雷公藤多苷片对高脂小鼠血脂的影响

目的 研究雷公藤多苷片对高脂小鼠血脂的影响。方法 采用高血脂小鼠模型,通过小鼠尾静脉注射不同剂量（0.5,1.0,1.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）雷公藤多苷,测定不同时间段小鼠体质量和血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（totaltriglyceride,TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low densitylipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）的含量及卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase,LCAT）、肝脂酶（hepatic lipase,HL）和脂蛋白脂酶（lipoprotein lipase,LPL）的活性,研究雷公藤多苷对小鼠体质量、血脂代谢、动脉粥样硬化指数、肝脏LCAT水平等的影响。结果 给予高脂饲料后小鼠体质量和血脂显著升高（P<0.01）,动脉粥样硬化指数显著升高（P<0.01）,抗动脉粥样硬化指数显著下降（P<0.01）。注射雷公藤多苷能显著降低高血脂模型小鼠血清TC、TG和LDL-C,同时显著降低高脂饮食所导致的动脉粥样硬化指数升高。此外,雷公藤多苷片能显著提高血清LCAT水平和HL、LPL的活性。结论 雷公藤多苷片具有一定的降血脂功能,并能有效降低动脉粥样硬化的发生几率。     

抗动脉粥样硬化潜在新靶标磷脂转移蛋白的研究进展

磷脂转移蛋白能介导脂蛋白间磷脂的转移，对高密度脂蛋白和极低密度脂蛋白的代谢都具有重要的调控作用。动物试验和流行病学研究表明血浆磷脂转移蛋白可能是治疗动脉粥样硬化的新靶标。该文对磷脂转移蛋白的分子生物学、结构、生理功能、动物试验、流行病学研究以及磷脂转移蛋白抑制剂的研究进行综述。     

具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用的天然药物及其单体化合物

天然药物及其单体化合物的现代药理学评价,是现代中药研究和使中药走向世界的关键。本文基于当前动脉粥样硬化基础研究的相关进展,综述了具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用于的天然药物及其单体化合物的现代药理学研究概况。     

苦杏仁苷的药理作用研究进展

苦杏仁苷为传统中药苦杏仁中的有效成分之一,广泛存在于蔷薇科植物的种子中。从抗动脉粥样硬化、抗肾间质纤维化、抗肺纤维化、抗高氧诱导肺损伤、免疫抑制、免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗炎以及抗溃疡9个方面概括苦杏仁苷的药理作用,以期为科技工作者对苦杏仁苷进一步的研究提供参考。     

Cordycepin Attenuates Neointimal Formation by Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species–Mediated Responses in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Rats

We determined the action mechanism of cordycepin, a major bioactive component of Cordyceps militaris, on responses of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) and on vascular disorders, especially neointimal formation. Cordycepin inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced RASMCs migration and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. However, pre-treatment with N^ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and 1,3-dipropyl-8-sulphophenylxanthine (DPSPX), an A₁/A₂ adenosine– receptor antagonist, abolished the inhibitory role of cordycepin. Cordycepin suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen–activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), but not that of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 in RASMCs stimulated by PDGF-BB. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), O₂^? and H₂O₂, induced by PDGF-BB was abolished by the treatment of cordycepin. Moreover, the sprout outgrowth of aortic rings by PDGF-BB was inhibited by cordycepin. In vivo neointimal formation evoked by balloon-injury was significantly attenuated by the administration of cordycepin. These results demonstrate that cordycepin may exert inhibitory effects on PDGF-BB–induced migration and proliferation via interfering with adenosine receptor–mediated NOS pathways, thus resulting in the attenuation of neointima formation. In conclusion, cordycepin may be a potent, promising anti-atherosclerosis agent.     

甲基莲心碱治疗心血管疾病的药理作用及其机制研究进展

甲基莲心碱是从睡莲科植物莲Nelumbo nucifera成熟种子的胚芽中提取出的一种双苄基异喹啉类生物碱,具有抗动脉粥样硬化、抗高血压、抗血栓、抗糖尿病血管病变和血管保护作用、抗心律失常等作用。心血管疾病是全球发病率和死亡率最高的一类疾病,包括心绞痛、高血压、高血脂、动脉粥样硬化。近年来,有研究表明甲基莲心碱对心血管疾病防治具有疗效好、副作用低的特点。对甲基莲心碱在心血管疾病中的药理作用及其机制进行综述,为甲基莲心碱的药物研发和临床应用提供参考。     

Discontinued drugs in 2008: endocrine and metabolic

This perspective summarizes key compounds from the endocrine and metabolic area that were discontinued during the calendar year 2008. This is a continuation in a series of perspectives of each of the editorial areas summarized by Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. The candidates covered in this summary were being developed for the treatment of diabetes, diabetic complications, anti-atherosclerosis and obesity.     

