Probiotic-induced suppression of allergic sensitization and airway inflammation is associated with an increase of T regulatory-dependent mechanisms in a murine model of asthma

BACKGROUND: Microbial intestinal colonization in early in life is regarded to play a major role for the maturation of the immune system. Application of non-pathogenic probiotic bacteria during early infancy might protect from allergic disorders but underlying mechanisms have not been analysed so far. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study was to investigate the immune effects of oral application of probiotic bacteria on allergen-induced sensitization and development of airway inflammation and airway hyper-reactivity, cardinal features of bronchial asthma. METHODS: Newborn Balb/c mice received orally 10(9) CFU every second day either Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG or Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb-12) starting from birth for consecutive 8 weeks, during systemic sensitization (six intraperitoneal injections, days 29-40) and airway challenge (days 54-56) with ovalbumin. RESULTS: The administration of either Bb-12 or LGG suppressed all aspects of the asthmatic phenotype: airway reactivity, antigen-specific immunoglobulin E production and pulmonary eosinophilia (mean: 137 vs. 17 and 13 cellsx10(3)/mL, respectively). Antigen-specific recall proliferation by spleen cells and T-helper type 2 cytokine production (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) by mesenteric lymph node cells also showed significant reduction, while TGF production remained unchanged. Oral LGG administration particularly suppressed allergen-induced proliferative responses and was associated with an increase in numbers of TGF-beta-secreting CD4+/CD3+ T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (6.5, 16.7%) as well as nearly 2-fold up-regulation of Foxp3-expressing cells in peribronchial lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal application of probiotic bacteria inhibits subsequent allergic sensitization and airway disease in a murine model of asthma by induction of T regulatory cells associated with increased TGF-beta production.     

双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗对肺炎支原体肺炎腹泻患儿胃肠炎症的调节作用

目的观察双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗对肺炎支原体肺炎腹泻患儿胃肠炎症的调节作用。 方法将肺炎支原体肺炎伴腹泻的患儿106例均分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊治疗。比较两组疗效和肠道菌群失调发生率。比较两组胃肠激素、降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%)、嗜酸性粒细胞计数(EOS)水平。 结果观察组总有效率高于对照组(P＜0.05)。治疗后,两组胃肠激素和PCT、CRP、NEUT%、EOS较治疗前下降(P＜0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组肠道菌群失调发生率低于对照组(P＜0.05)。 结论双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗可减轻肺炎支原体并腹泻肺炎患儿炎症反应,调节胃肠激素,降低患儿肠道菌群失调的发生。     

双歧杆菌QJ 405和乳酸杆菌QJ 405的生物学特征及鉴定

目的：观察从健康核潜艇艇员正常粪便中分离出的双歧杆菌QJ405和乳酸杆菌QJ405的生物学特征,判定其是否符合益生菌要求。方法：分析细菌的形态学和生理生化特征。采用数值分类法（API20A）的化学分类法（气相色谱分析）进行种属鉴定。抗生素敏感试验采用ATB法。结果：两株菌分别鉴定为长双杆菌和唾液乳酸杆菌唾液亚种,两菌代谢发酵碳水化合物均可产生大量乙酸、乳酸,对多种抗生素表现敏感。结论：双歧杆菌QJ405和乳酸杆菌QJ405的来源和部分生物活性符合益生菌的要求。     

双歧杆菌及其细胞壁对荷瘤小鼠干扰素的体内诱导

目的：观察双歧杆菌及其细胞壁（Ｂ－ＣＷ）对干扰素（ＩＦＮ）诱导而发挥的抗肿瘤作用。方法：荷Ｓ１８０肿瘤小鼠经双歧杆菌及其细胞壁治疗后,收集腹腔巨噬细胞,采用细胞病变抑制法检测培养上清的ＩＮＦ活性;结果：双歧杆菌及其细胞壁均能提高荷瘤小鼠机体内ＩＦＮ的活性。结论：两者都能够通过增强机体的ＩＦＮ活性来发挥抗肿瘤作用     

Current recommendations for Helicobacter pylori therapies in a world of evolving resistance

Occurrence of resistance, especially to clarithromycin, renders the standard triple therapy used to cure Helicobacter pylori infection ineffective. This review presents the bacteriological and pharmacological basis for H. pylori therapy and the current recommendations. The third-line treatment must be based on clarithromycin susceptibility testing. If the bacteria are still susceptible, failure may come from problems of compliance, hyperacidity or high bacterial load which can be overcome. If the bacteria are resistant, different regimens must be considered, including bismuth and non-bismuth-based quadruple therapies (sequential or concomitant), as well as triple therapies where amoxicillin is administered several times a day to obtain an optimal concentration at the gastric mucosal level. The treatments are becoming more and more complex and ecologically unsatisfactory, waiting for new agents or vaccines.     

