Long term changes in the vascular wall after laser recanalization of an artery

All-Union Surgical Research Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Malinovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 12, pp. 653–657, December, 1991.     

青黛颗粒抗炎、镇痛作用的实验研究

目的 :通过对青黛颗粒抗炎、镇痛作用的实验研究 ,探讨该药治疗溃疡性结肠炎的作用机理。方法 :采用小鼠醋酸扭体法、大鼠棉球肉芽肿法和角叉菜胶所致大鼠足肿胀方法。结果 :青黛颗粒给药高、中、低剂量组和阳性对照药组均明显降低小鼠扭体次数 (P<0 .0 5～P<0 .0 1)。对大鼠棉球肉芽肿和大鼠足肿胀有显著的抑制作用 (P <0 .0 1～P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :青黛颗粒分别对大鼠具有抗炎、对小鼠具有镇痛作用。且镇痛作用呈量效关系     

Significance of eosinophilic granulocytes in chronic subdural hematomas

Despite a number of studies on infiltration of eosinophilic granulocytes into the outer membrane of chronic subdural hematomas, the significance of this phenomenon is not clear. We investigated histologically the membranes of 40 patients with chronic subdural encapsulated hematoma. Infiltrations with eosinophilic leucocytes were found in the granulation tissue of the inner layer of the outer membrane, either diffuse and sporadic (12 cases) or as massive agglomerations (28 cases). Fifty percent of the patients with marked infiltrations were between 61 and 80 years old. In 5 cases Charcot-Leyden crystals were identified. The numerous functions of the eosinophils play a more important role in repair than in maintenance of fluidity of hematomas.     

流化床喷雾制粒机若干机理的研究

研究了流化床喷雾制粒机的起始流化速率，粉粒平稳流化及其控制方法，喷雾制粒机理和骤变失稳现象，指出起始流化速度的实验值远大于理论值，但是可以通过对床层压降的监控，实现平稳流化的操作控制，颗粒以团骤方式长大，而温骤变失稳是本文流化制粒失效的主要形式，讨论了多种过程参量对制粒和骤变失稳的影响，其结果有助于指导实际生产。     

The juxtaglomerular apparatus in malignant hypertension of man

Summary Investigation of the behaviour of the renal Juxtaglomerular apparatus in 19 patients with malignant hypertension has shown that in kidneys fixed immediately after operation the Juxtaglomerular granulation index is twice as high as in autopsy kidneys. The formation of renin by the epitheloid cells begins with the appearance of osmiophilic substances in the region of the endoplasmic reticulum. The first stages of granule formation are small rhomboid particles in the Golgi cisternes, which aggregate to form bigger round or polymorphic granules in the Golgi area.In pathological conditions the substances synthesized may be set free and become active locally as a result of fibrinoid necrosis of the vascular wall. The rate of production is increased firstly by forcing rhe production of active agents in the preexistent epitheloid cells, secondly by transformation of the so-called bivalent cells and finally, by cell division.In accelerated hypertension the production of renin also takes place in nephrons whose glomeruli, tubules and macula densa, are damaged. There is a correlation between blood pressure elevation and the Juxtaglomerular granulation index.

---

Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen über das Verhalten des juxtaglomerulären Zellkomplexes der Niere bei 19 Patienten mit maligner Hypertonie haben folgendes ergeben: In operativ gewonnenen und sofort fixierten Nieren ist der juxtaglomeruläre Granulationsindex doppelt so hoch wie in Nieren aus dem Sektionsgut. Die Reninbildung der epitheloiden Zellen beginnt mit dem Auftreten osmiophiler Substanzen im Bereich des endoplasmatischen Reticulums. Kleine rhomboide Gebilde in Golgizisternen sind Vorstufen von reifen Sekretgranula, die sich im Golgifeld zu größeren runden oder vielgestaltigen Sekrettropfen zusammenlagern.Unter pathologischen Bedingungen können infolge fibrinoider Gefäß- wandnekrosen Sekretsubstanzen lokal frei und lokal wirksam werden. Vermehrte Arbeitsleistung erfolgt zunächst durch Forcierung der Sekretproduktion in den präexistenten epitheloiden Zellen, sodann durch Transformierung sogenannter bivalenter Zellen und schließlich durch Zellneubildungen.Reninproduktion findet bei akzelerierter Hypertonie auch in solchen Nephronen statt, deren Glomerula und Tubuli samt Macula densa strukturell geschädigt sind. Es besteht eine Korrelation zwischen Höhe des Blutdruckes und Höhe des Granulationsindex.

