SA脂质体介导GFP／bFGF基因在豚鼠耳蜗中的表达

目的 :观察天然碱性脂 (Stearylamine,SA)脂质体介导绿色荧光蛋白 /碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(GFP/bFGF)基因于不同时间段豚鼠耳蜗中的表达 ,为进一步研究耳聋的基因治疗提供实验基础。方法 :取豚鼠 1 6只 ,分成 4组 ,每组 4只。其中 3只右耳圆窗内注入SA -GFP/bFGF复合物 ,1只同法注入生理盐水作为对照。分别于术后第 2、7、1 4、2 1天取材。在荧光显微镜下观察GFP的表达 ,用免疫组化法检测bFGF的转导情况。结果 :荧光显微镜下见双侧耳蜗于术后第 2天开始部分细胞发出绿色荧光 ,第 7天达到高峰 ,支持细胞及内外毛细胞均显荧光 ,细胞轮廓清晰 ;第 1 4天开始减弱 ,第 2 1天消失。免疫组化染色显示 ,除血管纹外 ,耳蜗各回Corti器、螺旋韧带、螺旋缘及螺旋神经节细胞均有高浓度的表达产物 ,对照动物呈阴性表达。结论 :SA脂质体介导的GFP/bFGF基因单耳给药双侧耳蜗均有高效表达 ,为进一步研究基因治疗耳聋提供了可能。     

蕨麻素冻干脂质体的制备及理化性质的研究

目的 制备蕨麻素冻干脂质体注射剂并研究其理化性质。方法 采用薄膜超声分散法并冷冻干燥来制备蕨麻素脂质体，用葡聚糖凝胶（Sephadex G-50）微型柱离心法测定包封率。结果 制得的蕨麻素脂质体包封率为56．62％，粒径范围为71．70—166．47nm，透射显微镜下观察脂质体为粒径均匀的球类或近球状小囊泡。结论 蕨麻素脂质体处方和制备工艺稳定可行，重现性好。     

Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by the encephalitogenic peptide, in solution or bound to liposomes

We have investigated the ability of liposome-bound encephalitogenic peptide to suppress experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the guinea pig. EAE was induced by challenge with the encephalitogenic peptide, residues 113-122 of human myelin basic protein (MBP) in complete Freund's adjuvant. The peptide was acylated with stearic acid in order to anchor it to the lipid bilayer. The liposomal-bound peptide effectively suppressed clinical signs of EAE at relatively low doses, when given subcutaneously or intraperitoneally without incomplete Freund's adjuvant, several days after challenge. In vitro proliferation of lymphocytes from treated, protected animals in response to the peptide was greatly decreased but that to the purified protein derivative of tuberculin antigen was not, indicating an antigen-specific effect. However, histological signs of EAE were not reduced. The free peptide in solution was somewhat less effective when given intraperitoneally but was as or nearly as effective as liposome-bound peptide when given subcutaneously. Binding to liposomes may decrease the rate of clearance or degradation of the peptide when given intraperitoneally.     

免疫脂质体对卵巢癌细胞生长抑制试验的研究

以卵巢上皮癌单克隆抗体与包载阿霉素和顺铂的脂质体结合，制备出单抗脂质体阿霉素的交联物ＭＬＡ和单抗脂质体顺铂的交联物ＭＬＰ。并用其对卵巢癌细胞系ＳＫＯＶ，进行生长抑制实验。结果表明，ＭＬＡ在较高浓度时与ＡＤＭ有同样强的杀伤细胞能力，当浓度减低时，则ＭＬＡ明显强于阿霉素（ＡＤＭ）。而ｓＫＯＶ３对ＭＬＰ及顺铂（ＰＤＤ）均不敏感。     

Comparison of anticonvulsant effects of valproic acid entrapped in positively and negatively charged liposomes in amygdaloid-kindled rats

Intraperitoneal injection of free valproic acid (VPA) suppressed amygdaloid-kindled seizure 1 h after injection in rats, but had no effect at 24 h. VPA entrapped in positively charged liposomes showed a prolonged anticonvulsant effect lasting for 2 days, while the effect evaluated at 1 h was not different from that with free VPA. VPA entrapped in negatively charged liposomes exerted a significantly stronger effect at 1 h than did free VPA, while it had no significant effect at 24 h. These results suggest that surface charges on liposomes play an important role in modifying the anticonvulsant effect of VPA.     

