2,3-Butanedione monoxime protects mice against the convulsant effect of picrotoxin by facilitating GABA-activated currents

While adult mice receiving picrotoxin (PTX) alone responded with clonic and tonic-clonic seizures, this response was greatly suppressed for mice simultaneously injected with 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM). For example, 60% and 10% of the mice convulsed when injected (i.p.) with 3.0 mg/kg PTX alone or PTX plus 205 mg/kg of BDM, respectively. In contrast, a non-oxime analogue of BDM, 2,3-butanedione (BTD), did not have this anticonvulsant effect. In order to explore the basis for the anticonvulsant effect of BDM, we recorded GABA-activated currents (I_GABA) of frontal cortical as well as ventromedial hypothalamic neurons before, during and after exposure to this oxime. BDM had a biphasic effect on concentrations (100 μM-40 mM) decreased and lower concentrations (0.01 μM–0.001 μM) potentiatedI_GABA; these effects of BDM reversed upon washout of the oxime. In contrast, BTD had no effect onI_GABA. Finally, when 0.001 μM BDM, 10–30 μM PTX and GABA were co-applied the inhibitory effect of the toxin onI_GABA was markedly suppressed. These data suggest that the anticonvulsant effect of oximes involves facilitation of the inhibitory action of GABA.     

Midazolam in treatment of various types of seizures in children

Midazolam is a recently developed water-soluble benzodiazepine that shares anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, hypnotic and anticonvulsant actions with other members of this class. There are limited studies that midazolam can be used successfully to treat seizures in adults and children. In this study, 0.2 mg/kg intramuscular (IM) midazolam was administered to 11 children (eight boys and three girls), aged 3 days to 4 years (mean age 1.8±1.4 years), with seizures of various types. In all but one child, seizures stopped in 15 s–5 min after injection. No side effects were observed. These results suggest that IM administration of midazolam may be useful in a variety of seizures during childhood, especially in case of intravenous (IV) line problem.     

咪达唑仑鼻腔给药用于惊厥急救的对照研究

目的　以安定溶液直肠给药为对照 ,探讨咪达唑仑溶液鼻腔给药对惊厥急救的价值。方法　 36例急性惊厥儿童对比观察鼻腔内滴入咪达唑仑与直肠内注入安定的疗效 ,开始治疗时间、用药后控制发作时间、自患儿到达医院至发作控制的总时间、对脑电活动的影响、在控制惊厥方面的疗效及副作用等指标。结果　咪达唑仑溶液鼻腔给药 ,自患儿到达医院至开始给药的平均时间为 32 8s、给药后至控制惊厥的平均时间为 15 6 8s、自患儿到达医院至惊厥控制时间为 189 6s ,都明显快于安定直肠给药组。且控制惊厥疗效好于安定组。二组通过监测心率、呼吸、血压均未发现任何副作用。结论　咪达唑仑溶液鼻腔给药是一种安全、更为快速、有效的治疗临床急性惊厥的方法     

NSE与视频脑电图在儿童热性惊厥的相关性研究

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum neuron specific enolase and Video EEG inFebrile Convulsion of childen. Method:Serum NSE was detected by RIA on the first day and the seventh day afterseizure in 40 children with simple febrile convulsion and 18 with complex febrile convulsion. Video EEG was per-formed at 1st, 7th and 30th day in all the patients. Results: There were significant differences between NSE levels at24th hour and on 7th day after convulsion (P<0.01). NSE concentrations in patients with SFC and CFC were also     

Excitatory amino acids and the actions of cocaine

Antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors blocked cocaine-induced stereotypy, locomotor stimulation and convulsions. These effects in general appear to involve selectively NMDA type of receptors. The results suggest that NMDA-activated systems are an integral component in the reaction sequences involved in the expression of several behavioral effects of cocaine.     

