百蕊颗粒结合氨溴索雾化吸入治疗慢性支气管炎急性发作临床研究

目的观察百蕊颗粒结合氨溴索雾化吸入治疗慢性支气管炎急性发作风热袭肺证的疗效。方法将本院2015年7月-2018年7月符合入选标准的150例慢性支气管炎急性发作患者,采用随机数字表法分为2组,每组75例。对照组在西医常规治疗基础上雾化吸入盐酸氨溴索,治疗组在对照组基础上冲服百蕊颗粒。2组均连续治疗2周。分别于治疗前后进行临床症状评分及风热袭肺证评分。采用肺功能仪检测FEV1占预计值百分比和FEV1/FVC;采用ELISA法分别检测血清及痰液中的TNF-α和IL-6水平,记录患者的咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、肺部啰音的消失时间,评价临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为98.6%(72/73)、对照组为88.9%(64/72),2组比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=4.354,P=0.037)。治疗组咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、肺部啰音消失时间均早于对照组(t值分别为5.331、5.590、5.841、6.305,P<0.01)。治疗组治疗后咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、哮鸣音症状评分均低于对照组(t值分别为4.990、4.431、5.221、5.004,P值均<0.01);风热袭肺证咳喘、发热、口干咽痛、鼻塞、流涕评分均低于对照组(t值分别为5.652、5.190、5.311、5.793、5.643,P值均<0.01)。治疗后,治疗组FEV1占预计值百分比[(52.51±5.63)%比(47.30±5.21)%,t=8.931]、FEV1/FVC[(61.57±6.44)比(56.87±5.82),t=8.251]均高于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗组治疗后血清TNF-α、IL-6水平(t值分别5.331、4.908)及痰液中TNF-α、IL-6水平(t值分别6.001、4.803)均低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论百蕊颗粒结合雾化吸入氨溴索可有效降低慢性支气管炎急性发作患者的炎性细胞因子水平,改善临床症状,提高疗效。     

呼出气一氧化氮和潮气呼吸肺功能检测在毛细支气管炎中的应用价值

背景　毛细支气管炎（简称毛支）是婴幼儿常见的下呼吸道疾病,如控制不佳相当一部分患儿将发展为支气管哮喘,因此,毛支患儿进行呼出气一氧化氮（FeNO）和潮气呼吸肺功能检测对于疾病的诊治疗效以及预后评估均有重要意义,但目前有关毛支患儿的FeNO和潮气呼吸肺功能的研究较少。目的　探讨FeNO和潮气呼吸肺功能检测在毛支中的应用价值。方法　采用便利抽样法选择厦门市儿童医院三病区2018年1-9月收治的38例首次诊断毛支的患儿（观察组）及同期厦门市儿童医院儿保中心体检的17例健康婴幼儿（对照组）为研究对象。分别在观察组急性期（治疗前）、恢复期（规范治疗1~2周后,出院前）及对照组进行FeNO和潮气呼吸肺功能检查,记录FeNO、潮气量（VT）、呼吸频率（RR）、吸呼比（Ti/Te）、达峰时间比（TPTEF/TE）、达峰容积比（VPEF/VE）等指标,并比较不同组及同组不同时期的差异。结果　观察组急性期及恢复期FeNO与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组急性期FeNO与恢复期比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组急性期VT、Ti/Te、TPTEF/TE、VPEF/VE低于对照组,RR高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组恢复期PTEF/TE和VPEF/VE高于急性期、低于对照组,RR低于急性期、高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论　潮气呼吸肺功能可反映毛支病情进展情况及临床治疗的效果,具有一定的应用价值;首次诊断毛支患儿治疗前、后以及健康儿童的FeNO无差异,因此FeNO在毛支中的应用价值有限。     

多索茶碱治疗支气管炎的临床疗效分析

目的：探究多索茶碱治疗支气管炎的临床疗效。方法选取2012年5月—2013年5月南充市嘉陵监狱医院收治的78例支气管炎患者,随机分为研究组和对照组,每组39例。对照组患者采用氨茶碱治疗,研究组患者采用多索茶碱治疗。患者均治疗10d。比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果研究组患者的总有效率（92.3%）高于对照组（74.2%）,差异有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。结论多索茶碱治疗支气管炎的临床疗效显著。     

Investigation on the production of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in chronic bronchitis rats

