A systematic review of antiglycation medicinal plants

Background and objectivesThe present review shows a list of anti-glycation plants with their anti-glycation activity mechanisms that can attract the attention of pharmacologist for further scientific research towards finding better remedy for diabetic complications.MaterialsGoogle scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched. The terms were advanced glycation end products (AGEs), medicinal plants, antiglycation products.Resultsplants that studied in this review inhibit glycation in several possible mechanisms. Some of these plants inhibit the production of shiff base and amadori products. The others inhibit the generation of amadori products in the advanced phase. Some others blocked the aggregation of AGEs and some plants have antioxidant activity and reduce AGEs formation by preventing oxidation of amadori product and metal-catalyzed glucoxidation.ConclusionThis review can help pharmacologist to find antiglycation natural substance that can be useful in treatment of diabetic complications.     

Differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with CT radiomics features

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether computed tomography (CT)-based machine learning of radiomics features could help distinguish autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Materials and MethodsEighty-nine patients with AIP (65 men, 24 women; mean age, 59.7 ± 13.9 [SD] years; range: 21–83 years) and 93 patients with PDAC (68 men, 25 women; mean age, 60.1 ± 12.3 [SD] years; range: 36–86 years) were retrospectively included. All patients had dedicated dual-phase pancreatic protocol CT between 2004 and 2018. Thin-slice images (0.75/0.5 mm thickness/increment) were compared with thick-slices images (3 or 5 mm thickness/increment). Pancreatic regions involved by PDAC or AIP (areas of enlargement, altered enhancement, effacement of pancreatic duct) as well as uninvolved parenchyma were segmented as three-dimensional volumes. Four hundred and thirty-one radiomics features were extracted and a random forest was used to distinguish AIP from PDAC. CT data of 60 AIP and 60 PDAC patients were used for training and those of 29 AIP and 33 PDAC independent patients were used for testing.ResultsThe pancreas was diffusely involved in 37 (37/89; 41.6%) patients with AIP and not diffusely in 52 (52/89; 58.4%) patients. Using machine learning, 95.2% (59/62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.8–100%), 83.9% (52:67; 95% CI: 74.7–93.0%) and 77.4% (48/62; 95% CI: 67.0–87.8%) of the 62 test patients were correctly classified as either having PDAC or AIP with thin-slice venous phase, thin-slice arterial phase, and thick-slice venous phase CT, respectively. Three of the 29 patients with AIP (3/29; 10.3%) were incorrectly classified as having PDAC but all 33 patients with PDAC (33/33; 100%) were correctly classified with thin-slice venous phase with 89.7% sensitivity (26/29; 95% CI: 78.6–100%) and 100% specificity (33/33; 95% CI: 93–100%) for the diagnosis of AIP, 95.2% accuracy (59/62; 95% CI: 89.8–100%) and area under the curve of 0.975 (95% CI: 0.936–1.0).ConclusionsRadiomic features help differentiate AIP from PDAC with an overall accuracy of 95.2%.     

Insight towards Nucleation Mechanism and Change in Morphology for Nanostructured Platinum Thin Film Directly Grown on Carbon Substrate via Electrochemical Deposition

Nanocrystalline platinum with different morphologies is synthesized via electrochemical deposition technique. The nucleation mechanism and its structural effect over the electrodeposited Pt on carbon electrodes have been systematically studied. Powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy are employed to study nucleation, oxidation states, and Pt structure growth on a carbon electrode. This study reports significant development of Pt metal nanoparticles with different morphologies such as a sphere, flower, core-flower, and rod-like structure directly fabricated on carbon electrode while tuning the deposition parameters such as current density, time, temperature, pH during the deposition process. The proposed electrochemical route represents a superior fabrication procedure for large-scale electrode fabrication compared to a conventional method for preparing membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cell stacks.     

