Efficacy and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) created using covered stents of different diameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to make a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the stent diameter (8 mm vs. 10 mm) that conveys better safety and clinical efficacy for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).Materials and methodsFour databases were used to identify clinical trials published from inception until March 2020. Data were extracted to estimate and compare one-year and three-year overall survivals, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal rebleeding, and shunt dysfunction rates between patients with 8 mm covered stents and those with 10 mm covered stents.ResultsFive eligible studies were selected, which included 489 patients (316 men, 173 women). The 8 mm covered stent group had higher efficacy regarding one-year or three-year overall survival (odds ratio [OR], 2.88; P = 0.003) and (OR, 1.81; P = 0.04) and lower hepatic encephalopathy (OR, 0.69; P = 0.04) compared with 10 mm covered stent group. There were no significant differences in variceal rebleeding rate (OR 0.80; P = 0.67). However, shunt dysfunction was lower in 10 mm covered stent group (OR, 2.26; P = 0.003).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the use of 8 mm covered stents should be preferred to that of 10 mm covered stents for TIPS placement when portal pressure is frequently monitored.     

下腔静脉加压法与Valsalva动作在提高卵圆孔未闭检出率中的对比研究

目的 探讨下腔静脉加压法与Valsalva动作在经食道超声心动图(Transesophageal echocardiography,TEE)对卵圆孔未闭(Patent foramen ovale,PFO)检出率中的差异。方法 回顾性分析手术证实的PFO患者114例,包括对比增强经颅多普勒超声(Contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler ultrasonography,c-TCD)少量右向左分流(Right-to-left shunt,RLS)(n=51)组、中量RLS(n=37)组、大量RLS(n=26)组,记录常规TEE超声、Valsalva动作配合下TEE检查、PFO封堵术前无痛TEE下下腔静脉加压检测,分析3组房间隔右向左一过性分流信号发生率的不同和其它临床因素在3组间的差异。结果 3组身体质量指数(Body mass index,BMI)、高血压病、高脂血症及冠心病的比例无明显差异(P>0.05); 大量RLS组患者年龄明显小于少量RLS及中量RLS组(P<0.05)。少量RLS及中量RLS组患者Valsalva动作和下腔静脉加压后较常规TEE下PFO的显示率均有提高(P<0.01); 大量RLS组患者Valsalva动作和下腔静脉加压后PFO显示率改变不明显(P>0.05)。结论 大量RLS患者较少量及中量RLS患者的年龄小,更容易早期出现临床症状; 下腔静脉加压法可以替代Valsalva动作提高TEE超声对PFO的检出率。     

Efficacy and Safety of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation for Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PurposeTo assess the critical role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the management of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), as the data with respect to the safety and outcome of TIPS in patients with BCS are scarce because of the rarity of the disease.Materials and MethodsA comprehensive search of literature of various databases from 2000 to October 2021 was conducted for studies evaluating the outcome of TIPS in patients with BCS. The primary outcomes of the analysis were technical and clinical success, adverse events and mortality associated with TIPS, dysfunction of TIPS, need for TIPS revision, need for liver transplantation (LT), and 1-year survival.ResultsA total of 33 studies (1,395 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled rates and 95% confidence intervals of various outcomes were 98.6% (97.6–99.7) for technical success, 90.3% (86.0–94.6) for clinical success, 10.0% (6.5–13.6) for major adverse events, 0.5% (0.2–1.0) for TIPS-related mortality, 11.6% (7.8–15.4) for post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy (HE), 40.1% (32.5–47.7) for TIPS dysfunction, 8.6% (4.9–12.4) for the need for TIPS revision, 4.5% (2.8–6.2) for the need for LT, and 94.6% (93.1–96.1) for 1-year survival. Publication bias was seen with all outcomes except for post-TIPS HE, TIPS dysfunction, and the need for LT.ConclusionsThe existing literature supports the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of TIPS in the treatment of BCS. Deciding the optimal timing of TIPS in BCS needs further studies.     

