Mad honey intoxication: A systematic review on the 1199 cases

Mad honey, produced by honeybees from the nectars of Rhododendron genus (R. ponticum and R. luteum) flowers, is widely used in indigenous medicine, especially in the treatment of hypertension and sexual dysfunction. However, the consumption of this honey can result in intoxication soon after. The diagnosis of honey poisoning and a full understanding of its treatment is important for both effective and immediate treatment, and also for the prevention of unnecessary costs. Upon the evaluation of approximately 34 years of case reports between 1981 and 2014, it was found that the cases of poisoning were more frequently reported in males (75.17%) and between the ages 41 to 65. The most common complaints related to honey poisoning were dizziness, nausea, presyncope and the ECG findings were: sinus bradycardia (79.58%), complete atrioventricular block (45.83%), atrioventricular block (30.91%), ST-segment elevation (22.63%), and nodal rhythm (11.27%), As a result of the evaluation of 1199 cases, it was found that no deaths were reported. The patients were most frequently treated with 0.5 mg atropine (37.79%), 1 mg atropine (49.73%), salin (iv fluid) (65.35%), and generally the patients were discharged within 24 h after recovery.     

映山红花总黄酮对全脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑基底动脉超极化反应的诱导作用

目的 探讨映山红花总黄酮（TFR）对内皮源性超极化因子（EDHF）介导的全脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑基底动脉（CBA）血管舒张和平滑肌细胞膜静息电位超极化反应的诱导作用。方法 采用四血管结扎法建立大鼠全脑缺血再灌注模型，测定离体大鼠CBA平滑肌细胞膜静息电位和血管舒张功能。结果 在3×10^?5 mol/L L–NAME和1×10^?5 mol/L吲哚美辛存在时，全脑缺血再灌注可明显促进乙酰胆碱（Ach，1×10^?7～1×10^?5 mol/L）诱导大鼠CBA产生非NO、非PGI₂介导的血管舒张和平滑肌细胞膜静息电位超极化；TFR 11～2 700 mg/L可使全脑缺血再灌注大鼠CBA产生较明显的非NO、非PGI₂介导的血管舒张和平滑肌细胞膜静息电位超极化反应，并能被Ca²⁺激活的K通道阻断剂四乙胺（TEA，1 mmol/L）和内源性硫化氢（H₂S）生成抑制剂dl-炔丙基甘氨酸（PPG，1×10^?4 mol/L）显著抑制。结论 全脑缺血再灌注明显增强大鼠CBA中非NO、非PGI₂介导的血管舒张和平滑肌细胞超级化。TFR明显诱导全脑缺血再灌注大鼠CBA产生此种血管舒张和超级化，即EDHF反应，并可能与H₂S有关。     

Flavonoids from the leaves ofRhododendron brachycarpum

The flavonoids isolated from the leaves ofRhododendron brachycarpum, were identified as quercetin, avicularin, quercitrin and hyperin.     

髯花杜鹃叶中的五个单萜化合物(英文)

目的:研究藏药髯花杜鹃Rhododendron anthopogon叶中的单萜类成分。方法:采用柱色谱技术进行分离纯化,利用波谱数据鉴定了化合物的结构。结果:从中分离得到5个单萜类化合物,分别为髯花杜鹃素A (1)、cannabiorcicyclolic acid(2)、髯花杜鹃素B (3)、髯花杜鹃素C(4)和髯花杜鹃素D(5)。结论:所有化合物均为首次从植物中分离得到。同时修正了髯花杜鹃素A的核磁数据。     

高效液相色谱法测定烈香杜鹃油滴丸中苄基丙酮含量

目的 :建立高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定烈香杜鹃油滴丸中苄基丙酮的含量。 方法 :色谱柱为Kromasil C₁₈柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-水(45 ∶55),流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长为258 nm。 结果 :HPLC法分离良好,样品中杂质不干扰苄基丙酮的测定。苄基丙酮进样量在1.5~75μg内与峰面积线性关系良好, r ＝0.999 9( n ＝7),平均回收率为101.3％,RSD 1.3％。 结论: 本方法简单﹑准确、专属性强,可控性强,重复性好,可用于烈香杜鹃油滴丸中苄基丙酮的含量测定。     

