微视频联合微信在《神经病学》教学中的应用

目的研究微视频课堂播放联合课后微信平台共享教学模式在《神经病学》应用的教学效果。方法将《神经病学》教学任务中常见疾病的症状、体征及诊疗录制成微小视频,将预防医学和临床医学专业的22个班级随机分成对照组和试验组,分别进行常规模式教学和常规模式结合微视频课堂播放联合课后微信平台共享教学模式,通过理论考试、病案分析、文献检索能力及问卷调查方式综合评估教学效果。结果与对照组比较,试验组小考试及典型病案分析成绩的及格率、优秀率及平均分均提高(P<0.05)。试验组最终考试的及格率更高(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义;两组最终考试的优秀率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组平均分更高(P<0.05)。结论微视频课堂播放联合课后微信平台共享教学模式在《神经病学》教学中的应用具有良好的教学效果。     

基于二维码的电子诊疗卡系统的设计

目的构建一个以二维码作为电子诊疗卡替代医院传统诊疗卡的系统。方法依托医院微医疗平台,对患者唯一标识和时间戳进行MD5计算生成字符串,并以此内容生成二维码作为电子诊疗卡,同时对HIS进行相应改造,实现电子诊疗卡在全院的应用。结果利用时间戳和MD5签名生成二维码保证了电子诊疗卡加密的唯一性、时效性,医院每年节约成本5万元,患者每次就诊时间减少5 min,提升了患者满意度。结论本文构建的二维码电子诊疗卡系统,解决了使用实体诊疗卡过程中经常出现的忘带卡和重复办卡等问题,提高了医院服务质量,改善了患者就医体验。     

Focal hole versus screw stimulation to prevent false negative results in detecting pedicle breaches during spinal instrumentation

ObjectiveWe describe a stimulus-evoked EMG approach to minimize false negative results in detecting pedicle breaches during lumbosacral spinal instrumentation.MethodsIn 36 patients receiving 176 lumbosacral pedicle screws, EMG threshold to nerve root activation was determined using a focal probe inserted into the pilot hole at a depth, customized to the individual patients, suitable to position the stimulating tip at the point closest to the tested nerve root. Threshold to screw stimulation was also determined.ResultsMean EMG thresholds in 161 correctly fashioned pedicle instrumentations were 7.5 mA ± 2.46 after focal hole stimulation and 21.8 mA ± 6.8 after screw stimulation. Direct comparison between both thresholds in individual pedicles showed that screw stimulation was always biased by an unpredictable leakage of the stimulating current ranging from 10 to 90%. False negative results were never observed with hole stimulation but this was not true with screw stimulation.ConclusionsFocal hole stimulation, unlike screw stimulation, approaches absolute EMG threshold as shown by the lower normal limit (2.6 mA; p < 0.05) that borders the upper limit of threshold to direct activation of the exposed root.SignificanceThe technique provides an early warning of a possible pedicle breakthrough before insertion of the more harmful, larger and threaded screw.     

Social dimension and complexity differentially influence brain responses during feedback processing

Recent research emphasizes the importance of social factors during performance monitoring. Thus, the current study investigated the impact of social stimuli -such as communicative gestures- on feedback processing. Moreover, it addressed a shortcoming of previous studies, which failed to consider stimulus complexity as potential confounding factor. Twenty-four volunteers performed a time estimation task while their electroencephalogram was recorded. Either social complex, social non-complex, non-social complex, or non-social non-complex stimuli were used to provide performance feedback. No effects of social dimension or complexity were found for task performance. In contrast, Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) and P300 amplitudes were sensitive to both factors, with larger FRN and P300 amplitudes after social compared to non-social stimuli, and larger FRN amplitudes after complex positive than non-complex positive stimuli. P2 amplitudes were solely sensitive to feedback valence and social dimension. Subjectively, social complex stimuli were rated as more motivating than non-social complex ones. Independently of each other, social dimension and visual complexity influenced amplitude variation during performance monitoring. Social stimuli seem to be perceived as more salient, which is corroborated by P2, FRN and P300 results, as well as by subjective ratings. This could be explained due to their given relevance during every day social interactions.     

Changes in Geometry and Transportation of Root Canals with Severe Curvature Prepared by Different Heat-treated Nickel-titanium Instruments: A Micro–computed Tomographic Study

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare the shaping ability of 4 different nickel-titanium systems, considering their variation in alloy treatment, kinematics, and design, used to prepare canals with severe curvature using micro–computed tomographic analysis.MethodsThirty-two mesial roots of mandibular molars with severe curvature were matched based on similar morphologic dimensions and assigned to 4 experimental groups (n = 8) according to the canal preparation: ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), Reciproc (RC; VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany), Reciproc Blue (RCB, VDW GmbH), and TRUShape (TRU; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) systems. Changes in 2-dimensional (area and perimeter) and 3-dimensional (volume, surface area, and structure model index) morphologic parameters as well as canal transportation were compared among groups using the analysis of variance post hoc Tukey tests with the significance level set at 5%.ResultsPreparation significantly increased all analyzed parameters. No statistically significant differences (P > .05) were observed between RC and RCB or between PTN and TRS in any of the analyzed parameters. In the cervical third, RC and RCB presented higher mean increases than PTN and TRU. In the apical third, there were no statistically significant differences (P > .05) among the systems.ConclusionsThe instruments of greater taper may promote greater morphologic changes. However, regardless of the number of instruments (multiple or single), the type of movement (rotation or reciprocating), the type of heat treatment of alloys, and the particular characteristics of each instrument (taper and design), the evaluated systems did not result in different dimensional changes and canal transportation in the critical apical area.     

