Challenges and opportunities of utilizing municipal solid waste as alternative building materials for sustainable development goals: A review

Strict environmental concern, depletion, and price hike of building construction materials are driving scientific studies for the search of alternative materials for building construction. To this end sustainable building materials could be a fruitful solution. This review aims to discern the environmental efficacy of solid waste management (SWM) and its relationship with four stimuli i.e., economic structure, regulatory structure, science, and time. The study also highlights the investigation of governance network to figure out the regulatory structure and governance of waste management. Extensive details on solid waste with their sources, recycling potential and their current utilization for substantial development are outlined. A throughout of the production process, properties, advantages, disadvantages, and the global economy of building material developed through recycling of solid waste are discussed. This article also deals with the sustainability, social, and environmental impact of green building materials. The study identifies the future direction for the effective utilization of solid waste for developing building materials. Further, the scope of the present also focusses on the concept of circular economy for developing construction materials through recycling of solid waste, which provides an easy reference for solid waste processing towards sustainability.     

Crosslinking of β-cyclodextrin on cholesterol removal from milk

This study was designed to develop crosslinking of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD), and determine the optimum conditions of different factors (mixing time, mixing temperature, and mixing speed) on cholesterol reduction from milk. Crosslinked beta-CD was prepared with epichlorohydrin. When milk was treated with different conditions, the cholesterol removal rate was in the range of 79.4 to 83.3% with 1% crosslinked beta-CD addition, which were not significantly different among treatments. After cholesterol removal from milk, the used crosslinked beta-CD was washed for cholesterol dissociation and reused. For recycling study, the cholesterol removal rate in first trial was 81.8%, which was mostly same as that using new crosslinked beta-CD. With five trials repeatedly using the same sample, the mean cholesterol removal rate was 81.2%. The present study indicated that the optimum conditions on cholesterol removal using crosslinked beta-CD were 10 min mixing with 400 rpm speed at 5 degrees C with about 80% cholesterol removal. In addition, crosslinked beta-CD resulted in the effective recycling efficiency almost 100%.     

不同类型学生对废旧电池危害的认识及处理行为调查

目的了解不同类型学生使用、处理废旧电池及对其危害认识的情况。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,抽取上海市长宁区初中、高中、中专和大学的学生580人,利用自行设计的问卷对学生使用、处理废旧电池及其危害认识的情况进行调查。结果98．0％的学生使用过电池,其中66．7％的学生将废旧电池放到电池回收箱。调查对象对“废旧电池和垃圾一起处理有危害”和“汞、镉、镍和铅可危害人体健康”的知晓率分别为87．9％、64．5％、54．0％、51．2％和72．1％,不同类型学生对废旧电池危害的知晓率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。85．2％的学生建议在居住小区内放置废电池回收箱。结论学生对废旧电池的危害认识不足,参与废旧电池回收的主动性不强,应加强相应知识的宣传,并鼓励学生参与电池回收活动。     

A role for lipoprotein lipase during synaptic remodeling in the adult mouse brain

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a member of a lipase family known to hydrolyze triglyceride molecules found in lipoprotein particles. This particular lipase also has a role in the binding of lipoprotein particles to different cell-surface receptors. LPL has been identified in the brain but has no specific function yet. This study aimed at elucidating the role of LPL in the brain in response to injury. Mice were subjected to hippocampal deafferentation using the entorhinal cortex lesion and mRNA and protein expression were assessed over a time-course of degeneration/reinnervation. Hippocampal LPL levels peaked at 2 days post-lesion (DPL) both at the mRNA and protein levels. No change was observed for receptors of the LDL-receptor family or RAP at DPL 2 in the hippocampus but the glia-specific syndecan-4 was found to be significantly upregulated at DPL 2. These results suggest that LPL is involved in the recycling of cholesterol and lipids released from degenerating terminals after a lesion through a syndecan-4-dependent pathway.     

The Effects of In-office Reconditioning on the Morphology of Slots and Bases of Stainless Steel Brackets and on the Shear/Peel Bond Strength

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the effect of five in-office bracket reconditioning methods on: (i) bracket slot width and interwing gap measurements; (ii) the appearance of the bracket bases under scanning electron microscope (SEM), and; (iii) shear/peel bond strength (SPBS).

Setting: Ex vivo study.

Method: One hundred and twenty-five brackets were initially bonded and were divided into five experimental groups and reconditioning by the following methods: (i) adhesive grinding using green stone (Gp II); (ii) sandblasting (Gp III); (iii) direct flaming (Gp IV); (iv) using the BigJane machine (Gp V), and; (v) application of Buchman method (Gp VI).

Outcomes: Distortion of the brackets. Scanning electron miscropy of three representative specimens from each group. The remaining brackets were rebonded, then shear/peel forces to failure were measured (SPBS).

Results: The ANOVA and multiple comparison test exhibited a statistical, but not clinical, significant increase in the bracket measurements of Group VI. There was a significant reduction (28%) in the SPBS of Group II. Under the SEM, the wire mesh structure was maintained; however, the amount of adhesive remnants greatly varied among the groups.

Conclusions: Although none of the in-office reconditioning methods employed adversely affected the bracket base and/or the bracket measurements, reconditioning with a green stone was not effective. Sandblasting method and direct flaming are recommended because of simplicity and time-saving advantages.     

A general method for calculating the mean transit times and distribution rate parameters of catenary metabolites.

A general method for calculating the mean transit times and distribution rate parameters is described. The calculations require the AUC, AUMC, and derivatives of the plasma concentration profiles of the metabolites and its precursor. The method is applicable to catenary metabolites with any precursor order and does not require separate administration of the metabolite. The approach is applied to published data for the primary and secondary metabolites of ketamine.     

酒精厂酒糟滤液全回流新工艺固形物循环分析

提出以固形物回流比X作为描述酒糟粗滤液全回流工艺的参数,并推导了固形物回流比X与体积回流比Y及酒糟、滤液和滤渣固形物含量的关系。证明酒糟、滤液和滤渣固形物含量在全回流无限循环时存在极限。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌处理的影响因素研究

通过土壤柱和垃圾柱进行垃圾填埋场渗滤流回灌的模拟试验，证明回灌法对有机物具有很强的净化能力。土壤结构，水力负荷，ＣＯＤ负荷，配水次数及配水浓度等对净化能力均有一定的影响。其中水力负荷是影响土壤及垃圾净化能力的关键因素。     

放射治疗流程再造及质量控制

目的对放射治疗流程进行再造与优化并对放射治疗的各个环节进行全面质量控制,使放射治疗的效率提高、差错率降低。方法通过对放射治疗各环节进行分析,对放射治疗流程进行再造。结果实施放射治疗流程再造及质量控制后,每月工作量与上年同期对比增长60%,放射治疗综合满意度提高了25.8%。结论放射治疗流程再造及质量控制,可以使放射治疗的效率提高、差错率降低。