大黄对实验性糖尿病大鼠肾脏肥大及高滤过作用的影响

肾脏肥大和高滤过是糖尿病肾病出现最早的病理生理特征。本研究利用中药大黄抑制糖尿病的肾脏肥大,试图达到控制其高滤过现象。实验结果表明,大黄能明显地抑制糖尿病肾脏肥大及其组织中蛋白质、DNA含量的增加;大黄治疗组的菊粉清除率明显低于非治疗组;此外,大黄还能使糖尿病血清甘油三酯、胆固醇水平降低。结论:大黄可以通过影响糖尿病肾病肾脏肥大,降低高滤过和纠正血脂代谢紊乱,治疗实验性糖尿病肾病动物模型。     

丹霞地貌生境中铁皮石斛的繁殖生物学研究

目的:揭示丹霞地貌生境中铁皮石斛的繁育系统及濒危机制.方法:对该地区铁皮石斛的生境、生长特性、开花物候、繁殖特性以及资源破坏状况等进行了调查.结果:丹霞地貌铁皮石斛生长环境恶劣,春季为其生长高峰;2～3年生茎开花,花后及时授粉,结实率较高;授粉后4～5 d子房开始膨大,果实成熟期为185 d左右;自然有性繁殖的结实率(0.31%)极低;无性克隆繁殖1丛仅1年生1茎.结论:丹霞地貌生境下铁皮石斛群体自然更新主要是通过分蘖繁殖实现的;人为掠夺性采集是该地区铁皮石斛野生资源濒危的主要因素.     

铁皮石斛的栽培研究

本文总结了铁皮石斛组培苗移栽的最佳时间、最佳基质及温湿度的控制,使铁皮石斛的栽培变得简单易行。     

铁皮石斛的组织培养研究

本文通过实验总结出组培铁皮石斛各个阶段的培养基。诱导培养基N_6 BA2.5mg/L;N_6 BA2.5mg/L IBAO.5mg/L;分化培养基N_6 BA1.5mg/L NAA1.2mg/L 5％香蕉汁;生根壮苗培养基N_6 NAA2.5mg/L 1O％土豆汁。     

铁皮石斛多糖对高糖诱导的血管内皮细胞Bax、Bcl-2表达的影响

目的优化铁皮石斛多糖提取工艺,研究其对高糖诱导的静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)的保护作用机制。方法在单因素实验基础上,利用响应面法优化多糖的提取工艺;体外培养HUVEC细胞,将对数生长期的细胞分为空白对照组、正常血糖组、高糖刺激组和不同铁皮石斛多糖浓度+高糖刺激组,分别作用24和48 h后,采用MTT法检测的HUVEC凋亡的影响,用RT-PCR法检测内皮细胞Bax、Bcl-2的表达情况。结果铁皮石斛多糖提取的最优条件为:提取次数为2.8次,液(m L)料比(g)15.75∶1,提取时间2 h,在此条件下,理论计算提取率达到25.1%,实测提取率为24.9%,与模型高度拟合。与正常组相比,高糖组抑制细胞的生长,增强Bax的表达,抑制Bcl-2的表达,在高糖诱导下,铁皮石斛多糖促进细胞生长,抑制Bax的表达,增强Bcl-2的表达。结论通过响应面法优化的工艺,得率高,提取效果好。铁皮石斛多糖可通过抑制高糖诱导的血管内皮细胞Bax的表达,增强Bcl-2的表达,从而抑制血管内皮细胞凋亡,在一定程度上可防治糖尿病血管病变。     

Chemical composition of essential oil and oleoresins of Zingiber officinale and toxicity of extracts/essential oil against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella)

Abstract

Essential oil (EO) of ginger and oleoresins isolated from extraction solvents by GC–MS. Zingiberene was the major constituent in all the samples, and ethanol could extract the maximum quantity (21.2%) from the dried de-oiled cake (EDD) followed by EO (20.3%) as compared to oleoresins. Hydro-distilled EO contains higher oxygenated monoterpenes (22.4%) than oleoresins. EDD showed more toxicity to larvae of Plutella xylostella (LC₅₀?=?4957.9?mg L^?1) after 96?h and was followed by EDW (LC₅₀?=?5067.6?mg L^?1) and EF (LC₅₀?=?6631.2?mg L^?1). EO also showed promising efficacy (LC₅₀?=?5875.9?mg L^?1) and repellency (97.1%) against P. xylostella.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of auxiliary chemical substances and natural extracts on Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis in root canals

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of auxiliary chemical substances and natural extracts on Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis inoculated in root canals.

