三级公立医院行政总值班管理现状分析与研究*

探索一套符合现代化医院的行政总值班管理体系，确保医院管理工作安全、稳定运行。分析国内外医院总值班现状和问题，运用系统性、科学性、规范性等综合干预措施，进一步提高值班人员责任意识、分析问题和解决问题能力等综合管理能力，使总值班管理从粗放式向精细化转变，实现目标标准化、过程规范化、结果同质化的服务格局。     

结防机构与医疗机构合作提高肺结核患者发现率

目的了解目前医疗机构与结防机构间合作提高肺结核患者发现方法的实施效果及存在问题。方法采用回顾性调查方法,调查各县区结防门诊根据转诊登记资料、追踪登记表和日常对医疗机构的督导记录;搜集综合医疗机构结核患者发现、报告以及转诊情况数据,搜集医疗机构发现患者到结防机构后诊断复核情况。结果①城市和农村地区医疗机构发现肺结核患者的报告和转诊情况有差异,报告情况城市好于农村,转诊情况农村好于城市;②医疗机构发现肺结核患者的查痰率低仅为13.3%;③结防机构对医疗机构发现未到结防机构就诊肺结核患者的追踪率为94.1%,不同追踪方式追踪到位情况有差异,结防机构医生追踪到位情况最好,到位率为74.2%。追踪未到位原因主要是报告卡姓名或地址等信息有误和患者住院治疗;④实施医疗机构与结防机构间合作措施后,被调查地区结防机构的就诊人数和发现的活动性肺结核患者数均较去年同期增加。结论医疗机构与结防机构间合作实施结核病控制,可提高肺结核病患者发现数量和治疗管理质量。     

健康教育与大众媒体互动合作机制的定性研究

目的了解大众媒体报道艾滋病的现状，探索大众媒体与健康教育机构之间的互动合作模式。方法以艾滋病的宣传报道为切入点，对15名从事艾滋病宣传报道的负责人或记者进行个人深入访谈。结果影响大众媒体与健康教育机构之间合作的因素主要是资金、观念与机制。大众媒体与健康教育机构之间合作的最佳方式是相互理解、优势互补，建立健全双方长期、定时的信息交流机制和良好的互动合作机制，前者提供宣传平台，后者提供健康信息。结论大众媒体与健康教育机构之阃的合作既有基础，又有必要。加强两者的合作，将是一项双赢的策略。     

1981～2000年《南通医学院学报》学术质量指标综合评价

采用文献计量学方法对《南通医学院学报》20卷78期4713篇论文的多项学术质量指标进行统计分析。结果：（1）信息量指数0．55篇／页;（2）单元作者系数2．33人／篇;（3）论文合著率64．52％;（4）出版时滞8．5个月;（5）国家自然科学基金资助等省部以上课题论文86篇;（6）平均引文量4．81条／篇;（7）衰减系数41．6％,其中中文衰减系数54．6％,外文衰减系数33．4％。统计结果表明,信息量指数呈上升趋势,单元作者系数和论文合著率偏低,出版时滞改善显著,基金资助论文数所占,平均引文量偏少,衰减系数增长明显。     

新型农村合作医疗制度"新"在何处?

目前在我国试点的新型农村合作医疗制度与过去合作医疗相比 ,在政策支持力度、筹资机制、覆盖面与统筹面、管理体制、监督机制等方面都具有创新之处 ;新型合作医疗应汲取过去合作医疗垮台的各种教训 ,通过科学有效的管理 ,在农村建立起健康保障制度。     

用法律保障和规范口岸卫生检疫工作的外部协作

[目的]探讨通过对卫生检疫法律法规的修订,进一步规范、完善卫生检疫工作与有关部门的协作关系,以保证口岸卫生检疫措施得到有效落实,确保国境口岸的卫生安全。[方法]从卫生检疫工作出发,根据当前卫生检疫机关与有关部门在实际工作中的协作情况,分析协作过程中存在的问题并提出建议。[结果]《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》及其实施细则在规定与有关部门协作的内容中,存在着个别条款不完善、某些协作环节未做出规定以及在实际工作中难于执行的情况。[结论]口岸卫生检疫工作外部协作机制的建立,应从法律上予以保障和规范。     

基于Web的中医药科研项目协作系统探讨

针对传统科研活动环境中信息资源相对孤立、项目成员间协作性差、项目管理和协作过程复杂以及整体效率低下等问题,本文提出基于Web科研协作管理模式,该模式便于科研项目管理,实现科研团体内部知识的高效共享,提高科研协作管理效率,并有效推动科研协作管理信息化进程.     

