咪达唑仑和丙泊酚镇静用于结肠镜检查的比较(前瞻性随机对照研究)

目的借助脑电双频指数（bispectral index，BIS）监测，随机前瞻性比较咪达唑仑和丙泊酚用于结肠镜检查的镇静深度、镇静效果和安全性。方法接受无痛结肠镜检查患者60例，用随机数字表分为3组，每组20例：Ⅰ组，咪达唑仑首次剂量0．06mg／kg；Ⅱ组，丙泊酚首次剂量1．0mg／kg；Ⅲ组，丙泊酚首次剂量1．5mg／kg。于丙泊酚给药后1min、眯达唑仑给药后2min进镜。病人出现不良反应且影响操作时追加丙泊酚20～30mg。监测血压、心率、血氧饱和度值（SpO，）、BIS值，以BIS值反映镇静深度。结果进镜时镇静深度由浅到深依次为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（F=25．40，P=0．000），检查中的BIS最低值无统计学差异。进镜时三组患者均无不良反应，丙泊酚追加剂量Ⅰ组明显少于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组，清醒时间Ⅰ组明显长于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组。Ⅰ组有1例心率〈60次／min，Ⅲ组有1例血压〈90／60inmHg，均为一过性，三组SpO2均大于90％。结论咪达唑仑0．06mg／kg和丙泊酚1．0mg／kg作为首次剂量用于结肠镜检查，检查中适时追加丙泊酚镇静深度，镇静效果满意且安全。     

红景天镇静催眠作用的实验研究

目的探讨中药红景天(Rhodiola rosea)的镇静催眠作用。方法取雄性SD大鼠30只,设正常对照组(不灌服任何药物)、阴性对照组(灌服羧甲基纤维素钠溶液)、地西泮组(灌服地西泮溶液)、红景天低剂量组(灌服低剂量红景天)、红景天中剂量组(灌服中剂量红景天)和红景天高剂量组(灌服高剂量红景天),每组5只。灌服药物1h后,各组动物按照55mg/kg的剂量腹腔注射0.1%戊巴比妥钠溶液,记录每只大鼠从腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠到翻正反射消失的时间为睡眠潜伏期,翻正反射消失的到翻正反射开始出现的时间为睡眠时间,观察灌服不同剂量红景天对大鼠睡眠潜伏期及睡眠时间的影响。结果与正常对照组(3.24±0.22、93.96±2.25)相比,灌服中剂量及高剂量的红景天可以缩短大鼠的睡眠潜伏期(2.42±0.33,P<0.01;2.16±0.13,P<0.01),亦可延长大鼠的睡眠时间(102.54±3.15,P<0.05;107.10±7.75,P<0.05)。结论中剂量及高剂量的的红景天对大鼠具有镇静催眠作用。     

Eye Movements and Visually Active Dreams

There are a number of reports suggesting an association between profusion of eye movements and active dreaming. It has however been suggested that this relationship might only be evident in comparisons across the night and would not be evident in comparisons within one REM period. Data from 20 subjects taking placebo, amylobarbitone, and nitrazepam were used to test this. Dream reports were collected from REM awakenings and rated blind as visually active or passive. Eye movement profusion (number of 2 sec epochs) was assessed for each REM period. Correlation between dream content and eye movement was low but significant in comparisons including the whole night, and including data from drug, withdrawal, and placebo conditions. A significant correlation was not consistently obtained, however, when data from each REMP were considered separately. Correlations based on data from non-drug nights only were also small and could have been due to chance effects alone. The low correlations were not explicable solely by poor reliability of content ratings. It is concluded that the relationship between visually active dreaming and eye movement is slight, and may not hold when time of night is adequately controlled.     

住院精神病患者滥用镇静催眠药物倾向

目的:调查我院住院精神病患者镇静催眠药物使用情况.并对相关因素进行分析.方法:通过对591例住院精神病患者的病历进行回顾性调查,获取相关资料并进行分析.结果:住院精神病患者应用镇静催眠药物主要集中在40～49岁,住院时间≤5年,且女性相对用药率明显高于男性.结论:镇静催眠药物在住院精神病患者中的滥用倾向与患者的性别、年龄、住院时间及医师的工作情况有关.     

