有机锗对环磷酸胺抗移植肝癌作用的影响

用有机锗（Ge－132）试验治疗荷移植肝癌小鼠。结果：De－132高剂量（12．5mg/次）治疗组的抑癌率为用31．0％，移植肝癌白细胞（WBC）浸润（＋＋＋）占72．7％、血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性为121Nu／ml，而生理盐水对照治疗组相应的后两项指标分别为用36．4％及81Nu／ml，两组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05）；环磷酰胺（CTX）治疗组的抑癌率为37.0％，癌体WBC浸润（＋＋＋）为27.3％，血清SOD活性为102Nu／ml；ge-132高剂量与CTX2联合治疗组的抑癌率为45．0％，癌体WBC浸润（＋＋＋）为54．5％，血清SOD活性为142Nu/ml，两组比较，后二项指标有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。由此提示Ge-132高剂量能明显增强荷移植肝癌小鼠的细胞免疫及血清SOD活性，并有一定的抗移植肝癌作用。     

锗元素与抗肿瘤药物(Ⅱ)(续上期)

综述了有机锗抗肿瘤药物，对β－羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（Ｇｅ－１３２）和螺锗在肿瘤学中的作用以及抗癌效应机制作出评价。自８０年代起至今，又有含硫杂、柠檬酸、氨基酸、苯基的锗化合物，以及锗酵母、含锗中草药等被先后合成出来。在几类具有生物活性的有机锗化合物中，仍首推Ｇｅ－１３２，螺锗及其衍生物为低毒有效抗肿瘤候选药物，然而对于锗导致的毒性及其机理仍需进一步加以探讨。     

4种保健品口服液中微量锗分析

用苯芴酮—溴化十六烷基三甲基铵分光光度法测定了昂立 1号、盐水瓶、九鹿回、必原安神口服液中锗含量。结果表明 ,这 4种保健品口服液中锗含量差异较大 ,其由高到低的顺序为 :盐水瓶口服液 >九鹿回口服液 >昂立 1号口服液 >必原安神口服液。各样品中锗含量比较 ,除必原安神口服液与盐水瓶口服液、昂立 1号口服液、九鹿回口服液有高度显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)外 ,其余各样品均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。本结果为探讨保健品类口服液中锗含量及其与人体健康的关系提供了有用的参考数据     

富锗金针菇多糖对小鼠肝脏的保护作用

目的：研究富锗金针菇多糖（cFVP）对急性肝损伤小鼠转氨酶活性的影响及对肝脏的保护作用，在此基础上研究其精制品FVP1对cCl4损伤的小鼠原代肝细胞的保护作用。方法：采用0．2％CCl4灌胃造成小鼠急性肝损伤模型，以CFVP和阳性对照联苯双酯灌胃给药，测定血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）的活性，并对小鼠肝脏进行切片观察；采用二步分离法制备小鼠原代肝细胞，检测FVP1对CCl4损伤的原代肝细胞ALT活力的影响。结果：CFVP高、中剂量组对CCl4致急性肝损伤小鼠ALT活性的升高具有显著的降低作用，与造模组相比有极显著性差异（P〈0．01）；低剂量组与造模组相比有显著性差异（P〈0．05），CFVP对CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤有明显的保护作用；FVP1中剂量组、低剂量组可使培养液中的ALT活性明显低于模型组，具有极显著性差异（P〈0．01），即ALT明显减少，说明FVP1对CCl4损伤的原代小鼠肝细胞具有保护作用，结论：富锗金针菇多糖具有保护肝脏细胞，防止肝细胞坏死的作用。     

Natural and anthropogenic radioactivity levels and the associated radiation hazard in the soil of Oodalia Tea Estate in the hilly region of Fatickchari in Chittagong,Bangladesh

Radioactivity in the soil of a tea garden in the Fatickchari area in Chittagong, Bangladesh, was measured using a high-resolution HPGe detector. The soil samples were collected from depths of up to 20 cm beneath the soil surface. The activity concentrations of naturally occurring ²³⁸U and ²³²Th were observed to be in the range of 27 ± 7 to 53 ± 8 Bq kg⁻¹ and 36 ± 11 to 72 ± 11 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. The activity concentration of ⁴⁰K ranged from 201 ± 78 to 672 ± 81 Bq kg⁻¹, and the highest activity of fallout ¹³⁷Cs observed was 10 ± 1 Bq kg⁻¹. The average activity concentration observed for ²³⁸U was 39 ± 8 Bq kg⁻¹, for ²³²Th was 57 ± 11 Bq kg⁻¹, for ⁴⁰K was 384 ± 79 Bq kg⁻¹ and for ¹³⁷Cs was 5 ± 0.5 Bq kg⁻¹. The radiological hazard parameters (representative level index, radium equivalent activity, outdoor and indoor dose rates, outdoor and indoor annual effective dose equivalents, and radiation hazard index) were calculated from the radioactivity in the soil.     