Relationship between unhealthy sleep status and dry eye symptoms in a Japanese population: The JPHC-NEXT study

PurposeTo investigate whether and how unhealthy sleep habits (i.e., the frequency of difficulty falling or staying asleep, and the frequency of waking up tired) and the duration of sleep are related to the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in a general population.MethodsThis study included a total of 106,282 subjects aged 40–74 years who participated in a baseline survey of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next Generation. DED was defined as the presence of clinically diagnosed DED or severe symptoms. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the relationships of various components of sleep status with DED.ResultsHigher frequencies of having difficulty falling or staying asleep, and waking up tired were significantly related to increased DED in both sexes (P_trend<0.001). Compared with those with 8 h/day of sleep, shorter sleepers had an increased prevalence of DED in both sexes, although DED was increased among men who slept ≥10 h/day. By comparing participants with the greatest vs. the least difficulty of falling asleep, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 2.23 (95% CI, 1.99–2.49) for men and 1.91 (95% CI, 1.76–2.07) for women. When analyzed separately, the magnitude of each relationship was stronger with severe DED symptoms than with clinically diagnosed DED.ConclusionsSleep deprivation and poor sleep quality were significantly related to DED in a Japanese population.     

International collaboration for blood safety: The French—African experience

Blood safety is a non-negotiable issue worldwide, specifies the World Health Organization (WHO). Africa is both an entity and a multiplicity of situations within and cross-borders. Indeed, most African countries have recent borders and political organizations, after gaining independence in the 60's. Many such countries have maintained various types of links and cooperation programs with former European countries of influence, e.g. France and Belgium among others, which is the case for several countries from the francophone Central and West Africa. Besides, borders do not delineate ethnic groups as many of them migrate, with spread North to South and East to West across several countries, each having representations, ethnologically speaking. Transfusion is an essential supportive healthcare that requires medicine, technicity and logistics. Cooperation can be provided to Francophone Africa though at the expense of recruiting donors upon criteria that do not completely overlap with e.g. those put forward in France and other high-income countries, despite WHO claims for the universal model of Voluntary Non-Remunerated Blood Donation system. Next, the patient profile in intertropical Africa—of which the various francophone African countries—stringently differs from the profile now seen in France, with its younger (but strongly social network-connected) populations and the importance of anemia of all causes but frequently infectious in nature. The frequency of antigens defining blood groups also significantly differs from that in France and the rest of Europa. Last, the carriage of blood transmissible infectious pathogens in sick but also apparently healthy populations seriously complicates the build up of suitable blood component inventory. In the present review, we discuss the universality of blood donation, the specificities of inter-continent cooperation and report on experiences of such cooperation. The French Blood Establishment EFS has taken over earlier initiatives of regional blood services and provides technology and scientific transfer and support to many countries for several decades; the National Institute for Blood transfusion, an education and research institute, has set up collaborative research in several domains but mostly in the domain of blood transmissible infections. We next also present a theoretical view of support named ALEASE, that can be pursued, based on collaborative experiences carried out in the Mediterranean Northern and Eastern areas. ALEASE promotes benchmark between participants. If there is general agreement that cooperation between economically wealthy countries and low-income, developing, countries in the domain of blood and blood transfusion safety, promotion of blood donation, blood component manufacturing, transfusion technology, hemovigilance, etc., tools to achieve this goal can be periodically reviewed based on specific needs for countries and professionals. That also comprise of adapted, sometimes specific, education programs.