Impact of different types of olive oil on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background and aimThis network meta-analysis (NMA) compares the effects of different types of olive oil (OO) on cardiovascular risk factors.Methods and resultsLiterature search was conducted on three electronic databases (Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central). Inclusion criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (≥3 weeks duration of intervention) comparing at least two of the following types of OO: refined OO (ROO), mixed OO (MOO), low phenolic (extra) virgin OO (LP(E)VOO), and high phenolic (extra) virgin OO (HP(E)VOO). Random-effects NMA was performed for seven outcomes; and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was estimated, using an analytical approach (P-score). Thirteen RCTs (16 reports) with 611 mainly healthy participants (mean age: 26–70 years) were identified. No differences for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and diastolic blood pressure were observed comparing ROO, MOO, LP(E)VOO and HP(E)VOO. HP(E)VOO slightly reduce LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to LP(E)VOO (mean difference [MD]: −0.14 mmol/L, 95%–CI: −0.28, −0.01). Both, HP(E)VOO and LP(E)VOO reduces SBP compared to ROO (range of MD: −2.99 to −2.87 mmHg), and HP(E)VOO may improve oxidized LDL-cholesterol (oxLDL-C) compared to ROO (standardized MD: −0.68, 95%–CI: −1.31, −0.04). In secondary analyses, EVOO may reduce oxLDL-C compared to ROO, and a dose-response relationship between higher intakes of phenolic compounds from OO and lower SBP and oxLDL-C values was detected. HP(E)VOO was ranked as best treatment for LDL-C (P-score: 0.83), oxLDL-C (0.88), and SBP (0.75).ConclusionsHP(E)VOO may improve some cardiovascular risk factors, however, public health implications are limited by overall low or moderate certainty of evidence.     

基于UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS分析刺果番荔枝叶的化学成分

目的利用UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS技术对刺果番荔枝叶的化学成分进行定性分析。方法采用Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T 3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A)和乙腈(B)梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,进样量2μL,在电喷雾正负离子模式下采集数据。经Reaxys数据库检索番荔枝属类化合物信息,通过质谱信息比对各化合物的m/z值、保留时间、质谱特征碎片等,并结合文献数据对鉴定的化合物进行验证。结果根据各化合物的特征裂解规律,从刺果番荔枝叶中共鉴定出45个化合物,包括16个生物碱类,14个番荔枝内酯类,7个黄酮类和8个其他类化合物,其中以番荔枝内酯类和生物碱类成分居多,与文献报道番荔枝内酯与生物碱类化合物是发挥抗癌的主要活性成分一致。结论利用UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS技术对刺果番荔枝叶中的化学成分进行了快速、准确的定性分析,为刺果番荔枝叶的提取分离与药效物质基础的研究提供依据。     

不同无性系杜仲含胶细胞密度的动态研究

文章通过对不同无性系杜仲叶中含胶细胞密度的测量,对其生长动态作了分析研究,结论如下:不同无性系含胶细胞的密度在七月中旬达到最大;在同一引种地的雌雄株之间,雄株含胶细胞的密度不完全小于雌株。     

Some digenetic trematodes of the olive ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudines, Cheloniidae) in Costa Rica

Summary Three species of digeneans including 1 Gorgoderidae (Plesiochorus cymbiformis) from the urinary bladder, 1 Plagiorchiidae (Enodiotrema megachondrus) from the duodenum, and 1 Pachypsolidae (Pachypsolus irroratus) from the stomach were recovered from 2 of 3 olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) found stranded along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. All trematodes represent new locality records. Histopathological changes associated with eggs of cardiovascular flukes (Digenea, Spirorchiidae) were described from the lungs, spleen, and intestine of a single turtle.     

Effects of cimetropium bromide on gallbladder contraction in response to oral and intraduodenal olive oil

Summary To evaluate the influence of the stomach and the cholinergic system on gallbladder contraction induced by physiological stimuli, the reduction in gallbladder volume in 7 healthy volunteers has been studied by real-time ultrasonography after the oral and intraduodenal administration of olive oil, preceded by pretreatment with cimetropium bromide or placebo. After an overnight fast, each subject swallowed 50 ml olive oil or it was administered through a naso-duodenal tube in the proximal duodenum. Cimetropium bromide 5 mg or placebo was given intravenously under double-blind control.After the placebo pretreatment, gallbladder contraction was greater and faster after intraduodenal oil than after oral oil. Cimetropium bromide decreased the extent, velocity and duration of gallbladder contraction induced by intraduodenal olive oil but it only reduced the velocity of the contraction induced by oil given orally.It is concluded that in normal human subjects the stomach modulates the extent and velocity of postprandial gallbladder contraction and that anticholinergic agents antagonize the gastric and duodenal phases of the response of the gallbladder to a meal.     

大叶紫薇叶中降血糖活性成分的筛选

为筛选大叶紫薇叶中具有降血糖活性的成分,采用3T3-L1细胞葡萄糖消耗模型作为检测手段,对大叶紫薇叶提取物采用HP-20树脂吸附、溶剂萃取、制备薄层分离和制备高效液相分离,导向筛选具有降血糖作用的各分离组分.结果发现,大叶紫薇叶中corosolic acid、熊果酸和总三萜具有降血糖活性.     

银杏叶提取物中的芦丁含量测定

用紫外分光光度法测定银杏叶提取物中芦丁的含量，结果表明：以６０％丙酮或７０％乙醇提取银杏叶，所得提取物的芦丁含量为３３．２７％～４３．３８％。     

番石榴叶化学成分研究

目的:研究番石榴Psidium guajava叶的化学成分.方法:利用葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、硅胶和MPLC等色谱方法进行化合物的分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质、波谱数据进行结构鉴定.结果:从番石榴叶中分离得到9个单体化合物,分别为:乌苏酸(ursolic acid,1),2α-羟基乌苏酸(2α-hydroxyursolic acid,2),2α-羟基齐墩果酸(2α-hydroxyoleanolic acid,3),番石榴苷(morin-3-O-α-L-arabopyranoside,4),槲皮素(quercetin,5),金丝桃苷(hyperin,6),杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosid,7),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside(8),1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-葡萄糖(1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose,9).结论:化合物3,7～9为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

碱性脂肪酶测定方法的探讨

对碱性脂肪酶酶活的测定方法进行了研究，对反应底物及其形态、反应的酸碱度、温度、稳定时间等条件进行了对比和选择。     

山楂叶总黄酮含量测定及抗氧化活性研究

目的:评价山西晋南地区采集的山楂叶中总黄酮的含量及体外抗氧化活性。方法:采用显色法测定总黄酮含量;通过对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydra-zyl, DPPH)、2,2-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(2,2′-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]diammonium salt, ABTS)和羟自由基的清除能力评价体外抗氧化活性。结果:山楂叶总黄酮含量为(79.06±2.05)mg/g。总黄酮对DPPH、ABTS自由基清除半数抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC₅₀)分别为(91.63±1.75)和(64.34±4.53)μg/mL,与抗坏血酸相比,相对抗氧化活性(relative antioxidant activity, RAA)分别为40.71%和76.64%;对羟自由基清除率较低,三者均低于同质量浓度下的抗坏血酸。结论:山西晋南地区采集的山楂叶总黄酮含量较高,有较高的抗氧化活性,可...