Cystitis as a correlate of female urinary incontinence

The objectives of the research were to study the association between prevalent urge and stress urinary incontinence (UI) and a history of cystitis in adult females. A cross-section of the adult female population, aged 30–59 years, in the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark, was studied, using self-reported data based on postal questionnaires. The sample consisted of 3114 women, out of whom 2613 (84%) delivered the information requested. The main outcome measures were period prevalence in 1987 of episodes of UI provoked by physical stress and UI associated with a feeling of urge, prevalence of experience of episodes of cystitis and UI related to cystitis in adult life, and prevalence of relative risks, as indicated by odds ratio (OR), of UI conditional on cystitis experience. Results indicated that the 1987 period prevalences of UI provoked by physical stress and UI associated with a feeling of urge were 15% and 9%, respectively. Forty-five per cent reported a history of cystitis and 10% of UI during episodes of cystitis. Both UI provoked by stress and UI associated with a feeling of urge were significantly correlated to cystitis (OR 2.1, P<0.0001, and 1.8, P<0.0001, respectively) and to UI during episodes of cystitis (OR 7.1, P<0.0001, and 5.7, P<0.0001, respectively). When corrected for the stress aspect, UI being associated with a feeling of urge showed no association of its own to a history of cystitis. However, stress and urge aspects were both correlated to the experience of UI during episodes of cystitis. The prevalence of experience of cystitis increased with increasing number of urologic (per operation OR 2.1, P<0.0001) and gynecologic operations (per operation OR 1.5, P<0.0001), e.g. curretage (per operation OR 1.2, P<0.001), but not with the number of abdominal operations or the number of childbirths. It was concluded that cystitis may be an important component of UI etiology. Stress and not urge UI seems to be the key type related to a history of cystitis in general. The experience of UI during cystitis is connected to both stress and urge UI. A history of cystitis may possibly itself by initiated by surgery.     

腺性膀胱炎24例的影像学诊断

目的　探讨腺性膀胱炎的影像诊断要点。方法　对 2 4例经膀胱镜及病理确诊为腺性膀胱炎的患者临床表现、膀胱镜超声波、CT及静脉尿路造影 (IVU )检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果　临床表现为血尿 11例 ,尿路刺激症 9例 ,排尿困难 8例 ,肾功能减退 2例。膀胱镜检查 2 2例 ,表现为菜花样改变 11例 ,水肿与滤泡样改变8例 ,粘膜粗糙 3例。18例行 B超检查 ,12例诊断为膀胱占位。行 IVU检查 15例 ,其中 10例诊断为膀胱占位 ,并经CT证实。 2 4例中并发膀胱癌 2例 ;1例多次复发。结论　腺性膀胱炎易与膀胱癌混淆 ,病理检查是确诊的依据 ,CT及 IVU检查能发现病变。CT检查时发现膀胱占位合并膀胱壁较广泛增厚而无壁外侵犯时 ,应高度怀疑本病     

腺性膀胱炎30例诊断与治疗

目的探讨腺性膀胱炎的临床特征，提高腺性膀胱炎的诊治水平。方法对30例腺性膀胱炎患者行抗感染、经尿道电切(TUR)、膀胱内药物灌注等治疗。结果30例均获得6～72个月的随访，其中治愈24例，3例病情无变化。2例好转者于8～14个月内复发，1例在保守治疗2年后恶变为膀胱腺癌。结论膀胱镜检查结合组织活检对腺性膀胱炎的早期诊断具有重要意义；TUR加膀胱药物灌注是腺性膀胱炎的有效治疗方法；注意腺性膀胱炎有恶变倾向，应密切随访。     