Material and Methods:

Seventy-two human tooth roots were contaminated with C. albicans and E. faecalis for 21 days. The groups were divided according to the auxiliary chemical substance into: G1) 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), G2) 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX), G3) castor oil, G4) glycolic Aloe vera extract, G5) glycolic ginger extract, and G6) sterile saline (control). The samples of the root canal were collected at different intervals: confirmation collection, at 21 days after contamination; 1^st collection, after instrumentation; and 2^nd collection, seven days after instrumentation. Microbiological samples were grown in culture medium and incubated at 37º C for 48 hours.

Results:

The results were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (5%) statistical tests. NaOCl and CHX completely eliminated the microorganisms of the root canals. Castor oil and ginger significantly reduced the number of CFU of the tested bacteria. Reduction of CFU/mL at the 1^st and 2^nd collections for groups G1, G2, G3 and G4 was greater in comparison to groups G5 and G6.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine gel were more effective in eliminating C. albicans and E. faecalis, followed by the castor oil and glycolic ginger extract. The Aloe vera extract showed no antimicrobial activity.     

大黄为主的中药组方治疗急性百草枯中毒肺损伤前后患者肺部CT的变化

目的：观察以大黄为主的中药组方治疗急性百草枯中毒（ APP）肺损伤前后患者肺部CT的变化。方法选择92例APP肺损伤患者,随机分为中药治疗组和常规治疗组,每组46例。所有患者均给予常规药物综合治疗及行血液灌流,中药治疗组在此基础上,待患者停止排绿色便后,口服百草枯中毒解毒方。根据服毒时间分为中毒急性期（1～7 d）、亚急性期（8～14 d）和慢性期（＞14 d）,观察两组患者各期肺部CT变化。结果各时期两组的肺部CT特征比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。在急性期,中药治疗组肺部CT表现以肺纹理增强为主,其比例高于常规治疗组,常规治疗组以磨玻璃样改变为主,其比例高于中药治疗组;在亚急性期,中药治疗组肺部CT表现以磨玻璃样改变为主,其比例高于常规治疗组,而常规治疗组大多数患者已出现肺实质病变及肺间质病变,肺实质病变及肺间质病变的比例均高于中药治疗组;在慢性期,中药治疗组出现肺实质病变的比例高于常规治疗组,但肺间质病变的比例均低于常规治疗组。中药治疗组存活率为67．38％,高于常规治疗组的39．13％（P＜0．05）。结论以大黄为主的中药组方治疗APP肺损伤患者可显著减轻肺损伤程度,改善患者预后。     

两种石斛的水溶性多糖和碱溶性多糖体外抗氧化活性的研究

目的 比较金钗石斛、铁皮石斛的水溶性多糖和碱溶性多糖的抗氧化活性.方法 紫外分光光度法测定两种石斛多糖抗氧化自由基的清除率.结果 金钗石斛水溶性多糖和碱溶性多糖、铁皮石斛水溶性多糖和碱溶性多糖对羟自由基的清除率分别是112.69％、52.24％、69.40％、113.43％,对H2O2的清除率分别是38.87％、17.51％、18.69％、37.09％,对DPPH·的清除率分别是54.74％、48.59％、84.04％、78.02％.结论 金钗石斛和铁皮石斛具有一定的体外抗氧化能力.其中,金钗石斛的水溶性多糖的抗氧化能力强于碱溶性多糖.而铁皮石斛的碱溶性多糖的抗氧化能力较强于水溶性多糖.