咪唑安定复合芬太尼在硬膜外麻醉中的应用

目的探讨咪唑安定(力月西,Midazolam)与芬太尼(Fentanyl)联合在硬膜外麻醉中的镇静程度、遗忘及抑制内脏牵拉反应的作用。方法将择期腹部手术行硬膜外麻醉患者60例,随机分为2组(Ⅰ,Ⅱ组)各30例,Ⅰ组静注咪唑安定(力月西)0.04 mg/kg,2 min后静注芬太尼0.75μg/kg;Ⅱ组静注氟哌定0.05 mg/kg 芬太尼0.75μg/kg。两组术中酌情追加首次剂量的1/3~1/2。注药后不同时段记录镇静情况,以改良警觉/镇静观察评分法(OAA/S),观察HR、SBP、DBP和SPO2及术中牵拉反应情况。结果两组在术中的镇静效果无差异,术毕Ⅰ组较Ⅱ组苏醒快,能产生较深的遗忘作用,且能更好的抑制内脏牵拉反应。结论只要加强术中管理,咪唑安定(力月西)复合芬太尼在硬膜外麻醉中能够替代芬氟合剂。     

A Recombinant Inbred Strain Analysis of Sleep-Time Responses to Several Sedative-Hypnotics

The results of previous studies suggested that the sleep-time differential between long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) mice decreases for a series of sedative-hypnotic drugs as lipid solubility increases. Using the LS x SS recombinant inbred (RI) strains, we have tested whether this relationship arises because of common genetic influences on the sleep-time responses or was simply a fortuitous difference between LS and SS mice. Mice were sleep-time tested after intraperitoneal injections of a variety of sedative-hypnotic drugs that vary in lipid solubility including alcohols, barbiturates, chloral hydrate, and urethane. Sleep-time values from each of these drugs were compared with ethanol-induced sleep times in the LS x SS RI strains. Significant genetic correlations were observed between ethanol-induced sleep time and those responses elicited by butanol, propanol, and chloral hydrate, but not by pentobarbital or secobarbital. When the partition coefficient (log P) values were compared with the genetic correlations, a significant relationship (r = -0.85) was observed. These data suggest that common genes mediate sedative-hypnotic reactions to ethanol and some drugs resembling it in log P value, and that anesthetic agents with low lipid solubility may be working through different mechanisms than drugs with greater lipid solubilities.     

Characterization of the anxiolytic and sedative profile of JM-20: a novel benzodiazepine–dihydropyridine hybrid molecule

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of a novel benzodiazepine derivative, JM-20, on the neurological behavior of different rodent models, focusing on the GABAergic effect. We have also investigated the acute toxicity of oral administration of JM-20 in mice.

Methods: Mice or rats received oral administration of JM-20 at 2, 4, 8, and 10 mg/kg to evaluate the sedative/hypnotic, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant effects, as well as the influence on the stereotyped behavior induced by amphetamine. Diazepam (DZP) was used as a positive control. In addition, the mice received a single oral JM-20 dose of 2000 mg/kg to evaluate the acute toxicity.

Results: In a dose-dependent manner, JM-20 (i) increased the number of crossings and decreased the number of rearings in the open-field test; (ii) decreased the aggressive behavior of socially-isolated mice; and (iii) increased the latency period for tonic seizure’s onset and the percentage of survival of animals with seizures. Moreover, JM-20 increased the sleeping time induced by barbiturates and the time spent and the number of entries in the open arms of the elevated plus-maze test. In the JM-20 toxicity test, no mortality was observed and only minor signs of toxicity associated with sedation were detected.

Conclusions: These results indicate that JM-20 has an anxiolytic profile similar to DZP and its dihydropyridine moiety did not appear to interfere with the GABAergic activity associated with benzodiazepine. Furthermore, JM-20 did not show significant acute toxic effects in mice.     

不同比例五味子宁神口服液镇静催眠作用研究

目的:寻找五味子宁神口服液镇静催眠作用的最佳配伍比例。方法:通过对小鼠自发活动的影响、对戊巴比妥钠的协同作用、对中枢神经递质的影响等3方面药理学研究,探讨五味子宁神口服液不同配伍比例的镇静催眠作用。结果:五味子宁神口服液以原方用药25%五味子比例作用最好。结论:五味子宁神口服液组方配伍是合理的。     

柏子养心丸镇静催眠作用实验研究

目的:考察柏子养心丸对小鼠的镇静催眠作用。方法:采用戊巴比妥钠对小鼠睡眠的协同作用方法。结果:柏子养心丸可明显延长阈上剂量戊巴比妥纳所致小鼠睡眠时间,增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠睡眠动物数。结论: 提示柏子养心丸具有镇静催眠作用。     

Effects of personal interactions and setting on subjective drug responses in small groups

Subjective responses induced by secobarbital and meprobamate were evaluated in 4×4 controlled trials in small groups of healthy young adults over 4 months. Drug effects were mainly influenced by attitudes toward the project, personal interactions, and anticipations of the subjects. The effects of some of these factors were similar to, and at least as powerful as those which are usually considered characteristic of sedatives and stimulants. The same factors, however, did not apparently affect objective responses.