小叶杜鹃总黄酮固体分散体制备工艺

目的:研究小叶杜鹃总黄酮-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)固体分散体的最佳制备工艺。方法:选用L9(34)正交表设计试验,以固体分散体中总黄酮2 h累积溶出率作为评价指标,采用减压干燥法制备小叶杜鹃总黄酮-PVP固体分散体。结果:小叶杜鹃总黄酮固体分散体的最佳制备工艺为加6倍量载体,6倍量乙醇溶解,减压干燥2 h,干燥温度60℃。结论:小叶杜鹃总黄酮-PVP固体分散体对小叶杜鹃总黄酮有很好的增溶效果。     

Studies on the chemical constituents of the roots of Rhododendron molle G. don

Summary The compounds from the root ofRhododendron molle G. Don were isolated, purified by various chromatographic techniques, and their structures were identified according to the physical and chemical features and spectral data. Three compounds were separated from the root ofRhododendron molle G. Don and identified as Rhodojaponin-III,taraxerol, β-sitosterol for the first time. XIANG Yanni, female, born in 1976, Postgraduate student     

羊踯躅根对免疫复合物型肾小球肾炎核因子κB表达的影响

目的探讨核因子κB（NF-κB）在免疫复合物型肾小球肾炎发病机制中的作用；观察羊踯躅根对其表达的影响。方法采用牛血清白蛋白（BSA）方法复制免疫复合物型肾小球肾炎大鼠模型，设对照组、模型组和羊踯躅根治疗组。分别进行24h尿蛋白定量、血清肌酐检测和肾组织学检查；采用实时荧光PCR方法检测NF-κB抑制剂IκBmRNA的表达；Western blot方法检测NF-κB蛋白的表达。结果与对照组相比，治疗组和模型组的24h尿蛋白定量、血肌酐明显增加，出现异常肾组织学改变；治疗组与模型组比较，肾脏病理改变减轻，IκBmRNA降解减少，NF-κB蛋白表达下降，具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论NF-κB在免疫复合物型肾小球肾炎的发病机制中扮演了重要角色，羊踯躅根制剂可能通过抑制NF-κB的激活和表达对免疫复合物型肾小球肾炎的治疗发挥作用。     

5种药用杜鹃种子形态研究

目的:对5种药用杜鹃的种子形态进行观察,为其种类鉴别提供科学依据。方法:利用扫描电子显微镜对杜鹃种子进行观察。结果:杜鹃Rhododendrsimsi属无翅类型,张口杜鹃R.augustini,大白杜鹃R.decorum,马樱杜鹃R.delavayi和喇叭杜鹃R.discolor等属有翅类型,后4种杜鹃形态之间也有差异。结论:利用扫描电镜对5种药用杜鹃种子观察可以明显辨别种间差异。     

6,8-二甲基-5,7,4′-三羟基双氢黄酮合成的研究

6,8-二甲基-5,7,4′-三羟基双氢黄酮(Ⅴ,简称Farrerol)是从黑龙江省植物满山红(Rhododendron dauricum L.)叶中分离出的化痰有效成分之一。本文报道两种合成farrerol的方法:A法自2,4,6-三羟基-3,5-二甲基苯(Ⅰ)与对-乙氧羰基香豆酸酰氯(Ⅳ)进行Fries重排;环合反应,B法为化合物Ⅰ经2,4,6-三羟基-3,5-二甲基苯乙酮(ⅪⅤ)与对-羟基苯甲醛(Ⅻ)在乙二醇,硼酸中进行缩合。合成品farrerol为消旋体,与天然品的药理作用、毒性及临床效果一致。