微视频在ICU气管套管带管出院患者家属健康教育中的应用

目的探讨应用微视频对ICU气管套管带管出院患者的家属实施健康教育的效果。方法选取2018年9月—2020年9月的100例气管套管带管出院患者的家属,根据随机数字表法将其随机分为对照组和试验组各50例,对照组实施常规健康教育和随访;试验组在此基础上将患者出院后面临的共性问题进行归纳总结,制定并应用微视频对其实施健康教育。分别比较两组患者家属在气管套管相关知识知晓率、气管套管护理操作的准确性以及患者气管切开并发症发生率之间的差异。结果试验组家属在气管套管相关知识的知晓率和护理技能的得分均高于对照组家属(P<0.05),但患者气管切开相关并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论应用微视频实施健康教育可有效提高ICU气管套管带管出院患者家属的管路护理水平,提高患者带管期间的安全性。     

The relationships among monocyte subsets,miRNAs and inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes irreversible myocardial damage and release of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines and miRNAs. We aimed to investigate changes in the levels of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10), miRNAs profiles (miR-146 and miR-155) and distribution of different monocyte subsets (CD14++CD16-, CD14++CD16+, CD14+CD16++) in the acute and post-healing phases of AMI.

Large-scale analysis of interindividual variability in single and paired-pulse TMS data

ObjectiveThis study brought together over 60 transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) researchers to create the largest known sample of individual participant single and paired-pulse TMS data to date, enabling a more comprehensive evaluation of factors driving response variability.MethodsAuthors of previously published studies were contacted and asked to share deidentified individual TMS data. Mixed-effects regression investigated a range of individual and study level variables for their contribution to variability in response to single and paired-pulse TMS data.Results687 healthy participant’s data were pooled across 35 studies. Target muscle, pulse waveform, neuronavigation use, and TMS machine significantly predicted an individual’s single-pulse TMS amplitude. Baseline motor evoked potential amplitude, motor cortex hemisphere, and motor threshold (MT) significantly predicted short-interval intracortical inhibition response. Baseline motor evoked potential amplitude, test stimulus intensity, interstimulus interval, and MT significantly predicted intracortical facilitation response. Age, hemisphere, and TMS machine significantly predicted MT.ConclusionsThis large-scale analysis has identified a number of factors influencing participants’ responses to single and paired-pulse TMS. We provide specific recommendations to minimise interindividual variability in single and paired-pulse TMS data.SignificanceThis study has used large-scale analyses to give clarity to factors driving variance in TMS data. We hope that this ongoing collaborative approach will increase standardisation of methods and thus the utility of single and paired-pulse TMS.     

微型针刀松解疗法治疗颈源性头痛的临床研究

目的:观察微型针刀松解疗法及针灸治疗颈源性头痛的疗效差异。方法:选取2015年7月~2018年6月在我院门诊确诊为颈源性头痛的71例患者,并随机分为针刀组(34例)和针灸组(37例),针刀组采用微型针刀松解治疗,针灸组给予单纯针灸治疗,分别于治疗前后采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)进行疗效评定。结果:针刀组总有效率为97.05%,显著高于针灸组的81.08%(P<0.05);针刀组静息、活动VAS评分改善程度均显著优于针灸组(P<0.05)。结论:微型针刀松解疗法治疗颈源性头痛疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

艾烟刺激敏感针灸师人群流行病学特征分析——基于733例面对面横断面调查数据

目的:探索易产生艾烟刺激反应的针灸师人群流行病学特征,为临床艾烟安全性防护提供进一步指导;进一步验证网络调查的可行性。方法:自制艾烟机体反应调查问卷,对临床长期从事艾灸工作的针灸医师进行面对面问卷调查,运用Logistic回归模型分析影响针灸师易产生刺激反应的因素,获取对艾烟刺激敏感针灸师人群的流行病学特征。结果:共获取733例有效数据。多因素Logistic回归模型分析显示,慢性呼吸疾病史是接触艾烟后产生咳嗽、喉中有痰、气喘、呼吸困难、短气、鼻干刺激反应的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01);女性发生咳嗽、流泪、鼻干刺激反应的风险性高于男性(P<0.05,P<0.01);吸烟者发生眼干、眼痛的风险性高于不吸烟者(P<0.05);二手香烟暴露者发生短气的风险性高于非二手烟暴露者(P<0.05)。指数趋势线分析表明,网络调查和面对面调查所反映的机体刺激反应结果基本一致。结论:针灸师长期接触艾烟后产生机体刺激反应与慢性呼吸疾病史、女性、吸烟或二手香烟暴露有关,应对这类人群予以重点关注。网络问卷调查可用于艾烟安全性流行病学调查。