糖尿病患者饥饿感中医病机浅识

糖尿病患者饥饿感病机有胃火炽盛、胃强脾弱、脾胃虚弱、瘀热消谷、痰热消谷等。糖尿病初期,痰热、火热之证常见,患者出现多食易饥表现,应考虑痰热消谷、火热消谷,选用白虎汤、玉女煎、消渴方等加减治疗;病程日久,火热伤阴,壮火食气,出现气阴两虚等表现,此时出现多食易饥症状,则需考虑胃强脾弱、脾胃虚弱等病机,采用半夏泻心汤、附子理中丸、参苓白术散等治疗;瘀血贯穿糖尿病始终,故在使用以上方法治疗糖尿病患者消谷易饥效果欠佳时,可考虑瘀热消谷的因素,采用桃核承气汤、白虎汤合桂枝茯苓丸治疗。糖尿病与痰湿关系密切,针对该病机引起的饥饿感,在清热的同时,还应化痰除湿。糖尿病病程日久患者,饥饿感病机复杂,宜"观其脉证,知犯何逆,随证治之"。     

浅谈“从温治咳”

咳嗽病因病机复杂多变,宣降失司、肺气上逆是发病的关键。外感咳嗽,辛温与宣降并用,驱邪理肺,宣畅气机,则咳止;内伤致咳,温补肺脾肾三脏,通调水道,排除多余水液,使痰无由生,又可调畅气机,从而减少咳嗽;感染后咳嗽为本虚标实,宜重温阳润肺,则余邪自散,咳嗽得止;素体阳虚者,当温补脾肾,使邪气无由生,咳嗽无由发。因此,对于临床常见症状咳嗽的治疗,应重视温法的应用,然切记以正确辨证为前提,不可一味温补。     

The Dangerous Middle: Situational Awareness and Worker Perception of Beetle Kill

ABSTRACT

Forest workers, including loggers, foresters, and wildland firefighters, are regularly exposed to some of the most fatal occupational environments in the United States. These hazardous work environments may become even more complex and dynamic when subject to bark beetle outbreaks that have resulted in significant tree mortality. The impacts of tree death from bark beetles are significant, with the cumulative 17-year (2000–2016) footprint for bark beetle caused tree mortality estimated at 54 million acres. However, how workers think about and act in these environments is understudied. This study, therefore, approaches the issue of beetle kill and forest worker safety by examining the perspectives or workers themselves. Its contribution is to leverage ethnographic research to provide insights that can generate new research questions, better inform outreach, and ultimately improve worker safety outcomes. The resulting insights show that beetle kill was understood by workers as a hazard that increased the complexity and dynamism of the work environment, making situational awareness both more necessary and more difficult to maintain. While much research about situational awareness focuses on hazardous situations, it is suggested that building adequate situational awareness should also include broader considerations of organizational communication, as well as training and experience considered over the course of entire careers.     

林国华针灸治疗难治性突发性耳聋经验撷要

总结林国华教授针灸治疗难治性突发性耳聋经验,并对典型医案进行介绍。林国华教授认为本病多因少阳经气厥塞所致,提倡尽早针灸干预,治病求本,谨守"少阳暴厥"之病机,谨遵"疏解少阳,通耳开窍"之法,临证必用听宫,主取少阳经穴,辅予辨经取穴,巧施发蒙针法与气流灌耳法,妙用岭南火针疗法,必要时调气调神、加取募穴,共奏通耳复聪之效。     

火针膝周密刺对膝关节骨性关节炎鼠关节形态及软骨LOXL2的影响

目的:探讨火针膝周密刺对膝关节骨性关节炎(Knee Osteoarthritis,KOA)大鼠行为学、关节形态及软骨中赖氨酰氧化酶相关蛋白2(LOXL2)影响性。方法:选择30只健康雄性大鼠,10只作为对照不作任何处理。20只大鼠建立KOA模型,成模后随机分成2组,分别予普通针刺和火针膝周密刺,1次/3 d,连续6次。观察各组大鼠Leauesne MG评分、关节软骨细胞情况,外周血及关节软骨转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、基质金属蛋白酶3(MMP-3)、LOXL2水平变化。结果:治疗后火针组Leauesne MG评分中的局部疼痛刺激反应、步态、关节活动范围、关节肿胀度较对照组、模型组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清及关节软骨MMP-3、TGF-β1、TNF-α含量水平显著低于模型组(P<0.05),LOXL2显著高于模型组(P<0.05)。火针组电镜下软骨细胞形状规则、细胞核完整且饱满,微绒毛少量存在,内质网丰富,有散在的染色质。结论:火针膝周密刺能减轻K0A关节软骨损伤,降低炎性反应,改善软骨LOXL2水平,这可能是火针治疗KOA一个作用机制。     