不同手术方法治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折临床疗效观察

目的探讨不同手术方法治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折临床疗效。方法选择2016年1月—2018年12月84例复杂胫骨平台骨折患者,随机分组。单侧锁定钢板内固定组选择单侧锁定钢板内固定手术,双侧切口双侧解剖钢板内固定组选择双侧切口双侧解剖钢板内固定。分析手术操作时间、手术失血、平均住院天数以及复杂胫骨平台骨折愈合时间;治疗前后患者视觉模拟评分和Rasmussen膝关节功能评分;膝关节僵硬发生率。结果双侧切口双侧解剖钢板内固定组视觉模拟评分和Rasmussen膝关节功能评分、手术操作时间、手术失血、平均住院天数以及复杂胫骨平台骨折愈合时间、膝关节僵硬发生率和单侧锁定钢板内固定组比较有优势,P<0.05。结论复杂胫骨平台骨折患者实施双侧切口双侧解剖钢板内固定可获得较好效果。     

子宫内膜功能亢进性疾病的“异病同治”诊治研究思路＊

笔者根据现代临床子宫内膜的病理演变过程结合中医“异病同治”理念，提出“子宫内膜功能亢进性疾病”概念，涵盖5种常见的子宫内膜疾病：无排卵性异常子宫出血（Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Ovulatory dysfunction，AUB-O），子宫内膜息肉（Endometrial Polyp，EP），子宫内膜异位症（Endometriosis，EMs），子宫腺肌病（Adenomyosis，AM），子宫内膜癌（Endometrial Carcinoma，EC）。基于文献的汇总，分析得到此类疾病的子宫内膜病理演变与中医病因病机的关联性，为寻找关键通路、创新性治疗此类疾病提供了重要的参考方向，对深化中医妇科学常见疾病的共性病因病机提供了理论依据和探索思路。     

基于荧光定量PCR技术的当归不同炮制品中大肠埃希菌数量测定方法开发及比较研究

目的对当归不同炮制品中大肠埃希菌变化进行定量分析。方法建立荧光定量PCR方法,对当归不同炮制品、不同产地、不同收集企业、不同储藏时间的大肠埃希菌进行定量分析。结果不同炮制品中大肠埃希菌数量变化为生当归土炒当归酒当归;在不同产地的当归中以甘肃岷县地区所含的大肠埃希菌的数量最少;与零售企业相比,生产销售企业的当归和酒当归中大肠埃希菌的数量较少;不同储藏时间对当归和酒当归中大肠埃希菌数量有一定影响,随储藏时间的增加,大肠埃希菌的数量也在增加。对部分代表性样品进行平板计数法与荧光定量PCR法比较时发现,平板计数法结果多呈阴性,荧光定量PCR结果均呈阳性。结论所建立的荧光定量PCR法特异性、灵敏度、可靠性以及报告周期均优于平板计数法,可为当归不同炮制品中大肠埃希菌的快速、准确定量检测提供有效手段。     

Posición técnica sobre la leche y derivados lácteos en la salud y en la enfermedad del adulto de la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología y la Asociación Mexicana de Gerontología y Geriatría

Milk is a liquid food that possesses an important quantity of highly bioavailable macronutrients. In addition, it is readily accessible, as well as relatively inexpensive. Given that the knowledge of physicians about nutrition and food composition is deficient, in general, many of the dietary interventions recommended in diverse clinical settings lack a scientific basis. The aim of the present review was to produce a technical opinion that serves as a frame of reference to best sustain recommendations for consuming milk and dairy products as daily nutrition in the adult and older adult. The effects of milk and dairy products during the pediatric stage are not addressed in the present work. The Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología and the Asociación Mexicana de Gerontología y Geriatría jointly discussed and analyzed topics dealing with the legal designation of milk, the classification and nutritional profile of cow's milk, its nutritional characteristics, its consumption in the adult, intolerance to cow's milk, and associations of milk consumption with digestive tract alterations and other conditions. Finally, certain aspects of milk consumption in the older adult and its relation to overall health are briefly discussed.     

Academic–Industrial Collaboration: Toward the Consilience of Two Solitudes

Current major advances in drug discovery can be traced back to pioneering contributions originating from academics over a century ago. Living in a symbiotic yet noninvasive coexistence, the academic community and the pharmaceutical industry have strived, each in their own way, to develop the modern medicines that benefit humankind today. The subject is presented from a historical and personal perspective.