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of the production of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in the rat models of chronic bronchitis (CB) with recurrent infections. Methods The CB models were made by double element of smoking and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The rats were divided into four groups, including normal control group (n=5), phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-treated healthy rats control group (n=5), CB rats group (n=5) and PMA-treated CB rats group (n=6). Renal function of rats was detected. The histopathological lung and kidney tissues were observed by HE staining of paraffin section. Immunological markers, including myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (MPO-ANCA), proteinase 3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (PR3-ANCA) and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), were measured by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) at different time points. Correlation between CitH3 and MPO-ANCA was analyzed by the Spearman rank correlation. NETs components were further detected in lung and kidney tissue by confocal immunofluorescence and colocalization analysis. Results (1) The serum levels of CitH3 and MPO-ANCA in CB+PMA group showed an increased trend. Compared with those in the normal control group and CB rats group, the serum levels of CitH3 and MPO-ANCA in CB+PMA group increased significantly at the sixth week (both P＜0.05). Serum CitH3 levels in rats were positively correlated with serum MPO-ANCA levels (rs=0.490，P=0.024). (2) There were pathological manifestations of CB in the lung tissues of rats in CB group and CB+PMA group, and no obvious abnormalities in the lung tissues of rats in the normal control group and control group. In the rat kidney tissue of CB+PMA group, there were inflammatory cells infiltrated in the glomerular and around the renal tubules, but glomerular necrosis was not found. No obvious abnormalities were observed in the kidney tissues of rats in the normal control group, PMA-treated healthy rats control group and CB group. (3) In the lung and kidney tissues of CB+PMA group NETs could be detected by confocal immunofluorescence analysis. Conclusion CB rats with the recurrent infections can release large amounts of NETs, in which the exposure of MPO antigen will break the immune tolerance and result in the production of MPO-ANCA.     

Poly-Ingredient Formulation Bresol? Ameliorates Experimental Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Rats

In the present study, the protective effect of Bresol^® – a polyherbal formulation – was evaluated in an experimental model of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced COPD in rats. Ten minutes daily exposure to CS for 7 weeks caused significant elevation of TNF-α (p<0.01) and total protein (p<0.01) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of positive untreated control animals, indicating ongoing inflammatory process in the lungs. Further, histopathological findings have confirmed the presence of pathological lesions in the trachea and lungs. Five weeks of post-treatment with Bresol^® (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects against CS-induced lung abnormalities by maintaining the TNF-α and total protein levels within the normal range. Additionally, Bresol^®-treated animals showed normal cyto-architecture of the trachea and lungs. In conclusion, Bresol^® showed dose-dependent protection against CS-induced lung and tracheal injury in rats, which further indicates, Bresol^® is a useful healing agent, may help to decelerate the progression of COPD, and reduce the exacerbations in patients.     

An assessment of S-carboxymethylcysteine in the treatment of chronic bronchitis

Summary

A single-blind study is reported of S-carboxymethylcysteine, administered as a 5% w/v syrup at a dosage of 3×5 ml. three times daily, compared with placebo therapy in the treatment of 30 patients with chronic bronchitis.

The great majority of patients reported greater ease of expectoration, decrease in severity and frequency of coughing, and an increase in the volumes of sputum expectorated, A statistically significant increase in PEFR, accompanied by an improvement in the severity of dyspnoea and functional grade was recorded; these indices deteriorated following the withdrawal of S-carboxymethylcysteine.

Overall clinical assessment at the end of a period of 8 weeks (bweeks baseline therapy on placebo followed by 6-weeks treatment with S-carboxymethylcysteine syrup) indicated that 23 patients had improved and none had deteriorated. Deterioration in all parameters occurred after withdrawal of the drug.     

Add-on treatment with nebulized hypertonic saline in a child with plastic bronchitis after the Glenn procedure,

Plastic bronchitis (PB), although a rare cause of airway obstruction, has mortality rates up to 50% in children after Fontan-type cardiac surgery. We present the case of an 18-month-old female patient with PB following pneumonia. At 6 months of age, the patient underwent the Glenn procedure due to functionally univentricular heart. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed complete blockage of the left bronchus by mucoid casts. Pharmacotherapy consisted of glucocorticosteroids, azithromycin, and enalapril maleate. The child also received nebulized 3% NaCl solution, which proved to be beneficial. In children submitted to Fontan-type procedures, physicians must be alert for PB, which can be triggered by respiratory tract infection.     

老年食管癌误诊分析

目的通过对 60岁以上食管癌患者的误诊情况分析 ,进一步提高老年食管癌的诊断水平与治愈率。方法对我院 1995年9月～ 2 0 0 2年 11月收治的 82例老年食管癌进行回顾性统计和分析 ,找出老年食管癌在门诊及住院诊治过程中产生误诊的主要原因。结果本组共有 3 9例误诊 ,院外误诊 3 0例 ,院内误诊 9例。手术治疗 16例 ;非手术治疗 2 3例 ,2 3例中行食管支架治疗 9例。治愈 10例 ,好转 16例 ,未治 9例 ,自动出院 3例 ,死亡 1例。结论院外误诊主要与患者的素质、门诊医生对老年食管癌特点的认识程度有关 ,误诊的时间较长 ,对治疗效果影响较大 ,约 73 3 %的患者失去手术机会。食管吞钡或食管碘油造影检查是诊断或鉴别诊断老年食管癌最方便、经济、易为患者接受的检查方法。院内误诊主要与患者的发病方式有关 ,误诊时间短 ,对治疗效果影响小。临床遇有进食梗阻感、胸骨后疼痛、剑突下或胸骨后烧灼感、排柏油样便、长期嗜烟酒、长期有不良饮食习惯、短期内突然严重咳嗽和大量咳痰者应高度怀疑食管癌。详细询问病史、充分认识老年食管癌的特点以及规范住院医疗制度 ,是避免老年食管癌误诊的关键