Postanesthetic malignant hyperthermia with convulsions

Journal of Anesthesia -     

205例手足口病合并惊厥患儿的病原学及临床特征

目的探讨手足口病(HFMD)合并惊厥患儿的病原学及临床特征。方法选择西安市儿童医院2019年1月至12月收治的手足口病合并惊厥的患儿为研究对象,收集患儿的年龄、性别、个人史、症状、体征与临床转归等临床资料,采集其肛拭子,应用逆转录聚合酶链式反应PCR(RTPCR)对患儿标本进行病毒检测。结果2019年本院共收治手足口病合并惊厥的患儿205例,其中重症病例34例,普通病例171例(包括热性惊厥单纯型134例、复杂型30例、癫痫7例)。肛拭子病原学核酸检测肠道病毒核酸阳性195例(95.1%),其中血清学分型CA6患儿124例(60.5%),EV71分型患儿7例(3.4%),CA16分型患儿7例(3.4%),CA10分型患儿5例(2.4%),其他肠道病毒感染患儿52例(25.4%)。34例重症患儿中,CA6感染23例(67.6%),EV71感染2例(5.9%,其中1例放弃治疗后死亡),CA10感染2例(5.9%),CA16感染1例(2.9%),其他肠道病毒感染4例(11.8%),肠道病毒阴性2例(5.9%)。CA6分型患儿皮疹形态以大疱样皮疹为主,恢复期可出现脱皮、脱甲,EV71病例皮疹表现为小、厚、硬、少;入组病例经镇静止惊及对症支持治疗后仅1例因放弃治疗后死亡,余患儿均临床治愈出院。结论2019年本院手足口病合并惊厥患儿病原以CA6为主,其所致手足口病皮疹以大疱表现为主,恢复期可出现脱皮、脱甲;死亡病例仍为EV71所致。     

论柯琴"痉之属燥"说

柯琴因《内经》“病机十九条”“燥症独无”而强调燥邪致病，并针对《伤寒论》中“痉病”提出“痉之属燥”的理论，其理论具有特殊意义，突出了内伤燥邪致痉，蕴含了保阴存津思想，在病因学、治疗学尤其是预防学上有重要意义。     

罗哌卡因所致的毒性惊厥对幼鼠学习记忆能力及突触素表达的影响

目的 制备罗哌卡因幼鼠毒性惊厥模型,观察毒性惊厥对幼鼠学习记忆能力和海马突触素表达的影响. 方法 选用21日龄SD鼠60只,按照随机数字表法分为罗哌卡因和生理盐水组(每组30只).2组各取20只并根据不同取材时间点又分为注射后24 b、3d、7d、60d4个亚组(每组5只),选取幼鼠海马组织,采用Western blotting行突触素蛋白含量测定；剩余各组10只于上述时间点进行水迷宫寻找平台潜伏期测试. 结果 罗哌卡因组幼鼠惊厥后寻找平台潜伏期随时间延长逐渐缩短,各时间点比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).生理盐水组幼鼠惊厥后各时间点潜伏期比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).罗哌卡因组24 h、3d时寻找平台潜伏期分别为(38.62±19.08)s、(18.40±7.95) s,明显长于同时期生理盐水组[(13.08±4.73)s、(14.17±3.28)s],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).罗哌卡因组幼鼠注射后24 h突触素蛋白表达为0.25±0.03,生理盐水组为0.34±0.03,比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 幼鼠单次罗哌卡因毒性惊厥对其学习记忆存在一过性的影响,推测与突触素蛋白表达有关.     

Vancomycin-related convulsion in a pediatric patient with neuroblastoma: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUNDVancomycin is often used as an anti-infective drug in patients receiving anti-tumor chemotherapy. There are concerns about its adverse drug reactions during treatment, such as nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, etc. However, potential convulsion related to high plasma concentrations of vancomycin in children receiving chemotherapy has not been reported.CASE SUMMARYA 3.9-year-old pediatric patient with neuroblastoma receiving vancomycin to treat post-chemotherapy infection developed an unexpected convulsion. No other potential disease conditions could explain the occurrence of the convulsion. The subsequently measured overly high plasma concentrations of vancomycin could possibly provide a clue to the occurrence of this convulsion. The peak and trough plasma concentrations of vancomycin were 59.5 mg/L and 38.6 mg/L, respectively, which were much higher than the safe range. Simulation with the Bayesian approach using MwPharm software showed that the area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h was 1086.6 mg· h/L. Therefore, vancomycin was immediately stopped and teicoplanin was administered instead combined with meropenem and fluconazole as the anti-infective treatment strategy.CONCLUSIONUnexpected convulsion occurring in a patient after chemotherapy is probably due to toxicity caused by abnormal pharmacokinetics of vancomycin. Overall evaluation and close therapeutic drug monitoring should be conducted to determine the underlying etiology and to take the necessary action as soon as possible.