基于PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路调控巨噬细胞自噬探讨黄芪甲苷抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制

目的观察黄芪甲苷对磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路的调控,研究黄芪甲苷抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制。方法体外细胞实验中,将小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7随机分为5组,即对照组、黄芪甲苷组、康士得组、雷帕霉素组以及si RNA组。分别用黄芪甲苷含药血清、Akt抑制剂康士得、mTOR抑制剂雷帕霉素及mTOR-si RNA体外处理RAW264.7细胞48 h,透射电镜观察巨噬细胞自噬体的变化,免疫荧光法及Western blotting法检测微管相关蛋白LC3-II表达,实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)和Western blotting法检测Akt、mTOR及自噬相关蛋白Beclin 1的表达,ELISA检测RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、IL-10、IL-2和γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)水平。体内实验采用HE染色检测各组小鼠主动脉横截面病理损伤程度;q RT-PCR和Western blotting法分别检测小鼠主动脉组织中Akt、mTOR的mRNA和蛋白表达。结果体外实验结果显示,与对照组比较,黄芪甲苷含药血清组和各抑制剂组细胞透射电镜下观察到自噬体明显增多(P0.05),LC3-II和Beclin1蛋白的表达水平明显上调(P0.05),而Akt及mTOR的mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显减少(P0.05),巨噬细胞分泌的IL-10明显降低,而分泌的IFN-γ显著增加(P0.05)。小鼠主动脉HE染色结果显示,与模型组比较,黄芪甲苷组小鼠血管各层结构正常,排列整齐,局部有小灶性的钙化颗粒物沉积,病变轻、斑块小,泡沫细胞和脂质减少,弹力板基本完整,病变程度明显较轻,并较各抑制剂组轻。黄芪甲苷组小鼠主动脉组织Akt、mTOR的mRNA和蛋白表达均较低(P0.05)。结论黄芪甲苷抑制动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成机制与调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路、抑制炎症反应有关。     

Clinacanthus nutans attenuates atherosclerosis progression in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation

ContextAtherosclerosis predisposes individuals to adverse cardiovascular events. Clinacanthus nutans L. (Acanthaceae) is a traditional remedy used for diabetes and inflammatory conditions.ObjectivesTo investigate the anti-atherosclerotic activity of a C. nutans leaf methanol extract (CNME) in a type 2 diabetic (T2D) rat model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin.Materials and methodsSixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: non-diabetic fed a standard diet (C), C + CNME (500 mg/kg, orally), diabetic fed an HFD (DM), DM + CNME (500 mg/kg), and DM + Metformin (DM + Met; 300 mg/kg). Treatment with oral CNME and metformin was administered for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid profile, atherogenic index (AI), aortic tissue superoxide dismutase levels (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured. The rats’ aortas were stained for histological analysis and intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.ResultsThe CNME-treated diabetic rats had reduced serum total cholesterol (43.74%; p = 0.0031), triglycerides (80.91%; p = 0.0003), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (56.64%; p = 0.0008), AI (51.32%; p < 0.0001), MDA (60.74%; p = 0.0026), TNF-α (61.78%; p = 0.0002), and IMT (39.35%; p < 0.0001) compared to untreated diabetic rats. SOD level, however, increased (53.36%; p = 0.0326). These CNME effects were comparable to those in the metformin-treated diabetic rats.ConclusionsC. nutans possesses anti-atherosclerotic properties, which may be due to reductions in vascular tissue oxidative stress, inflammation, and serum AI. Continued studies on atherosclerotic animal models are suggested.     

泽泻调血脂活性成分及其药理和临床应用研究进展

泽泻是一味具有多种用途的中药,在中国已有很长的应用历史。早期的临床研究已初步证明泽泻提取物可能是良好的调血脂药物,现代药理学研究发现其可能具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用,已有的安全性评价实验发现泽泻提取物肝肾毒性小,适合长期用药。从已发表的泽泻有关调血脂药效的文献出发,对泽泻的作用机制、药效成分、药动学、临床疗效以及安全性进行综述。泽泻原萜烷三萜类成分泽泻醇A、泽泻醇A 24-乙酸酯等是其调血脂活性物质基础。