Mast cell activation syndrome

In 1984, interstitial cystitis (IC) was considered a rare psychosomatic disorder in post-menopausal women. In 2014, the Interstitial Cystitis Association of America (ICA) celebrated its 30^th anniversary. We’ve come a long way since 1984 and great progress has been made. IC is now recognized as a condition that afflicts both men and women of all ages, including children and teenagers. It is not a psychiatric disorder. Though it was once thought to be an orphan disease (defined as affecting less than 200,000 people), we now know that there are millions of women and men who suffer from IC/BPS (bladder pain syndrome). In looking back over this period, there were seven key reasons why the ICA became so successful: an extremely dedicated ICA staff, Board of Directors and volunteers; a very strong Medical Advisory Board and participation of many other urologists from across the country and around the world; cooperation of the media; epidemiological studies; the ICA’s Pilot Research Program; our representation in Congress; and a strong working partnership with the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Our history may prove useful to other advocacy groups.     

细胞凋亡调控因子-2、p53基因、细胞增殖因子-67、细胞角蛋白-7在腺性膀胱炎与膀胱上皮癌组织中表达的研究

目的：探讨细胞凋亡调控因子-2（bcl-2）、p53基因（p53）、细胞增殖因子-67（ki-67）、细胞角蛋白-7（ck-7）在腺性膀胱炎与膀胱上皮癌组织中表达的相关性。方法用免疫组化法检测46例腺性膀胱炎、21例膀胱上皮癌组织以及11例正常膀胱黏膜组织中bcl-2、p53、ki-67、ck-7的表达情况,并进行相关性分析。结果在膀胱上皮癌、腺性膀胱炎、正常膀胱黏膜组织中,bcl-2表达阳性率分别为4．76％、69．57％、90．91％;p53表达阴性率分别为9．52％、84．78％、81．82％;ki-67表达阴性率分别为23．81％、71．74％、72．73％;ck-7表达阴性率分别为9．52％、21．74％、9．09％。 bcl-2在腺性膀胱炎中表达明显低于膀胱上皮癌组织,但明显高于正常膀胱黏膜;p53、Ki-67在腺性膀胱炎中表达明显高于正常膀胱黏膜,但明显低于膀胱上皮癌组织;ck-7在膀胱上皮癌、腺性膀胱炎与正常膀胱黏膜组织中表达差异不明显（P＞0．05）。结论 bcl-2、p53、ki-67在腺性膀胱炎的生物转归中占有重要地位,对临床诊断与治疗具有指导意义。     

输尿管下段结石误诊为急性膀胱炎16例分析

目的：探讨输尿管下段结石误诊为急性膀胱炎的原因及对策,以减少临床误诊误治。方法回顾性分析16例输尿管下段结石误诊为急性膀胱炎的临床资料。结果16例患者初诊均诊断为急性膀胱炎,治疗效果不佳后转诊或复诊专科门诊,转诊或复诊时间1～13 d,经B超进一步检查证实为输尿管下段结石12例,B超示膀胱结石但仍有轻度肾积水者1例,CT证实输尿管下段结石者为3例。13例患者经保守治疗、体外碎石或输尿管镜碎石治愈,失访3例。结论膀胱刺激症状可由输尿管下段结石引起,应细致问诊、规范检查以避免误诊。     

Pelvic lipomatosis with cystitis glandularis managed with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor: A case report

BACKGROUNDPelvic lipomatosis (PL) is a rare benign condition with characteristic overgrowth of histologically benign fat and invasion and compression of pelvic organs, often leading to non-specific lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Approximately 40% of patients with PL have cystitis glandularis (CG). The cause of PL combined with CG is poorly understood, and there is currently no effective treatment. Refractory CG with upper urinary tract obstruction even requires partial or radical bladder resection. CASE SUMMARYIn this case, a patient suffering from PL with CG was treated by transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TUR-BT) and oral administration of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. The LUTS were alleviated, and the cystoscopy results improved significantly. Immunohistochemistry showed up-regulated COX-2 expression in the epithelium of TUR-BT samples, suggesting that COX-2 may participate in the pathophysiological process of PL combined with CG. CONCLUSIONWe report for the first time that celecoxib may be an effective treatment strategy for PL combined with refractory CG.