Influence of calcinated starfish powder on growth,yield, spawn run and primordial germination of king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii)

This study was undertaken to assess the calcium absorption efficacy of Pleurotus eryngii (king oyster mushroom) in sawdust medium supplemented with starfish powder and to determine the effect of starfish powder as calcium supplement on growth, yield, spawn run and primordial germination of P. eryngii. Optimum calcination of starfish powder was achieved at the temperature ranging from 560.1 to 649.5 °C. A 1% supplementation of starfish powder in sawdust medium did not suppress the growth of P. eryngii. Also the supplementation of 1% calcinated starfish powder to sawdust medium potentially increased the calcium content up to a level of 256.0 ± 16.3 in the fruiting body of P. eryngii without extension of spawn run period and the retardation of the days to primordial germination.     

海星甾醇抗实验性心律失常的作用

目的：研究海星甾醇C01对实验性心律失常的拮抗作用。方法：麻醉大鼠股静脉快速iv5?Cl2诱发室颤（VF），记录大鼠的VF发生和死亡数，小鼠尾静脉ivCaCl2-Ach混合液（10ml/kg）诱发小鼠房颤（扑），记录房颤（扑）的发生率；麻醉大鼠冠脉结扎再灌注诱发心律失常，记录结扎5min和再灌期各时间点的心律失常发生率，并比较ST段的变化，电刺激致家兔室颤，记录室颤阈值。结果：海星甾醇C801显著降低了CaCl2诱发VF的发生率，抑制小鼠房颤（扑）的发生，对大鼠结扎期 再灌期各个时间点都有显著的抗心律失常的作用，减轻结扎造成的心肌缺血及再灌所致的心肌损伤，中高剂量组可显著提高家兔室颤阈值，降低VF的发生。结论：C01能对抗多个性和房性心律失常的实验模型，提示C01具有广泛的抗心律失常作用。     

Case of skin injuries due to stings by crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci)

A case of skin injuries due to stings by crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci, in a 53-year-old Okinawan woman is reported. She went to a beach to gather shellfish on 8 April 2001 and fell to the ground with her left palm on a crown-of-thorns starfish that happened to be close to her. She hurried to the emergency section of our hospital. An emergency doctor sterilized the wound and administered an antibiotic, an analgesic agent and an injection of a tetanus antitoxin. He tried to remove the remaining spines from the palm with great difficulty. Because swelling and subcutaneous indurations of the left palm had persisted thereafter, oral and topical administration of corticosteroid started on 13 April. Physical examination at the dermatology section revealed approximately 10 stab wounds of the left palm with pus, subcutaneous bleeding and many abrasions around them. X-rays of the left hand showed foreign bodies, 2-10 mm in size, located on the lesions. The patient was treated with a topical injection of 2 mg triamcinolone acetonide (Kenacort-A), diluted fivefold with 1% Xylocaine, once a week. Some of the foreign body granulomatous lesions improved but pain and subcutaneous indurations persisted in most of the lesions. Because the X-ray photographs showed many remaining spines, surgical excision to remove them was performed under local anesthesia 3 months after the injury. All the symptoms improved after the operation. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the spines revealed that their tips had fragile lattice-like structures.     

海星皂苷的研究进展

综述海星皂苷的种类、结构特点、药理活性、提取分离和结构鉴定等方面的研究进展。     

多棘海盘车的化学成分研究进展

国内外对多棘海盘车的化学成分进行大量的研究,从中分离得到多种独特的化学成分及新成分,包括海星皂苷、甾体硫酸盐、甾体、氨基酸、多糖等,其中很多化合物具有促进抑菌和溶血等方面的药理活性,查阅和收集国内外相关文献进行归纳、分析和综述,为多棘海盘车的进一步开发研究提供依据。     

海星Asterias rollestoni的化学成分研究

目的从青岛海星Asterias rollestoni分离并确定结构新颖的活性化合物,并阐明海星中的次生代谢产物的多样性.方法应用正相和反相色谱包括半制备HPLC方法分离和纯化化合物;应用IR,UV,MS,lD和2D NMR,以及理化性质确定化合物的结构.结果从青岛海星Asterias rollestoni中获得17种化学成分,分别为N7-2'-deoxypseudoxanthosine(1),2'-O-methyl-in-osine(2),2'-deoxyinosine(3),2'-O-methylguanosine(4),inosine(5);thymine(6),uracil(7),thymidine(8),deoxyuridine(9),2'-O-methyluridine(10),(-)-(1S,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid(11),(-)-(1R,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid(12),(-)-(3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid(13),L-tryptophan(14),L-phenylalanine(15),3-carboxy indole(16)和p-hydroxybenzoic acid(17).结论其中1为新化合物.它们的化学结构经1D,2D NMR,以及其它波谱分析,结合与已知化合物的波谱和理化数据对照得以确定.化合物8,9,10为首次从天然资源中获得,化合物14和15系首次从该海星中获得.     