院方归龙汤加味治疗消渴脱疽探讨

[目的]探讨院方归龙汤加味治疗消渴脱疽的作用及其相关机制。[方法] 查阅分析古今相关文献，并结合临床实践，基于陈实功的《外科正宗》一书中治疗阴疽的四法“疏稼土、通地脉、助根本、回阳气”，对消渴脱疽的病因病机及院方归龙汤加味治疗消渴脱疽进行分析，并列举验案一则加以佐证。[结果] 根据文献研究及实践经验，笔者认为消渴脱疽的病机为阳气亏虚、气血失养、经脉闭阻，故临床上遵从陈实功的阴疽治疗四法“疏稼土、通地脉、助根本、回阳气”，在归龙汤基础上进行加减:加白术、陈皮健脾益气、燥湿利水，此为疏稼土；加黄芪补气升阳、通脉行滞、敛疮生肌，此为助根本；加附子助阳行气，此为回阳气。所举验案，诊断为消渴脱疽，证属阳虚血瘀，符合归龙汤加味方之病机，治之而获良效。[结论]归龙汤加味充分体现了《外科正宗》中脱疽治疗四法，治疗消渴脱疽临床疗效良好，值得临床推广应用。     

Peat smoke inhalation alters blood pressure,baroreflex sensitivity,and cardiac arrhythmia risk in rats

ABSTRACT

Wildland fires (WF) are linked to adverse health impacts related to poor air quality. The cardiovascular impacts of emissions from specific biomass sources are however unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the cardiovascular impacts of a single exposure to peat smoke, a key regional WF air pollution source, and relate these to baroreceptor sensitivity and inflammation. Three-month-old male Wistar-Kyoto rats, implanted with radiotelemeters for continuous monitoring of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), were exposed once, for 1-hr, to filtered air or low (0.38 mg/m³ PM) or high (4.04 mg/m³) concentrations of peat smoke. Systemic markers of inflammation and sensitivity to aconitine-induced cardiac arrhythmias, a measure of latent myocardial vulnerability, were assessed in separate cohorts of rats 24 hr after exposure. PM size (low peat = 0.4–0.5 microns vs. high peat = 0.8–1.2 microns) and proportion of organic carbon (low peat = 77% vs. high peat = 65%) varied with exposure level. Exposure to high peat and to a lesser extent low peat increased systolic and diastolic BP relative to filtered air. In contrast, only exposure to low peat elevated BRS and aconitine-induced arrhythmogenesis relative to filtered air and increased circulating levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, complement components C3 and C4, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and white blood cells. Taken together, exposure to peat smoke produced overt and latent cardiovascular consequences that were likely influenced by physicochemical characteristics of the smoke and associated adaptive homeostatic mechanisms.     

老昌辉从肾论治肺胀临证经验

老昌辉教授认为肺胀病位主要在肺脾肾,病初肺与脾,久虚肺及肾,本病总属本虚标实,以肺肾阳虚为本,痰瘀伏肺为标,屡感外邪而诱发,肺病日久,肺肾阳虚,肾不纳气,则见咳逆上气,动则喘甚。老昌辉教授以中医气血阴阳理论为基点,结合肺胀的发病特点及临床实践经验,认为肺胀稳定期的治疗不应只拘泥于肺,强调肺肾同源,肾为生气之根,久病及肾,临证首当从肾论治,固本培元为要,使肺气得以充养,肾气充沛,摄纳有权,则气畅喘舒,总结得出了补肾培元法治疗肺胀稳定期的特色治疗原则,并创制了院内制剂补肾培元胶囊,广泛应用于临床,疗效显著。     

杨淑莲结合精准医疗理念辨治骨髓增生异常综合征经验

杨淑莲教授认为"髓毒劳"作为骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的中医对应名称更好地反映了疾病本质,指出本病以正气亏虚为主,气(阳)虚、阴(血)虚者均较常见,气阴两虚或兼夹热毒、痰浊、瘀血者亦多见,单纯邪实者少见,故其病机以气血阴阳亏虚为本,以瘀血、痰浊、热毒为标,常见热毒炽盛、瘀毒内阻、气阴两虚、脾肾两虚等证型。杨老师结合精准医疗诊断特点,参照国际常用的MDS预后积分系统,动态应用解毒、益气、健脾、补肾等治疗方法,分期论治MDS,疗效显著。     

慢性主观性头晕病机探讨与常见证候分析

目的:探讨慢性主观性头晕(CSD)的病机与证候分布。方法:采集125例CSD头晕患者的一般资料、中医四诊信息,对年龄、性别、症状、证候、证素进行统计学描述、分析。结果:CSD患者以青中年为主,男女比例1.0∶1.6。男女平均年龄、年龄分布差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。核心症状除头晕沉、头痛、自觉走路不稳或晃动等,尚包含眠差、急躁、心烦等精神症状及易疲乏、健忘、心慌等躯体症状。证候以阴虚证、痰热证、瘀热证常见,三组证候年龄分布、证候性别分布差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。与阴虚证相比,痰热证、瘀热证皆以≤44岁青年人居多(P<0.05),与瘀热证相比,阴虚证以45~59岁中年人较多(P<0.05),在≥60岁年龄段,三组证候分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);阴虚证、瘀热证以女性为主(P<0.05),痰热证以男性为主(P<0.05)。结论:CSD病位在心,为形神共病,神病为主导。邪扰神躁、清窍不利、形神失和为其主要病机,阳躁不宁、火热内扰是其发病基础。常见证候不外虚实之分,实证责之因郁化热、阳动神躁,虚证责之阴虚热扰、阳旺神浮。临证治疗CSD,当分析病因,明晰体质,随证施治,总以恢复脏腑气化,神安形合为根本目标。