) and without but with high risk of local recurrence (group B). Continuous variables were compared between 2 groups using Student-t test; categoric variables were analyzed using Pearson chi-square. ROC analysis was performed considering PSA before RT, ISUP, pT and pN as grouping variables.ResultsPCa recurrence (reduction of PSA levels after RT) was 89.8% in group A and 80.3% in group B. Comparing patients with and without PCa recurrence, there was a significant difference in PSA values before RT for group A and for PSA values before RT and after RT for group B. In group A, there was a significant correlation between PSA before RT and diameter of recurrence and between PSA before RT and time spent before recurrence. The mp-MRI diagnostic accuracy in detecting PCa local recurrence after RP is of 62.2% in group A and 38% in group B. Diffusion weighted imaging is the most specific MRI-sequence and dynamic contrast enhanced the most sensitive. For PSA = 0.5 ng/ml, the AUC decreases while sensitivity and accuracy increase for each MRI-sequence. For PSA = 0.9 ng/ml, dynamic contrast enhanced-AUC increases significantly.Conclusionmp-MRI should always be performed before RT when a recurrence is suspected. New scenarios can be opened considering the role of diffusion weighted imaging for PSA ≤ 0.5 ng/ml.     

柴芍四金汤预防ERCP术后胆总管结石复发的临床观察

目的 研究柴芍四金汤预防ERCP术后胆总管结石复发的临床疗效。方法 选取昆山市中医医院脾胃肝胆科2014年1月至2016年12月因胆总管结石行ERCP取石病例120例，按随机数字表法将120例病例随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组各60例，治疗组口服自拟柴芍四金汤，每日1剂，水煎400 mL，分早晚两次温服，随证加减；对照组口服熊去氧胆酸250 mg/次，3次/d，2组均连续药物治疗6月，观察术后2周血清中总胆红素（Tbil）、直接胆红素（Dbil）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）指标、术后半年临床症状（包括腹痛、腹胀、恶心、纳差）及术后6月、12月、18月胆总管结石复发情况。结果 治疗组术后6月、12月及18月结石复发率略低于对照组，但两者差异无统计学意义（ P >0.05）；治疗组在改善腹痛、腹胀、恶心、纳差症状方面优于对照组（ P <0.05）；治疗组在改善血清Tbil、Dbil、ALP、GGT水平方面优于对照组（ P <0.01）。结论 柴芍四金汤能有效预防ERCP术后胆总管结石的复发，且能改善胆总管结石引起的临床症状及血清生化指标。      

Metastatic disease of the breast and local recurrence

Multimodality primary therapies for breast cancer combined with earlier detection have led to a sharp decline in the death rate from breast cancer in the UK over the last 40 years in the face of a rising incidence. The latest UK statistics from Cancer Research UK report 55,122 new cases of breast cancer in 2015 with 11,563 deaths from breast cancer recorded in 2016. Crudely, this equates to a cure rate of around 80% for all comers and demonstrates a clear improvement in outcome with 50,285 new cases in 2011 and 11,716 deaths in 2012. Despite this good news, there are still significant numbers of women (and men) who suffer from either a local recurrence or metastatic disease following apparently successful treatment for early breast cancer (Stage I to III). Only a minority of individuals, 6.6% with the stage recorded at diagnosis, present with stage IV disease. This review considers the treatment options available to individuals with locally recurrent and advanced breast cancer (ABC).     

Anastomotic Recurrence of Colon Cancer—is it a Local Recurrence,a Second Primary,or a Metastatic Disease (Local Manifestation of Systemic Disease)?

The aim of this study is to review the literature to find out the exact etiology of anastomotic cancers of colon post resection and differentiate them between a recurrence, second primary, and metastatic disease (local manifestation of systemic disease). Web-based literature search was done, and datas collected. We searched PubMed for papers using the keywords colon cancer recurrence, anastomotic recurrence, and recurrent colon carcinoma. We also searched for systematic review in the same topic. In addition, we used our personal referrence archive. Anastomotic recurrences of colon are postulated to arise due to inadequate margins, tumor implantation by exfoliated cells, altered biological properties of bowel anastomosis, and missed synchronous lesions. Some tumors are unique with repeated recurrence after repeated resection. Duration after primary surgery plays a major role in differentiating recurrent and second primary lesions. Repeated recurrences after repeated resections have to be considered a manifestation of systemic disease or metastatic disease due to the virulence of the disease. A detailed analysis and study of patients with colonic anastomotic lesion are required to differentiate it between a recurrent, a second primary lesion, and a metastatic disease (local manifestation of a systemic disease). The nomenclature is significant to study the survival of these patients, as a second primary lesion will have different survival compared to that of recurrent lesions.