Plancitoxins, lethal factors from the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci, are deoxyribonucleases II.

Two lethal factors (named plancitoxins I and II for major and minor toxins, respectively) with the same LD50 (i.v. injection into mice) of 140 microg/kg were purified from spines of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci. Injection of a sublethal dose of plancitoxin I or II into mice remarkably elevated serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, demonstrating that both toxins are potently hepatotoxic. Analysis by SDS-PAGE revealed that both plancitoxins are composed of two subunits (alpha-subunit of 10 kDa and beta-subunit of 27 kDa) bridged by a disulfide bond. Based on the determined N-terminal amino acid sequences of alpha- and beta-subunits, the full-length cDNA (1820 bp) encoding plancitoxin I was cloned by RT-PCR, 3'-RACE and 5'-RACE. alpha-Subunit (92 amino acid residues) and beta-subunit (240 residues) are coded in this order by the same cDNA. Interestingly, the deduced amino acid sequence of plancitoxin I showed 40-42% homologies with mammalian deoxyribonucleases II (DNases II). In addition, plancitoxin I exhibited DNA degrading activity with an optimum pH of 7.2. Plancitoxin I is the first example of toxic DNases II whose structures have been elucidated.     

海星甾醇保护樟柳碱处理的小鼠免致学习记忆障碍

海星甾醇〔己二酸 ( 5-雄甾烯 - 1 7-酮 - 3β-羟基 )二酯〕6.4,1 9.2 ,57.6mg·kg-1·d-1ig,每日 1次 ,共 30 d后 ,采用“Y”型迷宫实验 ,跳台实验 ,避暗法测定其对樟柳碱致小鼠学习记忆获得和再现障碍的影响 .结果表明 ,海星甾醇明显缩短 Y型迷宫实验小鼠到达安全区的时间 ,减少跳台实验中的错误次数 ,延长潜伏期 ,延长避暗法实验小鼠进入暗箱的潜伏期 ,减少错误次数 ,2 4 h后重复测试得到类似结果 ,与樟柳碱对照组有显著差别 ,达到或优于正常对照组水平 .结果说明海星甾醇能保护樟柳碱处理的小鼠免致学习记忆获得和再现障碍 .     

Body wall structure in the starfish Asterias rubens

The body wall of starfish is composed of magnesium calcite ossicles connected by collagenous tissue and muscles and it exhibits remarkable variability in stiffness, which is attributed to the mechanical mutability of the collagenous component. Using the common European starfish Asterias rubens as an experimental animal, here we have employed a variety of techniques to gain new insights into the structure of the starfish body wall. The structure and organisation of muscular and collagenous components of the body wall were analysed using trichrome staining. The muscle system comprises interossicular muscles as well as muscle strands that connect ossicles with the circular muscle layer of the coelomic lining. The collagenous tissue surrounding the ossicle network contains collagen fibres that form loop‐shaped straps that wrap around calcite struts near to the surface of ossicles. The 3D architecture of the calcareous endoskeleton was visualised for the first time using X‐ray microtomography, revealing the shapes and interactions of different ossicle types. Furthermore, analysis of the anatomical organisation of the ossicles indicates how changes in body shape may be achieved by local contraction/relaxation of interossicular muscles. Scanning synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray diffraction (SAXD) scans of the starfish aboral body wall and ambulacrum were used to study the collagenous tissue component at the fibrillar level. Collagen fibrils in aboral body wall were found to exhibit variable degrees of alignment, with high levels of alignment probably corresponding to regions where collagenous tissue is under tension. Collagen fibrils in the ambulacrum had a uniformly low degree of orientation, attributed to macrocrimp of the fibrils and the presence of slanted as well as horizontal fibrils connecting antimeric ambulacral ossicles. Body wall collagen fibril D‐period lengths were similar to previously reported mammalian D‐periods, but were significantly different between the aboral and ambulacral samples. The overlap/D‐period length ratio within fibrils was higher than reported for mammalian tissues. Collectively, the data reported here provide new insights into the anatomy of the body wall in A. rubens and a foundation for further studies investigating the structural basis of the mechanical properties of echinoderm body wall tissue composites.