槟木香散贴敷神阙穴联合蒙脱石散防治阿奇霉素致胃肠道反应临床研究

目的:观察槟木香散贴敷神阙穴联合蒙脱石散防治阿奇霉素致胃肠道反应的临床效果。方法:根据不同防治措施将163例静脉滴注阿奇霉素的患者分为对照组64例和观察组99例。2组均于静脉滴注阿奇霉素前30 min温水冲服蒙脱石散。观察组于静脉滴注阿奇霉素前30 min将槟木香散调成的药膏贴敷于神阙穴上,持续至滴注完成后2 h。2组均连续观察7天。记录恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻等胃肠道反应发生的例数、发生时间和持续时间,并评价胃肠道反应各症状的程度。结果:治疗后,观察组胃肠道反应发生率为8.08%,低于对照组的23.44%(P<0.01)。观察组胃肠道反应程度轻于对照组(P<0.05)。2组胃肠道反应发生时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻持续的时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:采用槟木香散贴敷神阙穴联合蒙脱石散干预静脉滴注阿奇霉素的患者,可减少胃肠道不良反应的发生率,减轻不良反应程度,促进胃肠道症状的消除。     

蒙脱石散联合Vit.Bco治疗对大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗致口腔溃疡的效果观察

目的 探讨蒙脱石散联合Vit.Bco在治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）患者使用甲氨蝶呤化疗致口腔溃疡的临床效果。方法 将2018年1月~2019年12月在本院血液内科住院行大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗继发口腔溃疡的102例ALL患者作为研究对象,对照组采用常规漱口水漱口,观察组在对照组的基础上加用蒙脱石散联合Vit.Bco糊状物涂抹在溃疡处,对比两组患者口腔溃疡恢复及疼痛评分情况。结果 观察组口腔溃疡治愈率为94.33%,对照组口腔溃疡治愈率为77.55%;观察组疼痛评分为2.29±1.09分,对照组疼痛评分为2.97±1.12分,两组指标对比差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 本研究中,蒙脱石散联合Vit.Bco能有效治疗大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗引起的口腔溃疡,但确切疗效尚需多中心进一步随机对照研究验证。     

盐酸倍他洛尔-蒙脱石脂质体的制备与性能考察

目的:优化盐酸倍他洛尔-蒙脱石脂质体(Mt-BH-LP)的处方及制备工艺,考察其体外释放性能和渗透性能。方法:采用乙醇注入法-硫酸铵梯度法制备Mt-BH-LP;以包封率和载药量为评价指标,采用正交试验优化Mt-BH-LP的处方;通过透析法考察Mt-BH-LP的体外释放性能;以家兔离体角膜为模型,采用体外改良的Franz扩散池法研究Mt-BH-LP的渗透性,以人永生化角膜上皮细胞(i HCEC)为模型,研究Mt-BH-LP的渗透性。结果:Mt-BH-LP处方工艺条件为卵磷脂-BH(5∶1),卵磷脂-胆固醇(9∶1),硫酸铵浓度0.15 mol·L~(-1),卵磷脂质量225 mg。Mt-BH-LP包封率(75.85±2.15)%,载药量(11.41±0.29)%,平均粒径(218±22.32)nm,Zeta电位(17.03±0.25)m V;体外释放试验表明Mt-BH-LP在10 h累计释放度达到60.2%,离体角膜透过试验结果表明Mt-BH-LP的角膜水化值[(76.72±2.68)%]在正常范围内。结论:采用乙醇注入法-硫酸铵梯度法制备的Mt-BH-LP包封率和载药量较高,缓释性能良好,具有良好的开发与应用前景。     

盐酸倍他洛尔蒙脱石微球的制备及其体外释放性能的研究

目的制备可满足缓释要求的镶嵌蒙脱石的离子交换缓释微球。方法采用S/O1/O2/O3复乳-溶剂挥发法制备微球,考察处方因素包括复乳相体积比例、药物质量浓度、膜材用量和乳化剂质量分数对微球制备的影响。以微球体外释放为考察指标,优化微球处方。结果研究所得到的微球最佳处方为大豆油∶药物=6∶1,药物∶膜材=1∶5,乳化剂质量分数为0.5%²%。除乳化剂外,其他因素对微球体外释放均有较大影响。所制备微球的体外释放可以达到10h,基本无突释现象。进行形态观察发现,微球较为圆整,粒径比较均匀。结论采用优化处方以复乳-溶剂挥发法所制备盐酸倍他洛尔蒙脱石微球体外具有缓释性能。     

不同pH值条件下蒙脱石散对配伍药物体外吸附作用的影响

目的研究在不同pH值人工胃液和人工肠液中蒙脱石散对常与其配伍药物诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、萸连片、雷尼替丁、法莫替丁、阿昔洛韦、利巴韦林的体外吸附作用。方法取蒙脱石散分别加入到用不同pH人工胃液和人工肠液溶解的上述药物溶液中,用高效液相色谱法测定药物含量,计算吸附率。结果蒙脱石对萸连片中巴马汀、小檗碱的吸附率达95%以上;对诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星吸附率达80%左右;对阿昔洛韦、利巴韦林吸附率比较小,在10%以下;对法莫替丁和雷尼替丁的吸附率随着pH值的增加而降低。结论蒙脱石散对上述药物有不同的吸附作用,吸附率大的药物配伍应用时注意服药间隔时间。     