Metabolomics study on the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction in coronary heart disease based on LC-Q-TOF/MS and GC-MS analysis

The present study aims is to investigate the metabolic mechanism of Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction (XFZYD) in the treatment of blood-stasis syndrome in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). To that end, 30 CHD patients with Blood-Stasis Syndrome (BSS) and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled. LC-Q-TOF/MS analysis determined that in comparison between CHD with BSS patients (Group A) and healthy subjects (Group C), 59 significantly differential metabolites in the positive mode and 18 significantly differential metabolites in the negative mode. The metabolite constituents in the plasma of 30 CHD with BSS patients before (group A) and after 30 days of treatment (Group B), and 20 healthy subjects (Group C) were analyzed using LC-Q-TOF/MS and GC-MS. Based on multivariate statistical analysis (PCA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA), we determined 69 differential metabolites. The levels of hemorheology indexes were significantly down-regulated after treatment. Metabolic pathway attribution analysis showed that lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and bile acid metabolism pathways are involved. Our study identifies the metabolic networks of CHD and demonstrates the efficacy of this metabolomics approach to systematically study the therapeutic effect of XFZYC on CHD.     

布拉酵母菌与双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗小儿轮状病毒性胃肠炎疗效比较

目的：比较布拉酵母菌散与双歧杆菌四联活菌片在治疗小儿轮状病毒性胃肠炎的临床疗效。方法选择2012年1月至2014年5月在第三军医大学西南医院儿科门诊及住院部就诊患儿,年龄在2个月至8岁的轮状病毒性胃肠炎患儿191例,按随机数字表法分为对照组（蒙脱石散及常规对症治疗,n＝62）、双歧杆菌四联活菌片组（常规治疗＋双歧杆菌四联活菌片,n＝64）、布拉酵母菌散组（常规治疗＋布拉酵母菌散,n＝65）,治疗第3天及第5天后比较各组的治疗效果。结果双歧杆菌四联活菌片组、布拉酵母菌散组的显效、有效和总有效率均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。而布拉酵母菌散组的显效和总有效率指标稍高于双歧杆菌四联活菌片组,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。双歧杆菌四联活菌片组、布拉酵母菌组在治疗第3天、第5天大便次数及腹泻持续时间均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。布拉酵母菌散组腹泻持续时间较双歧杆菌四联活菌片组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论布拉酵母菌散与双歧杆菌四联活菌片两种益生菌治疗儿童轮状病毒性胃肠炎的疗效相似,布拉酵母菌散较双歧杆菌四联活菌片可以缩短腹泻持续时间。     

含质子泵抑制剂的铋剂四联方案根除幽门螺杆菌的成本-效果分析

目的分析比较几种铋剂四联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌的经济性。方法选取2017年1月至2019年1月在我院接受幽门螺杆菌根除治疗的患者进行回顾性分析,并进行药物经济学评价。结果四组治疗方案的疗效比较差异无统计学意义。"艾司奥美拉唑(20 mg)+阿莫西林(1000 mg)+呋喃唑酮(100 mg)+枸橼酸铋钾(220 mg),bid,14 d"成本-效果比最低,优于其他方案。四组治疗方案的敏感性分析结果与成本-效果分析结果一致。结论铋剂四联疗法可有效根除幽门螺杆菌,其中"艾司奥美拉唑(20 mg)+阿莫西林(1000 mg)+呋喃唑酮(100 mg)+枸橼酸铋钾(220 mg),bid,14 d"治疗效果较好,且具有更高的药物经济性。     

Hepatitis C virus infection treatment: An era of game changer direct acting antivirals and novel treatment strategies

Abstract

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and associated liver diseases represent a major health care burden all over the world. The current standard of care, i.e. peginterferon-alfa (PEG-IFNα) plus ribavirin (RBV) are associated with frequent and sometimes serious adverse effects and contraindications, which further limit their therapeutic efficacy. The approval of first and second generation HCV protease inhibitors represents a major breakthrough in the development of novel direct acting antivirals (DAAs) against different HCV genotypes and establishes a new standard of care for chronically infected HCV genotypes 1 patients. Similarly, next generation protease inhibitors and HCV RNA polymerase inhibitors have shown better pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in terms of broader HCV genotypes coverage, better safety profile, fewer drug interactions and possible once daily administration than first generation direct acting antivirals. The testing of adenovirus-based vector vaccines, which escalates the innate and acquired immune responses against the most conserved regions of the HCV genome in chimpanzees and humans, may be a promising therapeutic approach against HCV infection in coming future. This review article presents up-to-date knowledge and recent developments in HCV therapeutics, insights the shortcomings of current HCV therapies and key lessons from the therapeutic potential of improved anti-HCV treatment strategies.     

中西医结合治疗幽门螺杆菌感染相关性消化性溃疡疗效分析

目的:观察并分析中西医结合治疗幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter Pylori,HP)感染相关性消化性溃疡疗效;方法:将120例HP阳性的消化性溃疡的患者随机分为2组,每组各60例,对照组予三联疗法(雷贝拉唑肠溶片、左氧氟沙星分散片、阿莫西林胶囊)联合治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上联合中药治疗。观察2组患者治疗前后中医症候改善情况并于治疗后8 w检测2组患者的HP感染情况。结果:中西医结合治疗组HP根除率为83.3%,三联疗法对照组HP根除率为61.7%;中医症候改善情况中西医结合治疗组优于三联疗法组,中西医结合治疗组优于单纯三联疗法组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗幽门螺杆菌相关性消化性溃疡临床疗效好,值得推广。