催化褪色光度法测定中草药白花蛇舌草中的微量锗

目的：利用催化褪色光度法测定中草药白花蛇舌草中微量元素锗。方法用超声波清洗仪提取中草药白花蛇舌草中微量元素锗,并用催化褪色光度法测定锗元素的含量。研究痕量锗在稀硫酸介质中催化加速溴酸钾、过氧化氢与中性红之间的反应,建立催化光度法测定痕量锗的方法。结果本实验测得中草药白花蛇舌草中无机锗（Ⅳ）含量为0.0248μg/g。结论该法灵敏度、精密度均能满足检测工作的需要。     

The Effects of Annealing Temperatures on Composition and Strain in SixGe1?x Obtained by Melting Growth of Electrodeposited Ge on Si (100)

The effects of annealing temperatures on composition and strain in Si_xGe_1−x, obtained by rapid melting growth of electrodeposited Ge on Si (100) substrate were investigated. Here, a rapid melting process was performed at temperatures of 1000, 1050 and 1100°C for 1 s. All annealed samples show single crystalline structure in (100) orientation. A significant appearance of Si-Ge vibration mode peak at ~00 cm⁻¹ confirms the existence of Si-Ge intermixing due to out-diffusion of Si into Ge region. On a rapid melting process, Ge melts and reaches the thermal equilibrium in short time. Si at Ge/Si interface begins to dissolve once in contact with the molten Ge to produce Si-Ge intermixing. The Si fraction in Si-Ge intermixing was calculated by taking into account the intensity ratio of Ge-Ge and Si-Ge vibration mode peaks and was found to increase with the annealing temperatures. It is found that the strain turns from tensile to compressive as the annealing temperature increases. The Si fraction dependent thermal expansion coefficient of Si_xGe_1−x is a possible cause to generate such strain behavior. The understanding of compositional and strain characteristics is important in Ge/Si heterostructure as these properties seem to give significant effects in device performance.     

咖啡酸锗对小鼠子宫颈癌14号的抑制作用

目的:观察咖啡酸锗对小鼠子宫颈癌14号(U14)的作用。方法:以无菌生理盐水按1∶3稀释,调整细胞数约为2.08×109个/L,于每只小鼠右肢皮下接种0.2mLU14,以咖啡酸锗高、中、低3个剂量连续给药10d,以生理盐水组为模型对照组,计算各剂量组对U14的抑制率。结果:咖啡酸锗高、中剂量对U14有较好的抑制率,低剂量也有一定的抑制作用,且给药前后小鼠体重明显增加。结论:咖啡酸锗对小鼠U14有抑制作用,且毒性很小。     

Retention of streptococci to defined solid surfaces in the presence of saliva secretions

The initial surface retention of Streptococcus sanguis (G9B and ATCC 10556) and Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 9758 and ATCC 13419) was examined using a well defined flow cell system. The microorganisms, known to be recovered from hard vs. soft tissue surfaces, respectively, were suspended in either Ringer solution, human parotid saliva (HPS), human submandibular and sublingual saliva (HSMSL), or mixed saliva. Microbial retention was evaluated on germanium prisms of low (20–25 mNm⁻¹) and medium (30–35 mNm⁻¹) critical surface tensions following distilled water rinse at 1 ml/min for 15 min. When suspended in only Ringer solution, the tested microorganisms showed patterns of generally high retention, that reflected the influence of both bacterial and substratum surface properties. However, in the saliva suspensions an overall reduction of retention was found with preferential retention to surfaces of medium critical surface tension for all bacteria. When comparing HPS and HSMSL as the suspending medium, a statistically significant observation was that smaller numbers of retained bacteria were recorded in the presence of HSMSL. The most frequently observed relationship between the tested salivas and numbers of retained cells was HSMSL < MIXED < HPS.     

高锗灵芝对自然衰老大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

目的探讨高锗灵芝对自然衰老大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的影响。方法40只自然衰老大鼠随机分成对照组、高锗灵芝低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组。将高锗灵芝粉剂配成浓度分别为20 g.L-1、40 g.L-1和80 g.L-1的溶液,分别灌胃低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组的大鼠,对照组用蒸馏水灌胃,每只大鼠灌胃的溶液体积为10 mL.kg-1。每日1次,45 d后断头处死,取血,测定血清SOD、MDA的含量。结果高锗灵芝中、高剂量组大鼠血清SOD含量均显著高于对照组和低剂量组(P<0.05);MDA含量均显著低于对照组和低剂量组(P<0.05),中剂量组与高剂量组之间及对照组与低剂量组之间血清SOD、MDA含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论服用高锗灵芝的量应适中。中、高剂量的高锗灵芝可减少自然衰老大鼠血清自由基的产生,加速自由基的清除,具有一定抗衰老的生物学作用。