     

活血生肌法抗瘢痕作用机理的实验与临床研究

目的 探讨活血生肌法抗瘢痕的作用机理与疗效。方法 动物实验用大鼠造模后随机分为三组：治疗Ⅰ组、治疗Ⅱ组、对照组。分别给予半导体激光照射、活血生肌疗法(生肌活血油 半导体激光照射)、碘伏纱布处理。取创面肉芽组织及其血液，测定纤维连接蛋白(Fn)及创面碱性成纤维因子(b-FGF)的含量，同时观察伤口愈合情况，进行比较。临床研究：以76例腋臭术后切口为抗瘢痕研究对象，分为A、B、C三组(A组对照组、B组治疗Ⅰ组、C组治疗Ⅱ组)。三组除常规用药外，B组与C组再分别给予半导体激光照射及活血生肌疗法(生肌活血油 半导体激光照射)治疗。结果 动物实验表明，治疗Ⅱ组可明显提高血液及肉芽组织中Fn的含量；在创面修复的炎症和增殖期b-FGF水平可显著增加，在塑形期b-FGF水平降低；改善创面血液循环，促进中性粒细胞浸润和巨噬细胞的游出，提高局部抗感染能力；加速新陈代谢，与治疗Ⅰ组、对照组相比具有显著性差异。C组在切口周围肿胀程度、疼痛缓解时间、愈合时间、切口愈合瘢痕宽度、病人满意程度等指标方面明显优于A、B组。结论 活血生肌疗法具有消肿胀、生新肌、通血脉、抗瘢痕的作用。     

正交设计优选保肾颗粒剂喷雾制粒工艺

目的:为提高喷雾制粒颗粒的成品率及提高经济效益,需要筛选制备工艺。方法:采用新型喷雾制粒机制粒,以浸膏的提取工艺、黏合剂的用量、进出口的风温及辅料的配比为考察因素,每个因素2个水平,以颗粒的成品率为考察指标,采用正交试验设计法优选出最佳喷雾制粒工艺。结果:4因素中以黏合剂的用量影响最为明显,其次为进出口风的温度。浸膏的提取工艺及辅料的配比影响不大。结论:保肾颗粒剂最佳的喷雾制粒工艺条件为蔗糖与环糊精的配比为2∶1;进风口的温度为90~100℃;出风口的温度为50~60℃;黏合剂的用量为0.5%。提取液以不经过醇沉为佳。     

Optimization of the High-Shear Wet Granulation Wetting Process Using Fuzzy Logic Modeling

A fuzzy model has been developed for the optimization of high-shear wet granulation wetting on a plant scale depending on the characteristics of pharmaceutical active substance particles. The model optimized on the basis of experimental data involves a set of rules obtained from expert knowledge and full-scale process data. The skewness coefficient of particle size distribution and the tapped density of the granulated mixture were chosen as the model input variables. The output of the fuzzy ruled system is the optimal quantity of wetting liquid. In comparison to manufacturing practice, a very strong sensitivity of the optimal quantity of the added wetting liquid to the size and shape of the active substance particles has been identified by fuzzy modeling.     

干法压片密度一致性调控机制与准则模拟研究

目的 针对干法压片溶解特性与一致性难以调控的共性问题，模拟研究干法压片密度一致性的调控机制与准则。方法 基于Edinburgh Elastic-Plastic Adhesion接触模型，构建干法压片的集粉体螺杆输送与滚压压片于一体的协同耦合模拟仿真方法，提出通过体积流量压缩比调控干法压片相对密度及其一致性的技术，诠释其调控机理。结果 模拟建立了平均相对密度与体积流量压缩比的协同耦合线性关联控制模型，满足压片溶解特性和强度所需的临界体积流量压缩比为0.91，揭示了压片均匀性与稳定性RSD与体积流量压缩比协同耦合演化规律，调控压片均匀性与稳定性RSD<5%的体积流量压缩比取值空间为0.58~1.31。结论 同时保证溶解特性与一致性技术要求的调控准则是干法滚压制粒机的体积流量压缩比应设置在0.91~1.31的取值空间内。     

Impact of fillers on dissolution kinetic of fenofibrate dry foams

Abstract

Dry foam technology reveals the opportunity to improve the dissolution behavior of poorly soluble drugs tending to agglomeration due to micronization. In this study, the impact of fillers on the manufacturability, the properties of dry foams and granules as well as the dissolution kinetics of dry foam tablets was investigated using fenofibrate as a model compound. Different maltodextrins and dried glucose syrups, a maltodextrin–phosphatidylcholine complex, isomalt and a 1:1 mixture of mannitol/glucose syrup were used as filler. Within the group of maltodextrins and glucose syrups, the influences of dextrose equivalent (DE), particle morphology and botanical source of starch were investigated. Comparable macroscopic foam structures were obtained with maltodextrins and glucose syrups whereas different foam morphologies were obtained for the other fillers tested. Regarding the maltodextrins and glucose syrups, different physicochemical and particle properties had a minor impact on granule characteristics and tablet dissolution. Using the maltodextrin–phosphatidylcholine complex resulted in a low specific surface area of the granules and a slow tablet dissolution caused by a slow disintegration. In contrast, a high specific surface area and a fast release were obtained with isomalt and glucose syrup/mannitol mixture indicating that high soluble low molecular weight fillers enable the development of fast dissolving dry foam tablets.