pEGFP-N1-GGF2质粒的构建及其在大鼠脑内的表达

目的构建pEGFP-N1-GGF2质粒，观察其在大鼠脑组织中的表达。方法采用RT-PCR方法从人胚胎脑组织总RNA中扩增出人GGF2全长序列．并克隆到增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）基因真核表达载体pEGFP-N1上，构建pEGFP-N1-GGF2质粒．通过脂质体将pEGFP-NI-GGF2质粒转染大鼠脑组织．荧光显微镜下观察GGF2融合蛋白在大鼠脑内表达的时间和空间分布特征。结果成功构建了pEGFP-N1-GGF2表达载体，荧光显微镜观察可见，pEGFP-N1-GGF2表达载体转染6h大鼠脑内即可见GGF2融合蛋白表达．3d时融合蛋白表达最多，7d时表达量稍有下降但仍高，14d时表达量已明显下降。GGF2融合蛋白在脑内的表达以针道为中心向周围扩散．荧光信号可达皮层深部。结论脂质体介导的pEGFP-NI-GGF2质粒能够在大鼠脑内表达GGF2融合蛋白。     

SOD和Cu（Ⅱ）络合物脂质体的SOD样活性

用Cyt.c-HX-XO法分别测定了SOD和4种Cu（Ⅱ）络合物及脂质体的SOD样活性，结果表明：所有体系均有某种程度的SOD样活性，其中组氨酸酮脂质体的SOD样活性最高，Cu(Ⅱ）络合物与脂质体具有一些协同作用。     

The effect of surface sugars on liposomes in immunopotentiation

The effect of surface sugars of liposomes on the immunological responses to entrapped antigen has been investigated. alpha-Mannose and beta-galactose were grafted on the surface of liposomes containing lysozyme by covalent coupling of p-aminophenyl-D-glycosides to phosphatidyl ethanolamine liposomes using glutaraldehyde. Subcutaneous administration of antigen entrapped in beta-galactose liposomes stimulated an antibody response comparable to that elicited by sugar-free neutral liposomes. However, alpha-mannose bearing liposomes with entrapped lysozyme elicited an immune response similar to that induced by lysozyme in saline. Based on these observations it is suggested that alpha-mannose liposomes, that are specifically recognized by macrophages, are taken up rapidly by receptor mediated endocytosis and that the entrapped antigen is then rapidly degraded, resulting in low antibody production.     

前列地尔Lipo-PGE1干预肝脏血流灌注的实验研究

目的： 探讨前列地尔脂微球(liposome prostaglandin E₁,Lipo-PGE₁) 不同用药时间和途径对肝脏血流灌注的作用机制。方法: 选取健康成年犬12只，经左小隐静脉注射Lipo-PGE₁₁ μg/kg，速度均为0.05 μg·kg^-1·min^-1。分别于0 min、5 min、15 min、30 min后行肝脏CT灌注成像（computed tomography perfusion imaging，CTPI）扫描，计算肝动脉灌注量(hepatic arterial perfusion,HAP)、门静脉灌注量 (portal vein perfusion,PVP)、总肝灌注量（total liver perfusion,TLP），对照分析不同时间Lipo-PGE1对肝脏血流灌注的影响。选取健康成年犬24只，随机平均分成4组：对照组、外周静脉用药组、肝动脉组、肠系膜上动脉组。Lipo-PGE₁的用药量均为1 μg/kg、用药速度均为0.05 μg·kg^-1·min^-1，0.9%生理盐水用量为20 mL。各组用药5 min后行肝脏CTPI，比较分析不同途径给予Lipo-PGE₁对肝脏血流灌注的影响。结果: 经外周静脉注射Lipo-PGE10 min、5 min、15 min、30 min后CTPI测量的HAP(mL·min^-1·mL^-1)分别为：0.22 ±0.65、0.24±0.65、0.22±0.69、0.22±0.06；PVP (mL·min^-1·mL^-1)：1.22±0.40、1.88±0.59、1.55±0.55、1.29 ±0.57；TLP (mL·min^-1·mL^-1)分别为：1.44±0.42、2.12±0.61、1.77±0.56、1.51±0.58。方差分析显示HAP组间比较无显著差异（F=0.249，P>0.05），而PVP、TLP组间比较有显著差异（F=3.812，P<0.05）、（F=3.805，P<0.05）。5 min组PVP、TLP增加最为显著，15 min、30 min时两者仍处于高值水平。对照组和外周静脉组、肝动脉组、肠系膜上动脉组的HAP (mL·min^-1·mL^-1)分别为：0.22±0.06、0.24±0.06、0.31±0.07、0.26±0.05；PVP (mL·min^-1·mL^-1)分别为1.28±0.38、2.33±0.41、2.37±0.55、2.83±0.94；TLP (mL·min^-1·mL^-1)分别为：1.50±0.40、2.57±0.42、2.67±0.58、3.09±0.94。方差分析显示HAP组间比较无显著差异（F=2.248，P>0.05），而PVP、TLP组间比较有显著差异（F=6.892，P<0.01）、（F=7.802，P<0.01）。经肠系膜上动脉给药较其它途径给药PVP、TLP增加趋势更为显著。结论: Lipo-PGE₁能显著增强肝脏血流灌注，且主要影响门静脉灌注分量，介入技术可为快速改善肝血流灌注提供有效途径。