皮质发育障碍模型的建立及其致痫敏感性的研究

目的:建立皮质发育障碍模型,探讨皮质发育障碍模型的敏感性。方法:在SD大鼠孕17d腹腔注入1,3-二氯乙烯-亚硝基脲(BCNU)制作皮质发育障碍模型;Nissl染色观察P60d仔鼠病理变化;选取P60d雄性仔鼠,腹腔注射氯化锂-毛果芸香碱,分别比较两组大鼠癫发生的潜伏期、持续状态时间和死亡率。结果:同龄仔鼠脑组织湿重实验组比对照组显著减轻(P<0.01);Nissl染色显示皮质变薄、皮质层次紊乱、海马区域异位细胞异常聚集;有皮质发育障碍的仔鼠注射氯化锂-毛果芸香碱后,癫发生的潜伏期显著缩短(P<0.01),癫持续状态时间延长(P<0.01),死亡率显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:BCNU致皮质发育障碍模型具有癫易感性。     

Long-term effects of glaucoma therapy with 4% pilocarpine gel on corneal clarity and endothelial cell density

Corneal thickness measurements and endothelial cell counts were carried out in 34 patients undergoing treatment for glaucoma with 4% pilocarpine gel between 18 to 78 months after initiation of therapy. The corneal thickness and endothelial cell population were found to be within normal limits in all cases except two, one patient with increased corneal thickness who had recently undergone cataract and glaucoma filtering surgery and another patient with decreased cell count who had an old endothelial scar sustained prior to pilocarpine gel therapy. There was a very close correlation for both of these parameters noticed in patients treated with pilocarpine gel and in age-matched control group of patients with glaucoma. The present study has shown that there are no adverse corneal effects with pilocarpine gel therapy.     

吗啡的呼吸抑制作用与中枢胆碱能系统的关系

本文以兔呼吸频率、通气量和血气作为指标,观察到iv吗啡0.5～4.0mg/kg产生剂量依赖性呼吸抑制。icv匹鲁卡品2.5mg/kg能完全逆转这一抑制效应。icv 4—氨基吡啶(4—AP),1.5μg/kg兴奋呼吸,并使吗啡量效曲线右移。用利血平耗竭儿茶酚胺后,吗啡仍能抑制呼吸,4—AP可消除之。表明吗啡抑制呼吸与中枢胆碱能系统有关,且可能系它抑制Ach释放所致。     

Metabolism of Biogenic Amines in Rat Brain during Pilocarpine-Induced Aggression

Quantitative distribution of bioactive substances in the brain of aggressive rats was studied. The norepinephrine/serotonin ratio increased in the temporal and parietal lobes, hypothalamus, and hippocampus of killer rats. The open filed behavior of aggressive rats is characterized by a long latency period, low locomotor activity, and slow movements. Exposure to constant darkness aggravated abnormal behavioral characteristics of aggressive rats. Serotonin content in the hypothalamus and visual cortex of these rats decreased by 75 and 76%, respectively.     

Improved Corneal Pilocarpine Permeability with O,O′-(l,4-Xylylene) Bispilocarpic Acid Ester Double Prodrugs

0,0-(l,4-Xylylene) bispilocarpic acid esters are pilocarpine pro-drugs containing two pilocarpic acid monoesters linked with one pro-moiety. Each mole of prodrug forms two pilocarpine moles in the presence of esterases. Corneal uptake and permeability of various bispilocarpic acid diesters were investigated in vitro using isolated albino rabbit corneas. The permeability coefficient of pilocarpine was 2.8 × 10 ^–6 cm/sec, whereas for bispilocarpic acid diesters, despite their large molecular weights (between 638 and 722), permeability coefficients were 6.5–20.2 × 10 ^–6 cm/sec. Only pilocarpine, and no intact prodrug, was observed at the endothelial side. Corneal uptake was increased with increasing lipophilicity, but a parabolic relationship between the logarithm of the apparent partition coefficient (1-octanol–pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) (log PC) and the corneal permeability was noticed. Corneal permeability and the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of the compounds correlated well. The corneal permeability of pilocarpine given as lipophilic bispilocarpic acid diester (log PC 3) prodrugs seems to be controlled by the formation of pilocarpine in the corneal epithelium rather than by the absorption of prodrugs into the epithelium or their epithelium–stroma transport rate.     

内皮细胞乙酰胆碱靶标不同于M受体的药理学特征

目的 研究内皮细胞乙酰胆碱靶标与M受体药理学特征的差异。方法 采用离体血管环实验方法,观察抗M_3受体的单克隆抗体和M受体激动剂毛果芸香碱对乙酰胆碱引起的内皮依赖性舒张血管作用的影响。结果 毛果芸香碱能够剂量依赖性拮抗乙酰胆碱诱导的内皮依赖性血管舒张作用,其拮抗性质为非竞争性拮抗;抗M_3受体的单克隆抗体不影响乙酰胆碱诱发的内皮依赖性舒张血管作用,但能拮抗乙酰胆碱诱发的离休肠肌收缩作用。结论 内皮细胞乙酰胆碱靶标的药理学特征不同于经典M受体。     

氨甲酰胆碱和毛果芸香碱对血管内皮细胞M受体基因表达的调节作用

目的：比较氨甲酰胆碱和毛果芸香碱对血管内皮细胞M受体基因表达调节作用的异同点。方法：氨甲酰胆碱和毛果芸香碱分别孵育培养的牛主动脉内皮细胞10h后，提取细胞总RNA，RT-PCR方法测定M受体5个亚型mRNA的表达。结果：M_1～M_5受体mRNA在牛主动脉内皮细胞上均有表达，氨甲酰胆碱和毛果芸香碱孵育后表达量均增加，但二者之间无差异。结论：氨甲酰胆碱和毛果芸香碱对M受体5个亚型的基因表达均发生了相同的影响，两者对M受体可能的作用尚不能解释其对血管张力的影响。     

比较国产与进口复方噻吗洛尔滴眼液对家兔瞳孔和眼压的影响

目的 :比较复方噻吗洛尔国产滴眼液 (含0 .5 %噻吗洛尔和 2 %硝酸毛果芸香碱 )和进口滴眼液 (含 0 .5 %噻吗洛尔和 2 %盐酸毛果芸香碱 )对家兔瞳孔和眼压的影响。方法 :测量正常家兔瞳孔直径变化 ,制备水负荷高眼压兔模型并用压陷式眼压计测量家兔眼压。结果 :国产和进口滴眼液在给药后 15～ 12 0min ,家兔瞳孔明显缩小 ,较对照组眼压明显下降 ,2组间无显著统计差异。结论 :含不同毛果芸香碱盐基的复方噻吗洛尔国产滴眼液与进口滴眼液均具有明显缩瞳和降眼压作用 ,其药理作用强度和作用持续时间无明显差异。