Insulin resistance is associated with decreased clinical status in cystic fibrosis

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) frequently have impaired glucose tolerance and progression to diabetes (DM) with clinical features of both insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. One feature of non-insulin-dependent DM is decreased insulin sensitivity, also known as insulin resistance. The goal of this study was to determine whether patients with CF exhibit insulin resistance and to determine the potential effect of insulin resistance on clinical status. We also sought to determine whether insulin resistance is associated with a specific CF genotype. We studied 18 patients with CF (8 with normal glucose tolerance, 5 with impaired glucose tolerance, 5 with DM), and 20 lean control subjects matched for age, weight, and sex. All control subjects had normal glucose tolerance. The clinical status for each CF patient was determined according to a modified National Institutes of Health scoring system. Each subject underwent a three-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (insulin doses of 10, 40, 120 mU/m ² per minute). Results from the 120 mU/m ² per minute infusion defined maximal glucose disposal rate (defined in milligrams per kilogram body weight per minute) at steady state with peripheral insulin levels 195 ± 20 mU/ml. Subjects with CF demonstrated insulin resistance (control subjects = 13.6 ± 1.1, patients with CF = 10.2 ± 1.6 mg/kg per minute; p = 0.003). When each subgroup was compared separately with control subjects, all subgroups were statistically insulin resistant (glucose disposal rate, patients with CF and normal glucose tolerance = 10.8; those with impaired glucose tolerance = 8.4; those with DM = 10.1 mg/kg per minute), and the patients with CF with impaired glucose tolerance were the most insulin resistant. When plotted versus glucose disposal rate, a striking positive correlation between worsened clinical status and insulin resistance ( r = 0.85) is demonstrated. Furthermore, there is no correlation between insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose, subject age, or percent ideal body weight (all r values not significant). In conclusion, patients with CF exhibit insulin resistance that is associated with worsened clinical status. We believe it is the combination of insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion that is responsible for the high incidence of CF-related diabetes. (J Pediatr 1997;130:948-56)     

中老年男性血清氧化／抗氧化状态的监测及相关性研究

目的:探讨监测中、老年体内氧化/抗氧化状态以及血脂、空腹血糖水平的临床意义。方法:测定青年对照组及中、老年人血清丙二醛(MDA),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及血总胆固醇(CHO)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、甘油三酯(TG)和空腹血糖(FBG)。结果:中、老年人组MDA、CHO、LDL、TG、FBG明显高于青年组,且老年组又明显高于中年组。中、老年人组中SOD、GSH-PX、T-AOC明显低与青年组,且老年组中SOD、T-AOC较中年组下降也有显著差异。结论:在中、老年人群中除血脂、血糖水平外,MDA、SOD、T-AOC、GSH-PX等几项指标也是评价中、老年人体内氧化应急、氧化/抗氧化能力客观指标,监测其水平,对老年病的防治具有很大的价值。     

Urinary phthalate metabolites and metabolic syndrome in U.S. adolescents: Cross-sectional results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2014) data

Objective

There is limited research on the association between phthalates and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Among adolescents, phthalate exposure, which can occur from multiple sources, has been linked to several risk factors for MetS. The objective was to investigate the association between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations (i.e., mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-(3-carboxylpropyl) phthalate (MCPP), and di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)) and MetS in adolescents aged 12–19 years using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (2003–2014). A secondary aim was to assess if observed associations varied by a measure of socioeconomic status, economic adversity, which was defined using parental income and educational attainment as well as household food security.

糖尿乐胶囊联合地特胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病的临床研究

目的探讨糖尿乐胶囊联合地特胰岛素注射液治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效。方法选取2018年5月-2019年5月在大连市第五人民医院治疗的2型糖尿病患者86例,根据用药的差别分为对照组(43例)和治疗组(43例)。对照组皮下注射地特胰岛素注射液,0.1~0.2 U/kg/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上口服糖尿乐胶囊,1.2 g/次,3次/d。两组患者均治疗4周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者血糖相关指标、血清学指标、血糖波动情况和氧化应激指标。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床有效率分别为81.40%和97.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经治疗,两组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、胰岛素(FINS)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)、人颗粒蛋白前体(PGRN)、瘦素(LP)、血糖标准差(SDBG)、平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)、24 h血糖波动次数(NGE)、24h血糖平均绝对差(MODD)和丙二醛(MDA)水平均显著下降(P<0.05),而脂联素(APN)、分泌型卷曲相关蛋白5(SFRP5)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平均显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗组这些指标较对照组改善更明显(P<0.05)。结论地特胰岛素注射液联合糖尿乐胶囊治疗2型糖尿病能够明显效控制血糖,促进机体氧化应激状态的改善。     

Bilirubin and its changes were negatively associated with diabetic kidney disease incidence and progression: A five-year's cohort study based on 5323 Chinese male diabetic patients

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the association between baseline bilirubin (TBiL) and follow-up TBiL changes for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) incidence and progression based on a 5?years' cohort study.