鞣酸蛋白酵母散对幼年大鼠腹泻的治疗作用及其机制研究

目的 研究鞣酸蛋白酵母散的治疗作用及其与保护肠黏膜、促进其修复的关系。方法 将48只21 d SD大鼠随机分为6组：对照组、模型组、蒙脱石散（阳性药,0.8 g/kg）组和鞣酸蛋白酵母散低、中、高剂量（0.1、0.3、0.9 g/kg）组。除对照组外,所有动物用4 g/kg番泻叶水煎剂连续ig 2周后,ig给药,对照组和模型组给予等体积的蒸馏水,每天2次,给药5 d。记录各组大鼠稀便率和腹泻指数。经治疗后,取各组大鼠空肠做苏木精-伊红染色和免疫组化,分别观察肠黏膜组织结构的改变和肠黏膜增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达的变化。同时,刮取大鼠空肠黏膜分别测定DNA、总蛋白和IL-6的表达水平。结果 与模型组比较,经高剂量的鞣酸蛋白酵母散治疗后,大鼠稀便率和腹泻指数显著降低（P<0.001）,空肠绒毛结构基本恢复正常,空肠黏膜DNA含量显著增加（P<0.05）,PCNA表达显著增加（P<0.001）,IL-6表达减少。中剂量的鞣酸蛋白酵母散可改善大鼠腹泻,但对其他指标没有显著影响。而低剂量的鞣酸蛋白酵母散则无作用。结论 鞣酸蛋白酵母散对幼年大鼠腹泻有治疗作用,并可促进肠黏膜修复。     

蒙脱石散联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片、消旋卡多曲治疗小儿急性腹泻的临床效果

目的探究蒙脱石散联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片、消旋卡多曲治疗小儿急性腹泻的临床效果。方法将我院收治的68例急性腹泻患儿根据治疗药物不同分为对照组(34例,蒙脱石散联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片)和观察组(34例,在对照组基础上加用消旋卡多曲)。比较两组的临床治疗效果。结果观察组的治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的LDH、CK、CK-MB水平及CD8+均降低,CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+均升高,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论蒙脱石散、双歧杆菌四联活菌片及消旋卡多曲联合治疗小儿急性腹泻能够有效提高患儿的治疗效果,增强其免疫力,避免了疾病对患儿心肌的损害,效果显著。     

Antibacterial Effect of Amino Acid–Silver Complex Loaded Montmorillonite Incorporated in Dental Acrylic Resin

Several dental materials contain silver for antibacterial effect, however the effect is relatively low. The reason for the lower antibacterial efficacy of silver is considered to be the fact that silver ions bind to chloride ions in saliva. To develop new effective silver antibacterial agents that can be useful in the mouth, we synthesized two novel amino acid (methionine or histidine)–silver complexes (Met or His–Ag) loaded with montmorillonite (Mont) and analyzed their antibacterial efficacy. At first the complexes were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and amino acid–Ag complex-loaded Mont (amino acid–Ag–Mont) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial efficacy of these materials in dental acrylic resin was then investigated by bacterial growth measurement using a spectrophotometer. As controls, commercially available silver-loaded zeolite and silver-zirconium phosphate were also tested. Dental acrylic resin incorporating His–Ag–Mont strongly inhibited Streptococcus mutans growth. This was explained by the fact that His-Ag complex revealed the highest amounts of silver ions in the presence of chloride. The structure of the amino acid–Ag complexes affected the silver ion presence in chloride and the antibacterial efficacy. His–Ag–Mont might be used as antibacterial agents for dental materials.     

Alginate/quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/clay nanocomposite microspheres: preparation and drug-controlled release behavior

Drug-delivery systems, using natural drug carriers, have become increasingly important because of their nontoxicity and biodegradability. In this study, firstly, quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCMC) was intercalated into the interlayer of organic montmorillonite (OMMT) to obtain the QCMC/OMMT nanocomposites, their structure, morphology, and thermal stability were investigated. Next, crosslinked alginate/QCMC/OMMT (AQCOM) microsphere was obtained by crosslinking with CaCl₂, and the drug-controlled release behavior was evaluated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model drug. The results suggested that, carboxyl groups in alginate and QCMC crosslinked with Ca²⁺, quaternary ammonium groups in QCMC or OMMT electrostatically interacted with carboxyl groups in alginate, and there was stable three-dimensional network in AQCOM microsphere. The swelling ratio of AQCOM microspheres decreased with the increase of OMMT content, the lowest one was only about 45% compared to the microsphere without OMMT of 197%. Besides, the in vitro release results for BSA indicated that the AQCOM microsphere displayed more excellent encapsulation and controlled release capacities than the microsphere without OMMT. The in vitro active cutaneous anaphylaxis test was carried out on Guinea pigs, which revealed that AQCOM microsphere did not cause anaphylaxis. Therefore, QCMC/OMMT nanocomposites from natural materials are considerably suitable to apply as drug-controlled release carriers.     

Silicoaluminates as “Support Activator” Systems in Olefin Polymerization Processes

In this work we report the polymerization behaviour of natural clays (montmorillonites, MMT) as activating supports. These materials have been modified by treatment with different aluminium compounds in order to obtain enriched aluminium clays and to modify the global Brönsted/Lewis acidity. As a consequence, the intrinsic structural properties of the starting materials have been changed. These changes were studied and these new materials used for ethylene polymerization using a zirconocene complex as catalyst. All the systems were shown to be active in ethylene polymerization. The catalyst activity and the dependence on acid strength and textural properties have been also studied. The behaviour of an artificial silica (SBA 15) modified with an aluminium compound to obtain a silicoaluminate has been studied, but no ethylene polymerization activity has been found yet.