Telemedicine and type 1 diabetes: Is technology per se sufficient to improve glycaemic control?

AimIn the TELEDIAB-1 study, the Diabeo system (a smartphone coupled to a website) improved HbA_1c by 0.9% vs controls in patients with chronic, poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. The system provided two main functions: automated advice on the insulin doses required; and remote monitoring by teleconsultation. The question is: how much did each function contribute to the improvement in HbA_1c?MethodsEach patient received a smartphone with an insulin dose advisor (IDA) and with (G3 group) or without (G2 group) the telemonitoring/teleconsultation function. Patients were classified as “high users” if the proportion of “informed” meals using the IDA exceeded 67% (median) and as “low users” if not. Also analyzed was the respective impact of the IDA function and teleconsultations on the final HbA_1c levels.ResultsAmong the high users, the proportion of informed meals remained stable from baseline to the end of the study 6 months later (from 78.1 ± 21.5% to 73.8 ± 25.1%; P = 0.107), but decreased in the low users (from 36.6 ± 29.4% to 26.7 ± 28.4%; P = 0.005). As expected, HbA_1c improved in high users from 8.7% [range: 8.3–9.2%] to 8.2% [range: 7.8–8.7%] in patients with (n = 26) vs without (n = 30) the benefit of telemonitoring/teleconsultation (−0.49 ± 0.60% vs −0.52 ± 0.73%, respectively; P = 0.879). However, although HbA_1c also improved in low users from 9.0% [8.5–10.1] to 8.5% [7.9–9.6], those receiving support via teleconsultation tended to show greater improvement than the others (−0.93 ± 0.97 vs −0.46 ± 1.05, respectively; P = 0.084).ConclusionThe Diabeo system improved glycaemic control in both high and low users who avidly used the IDA function, while the greatest improvement was seen in the low users who had the motivational support of teleconsultations.     

渴乐宁胶囊联合格列齐特治疗2型糖尿病的临床研究

目的探讨渴乐宁胶囊联合格列齐特缓释片治疗2型糖尿病临床疗效。方法选取2017年3月—2018年3月在漯河市中心医院治疗的2型糖尿病患者92例,根据入院号分为对照组(46例)和治疗组(46例)。对照组口服格列齐特缓释片,初始剂量30 mg/次,1次/d,根据患者血糖情况每间隔14 d增加1片,血糖控制后30 mg/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上口服渴乐宁胶囊,1.80g/次,3次/d。两组均治疗4周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、胰岛素(FINS)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、脂联素(APN)、瘦素(LP)和皮质醇(Cor)水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组临床有效率分别为82.61%和97.82%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组FPG、2 h PG、HbAlc、FINS、hs-CRP、MCP-1、IL-1β和TNF-α水平均显著下降(P0.05),且治疗后治疗组上述血糖和炎性指标水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组LP、Cor水平均显著下降(P0.05),APN水平显著上升(P0.05),且治疗组LP、Cor和APN水平明显好于对照组(P0.05)。结论渴乐宁胶囊联合格列齐特缓释片治疗2型糖尿病可有效控制患者血糖水平,降低机体炎症反应,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

降糖舒片联合瑞格列奈治疗2型糖尿病的临床研究

目的观察降糖舒片联合瑞格列奈治疗2型糖尿病的临床效果。方法选择2017年2月—2018年8月在宝鸡文理学院医院治疗的2型糖尿病患者165例,随机分为对照组(82例)和治疗组(83例)。对照组患者餐前30min口服瑞格列奈片,初始剂量0.5 mg/次,3次/d,之后根据血糖水平调整用药剂量,最大剂量为4 mg/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服降糖舒片,5片/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗3个月。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、空腹血糖(FBG)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)和空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平。结果治疗后,对照组临床有效率为78.05%,显著低于治疗组的93.98%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者HbA1c、2 h PBG和FBG水平均显著下降(P0.05),且治疗组患者HbA1c、2 h PBG和FBG水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者HOMA-IR显著降低(P0.05),而GLP-1和FINS水平均显著升高(P0.05),且治疗组患者上述胰岛素指标水平明显好于对照组(P0.05)。结论降糖舒片联合瑞格列奈治疗2型糖尿病,可有效改善患者临床症状,降低血糖水平和胰岛素抵抗。     

基于光纤光栅的超声传感器实验研究

光纤光栅传感器具有许多独特优点,是近年来应用较多的一种传感器。主要研究了FBG光栅传感器对超声波的响应情况。结果表明,传感器输出信号强度与声功率表现了基本的线性性,提示可以利用光纤光栅检测超声,为体内超声场的无创测量提供了新的工具。