Clinical Outcomes and Patency after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Reduction for Overshunting Adverse Events

PurposeTo assess clinical outcomes and patency after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) reduction for overshunting adverse events.Materials and MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective observational study included 33 patients (male-to-female ratio, 20:13; mean age, 59 years; mean Model for End-Stage Liver Disease [MELD] score, 15) who underwent TIPS reduction between 2007 and 2020. Procedure indications included medically refractory hepatic encephalopathy (HE) (85%), post-TIPS hepatic insufficiency (HI) (12%), and heart failure (3%). The measured outcomes included improvement in HE (classified using the West Haven system) and HI, patency of reduced TIPS, and transplant-free survival (TFS).ResultsTIPS reductions were successfully performed using parallel stent (94%) or other (6%) techniques at a median of 120 days after TIPS creation (HE, median, 164 days; HI, median, 5 days). The portosystemic pressure gradient increased from a mean of 10 to 17 mm Hg (P < .001). The overall HE rate after TIPS reduction was 54%; HE was persistent, improved, and resolved in 21%, 32%, and 46% cases, respectively. In patients with HI, the MELD score increased from a mean of 22 before TIPS to 34 after TIPS (P = .061), but without improvement (0%) in HI after TIPS reduction (mean MELD score, 30; P = .266). Recurrent ascites occurred in 14% of the patients. The median shunt patency was 961 days (95% confidence interval, 476–1,447). The 30-day, 6-month, 1-year, and 3-year shunt patency rates were 92%, 81%, 74%, and 37%, respectively. The median TFS was not reached. The 30-day, 6-month, 1-year, and 3-year survival rates were 97%, 90%, 81%, and 60%, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough TIPS reduction may be an effective and durable approach to treat post-TIPS medically refractory HE, shunt reduction may not achieve meaningful benefit for HI.     

一种诊断脑室-腹腔分流装置梗阻的方法

目的 介绍一种诊断脑室腹腔分流装置梗阻的方法。方法 选择2014年8月至2018年3月收治的腹腔分流术后病人32例，其中分流装置梗阻16例（梗阻组），分流装置通畅16例（对照组）。病人先平躺1 h后改坐位，将0.1 ml 5%葡萄糖溶液注射入贮液囊，20 min后抽0.1 ml，用生理盐水将其稀释1倍后应用血糖仪检测葡萄糖浓度。结果 对照组贮液囊内葡萄糖浓度[（6.6±1.6）mmol/L]较梗阻组[（31.9±2.8）mmol/L]明显下降（P<0.05）。梗阻组病人入院后均行脑室-腹腔分流管调整术，手术证实分流装置梗阻，术后病人颅内压增高症状消失，术后3 d复查头颅CT结果显示脑室体积较术前减小11例，无明显变化5例。结论 此方法可检测分流管内脑脊液的流动情况，为诊断分流装置梗阻提供一种新的方法。     

Pathology of valved venous homografts used as right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduits in congenital heart disease surgery

Objectives

Although valved venous homografts (VVHs) are used for establishing right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery continuity in some complex heart defects, the tissue changes that occur in situ have not been described. We review the gross and microscopic changes observed in explanted VVH conduits and their effects on functionality.

彩色多普勒超声对肝圆韧带架桥门-腔静脉分流术后桥血管通畅性的评价

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声对肝圆韧带架桥门-腔静脉分流术后桥血管通畅性的观察,进而对手术疗效进行评价。方法 肝圆韧带架桥门-腔静脉分流术后病人共43例 ,用二维超声及彩色多普勒分别于术后3、12及24个月观察桥血管通畅情况,依据桥血管不同的超声表现,分为桥血管通畅组和桥血管狭窄组两组。结果 术后3个月,有41例血管通畅,2例血管狭窄;术后12个月38例血管通畅,5例血管狭窄;术后24个月30例血管通畅,13例血管狭窄,随着时间的延长桥血管发生狭窄的概率增加,术后3个月与24个月比较,P<0.05。结论 术后彩色多普勒超声监测桥血管是评价手术效果的重要手段。     

Same-Day Repeat Hepatopulmonary Shunt Measurement during Planning Angiography for Hepatic Radioembolization

This report describes a technique for measuring lung shunt fraction (LSF) twice in a single session during planning arteriography for radioembolization using low and standard dose technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (^99mTc-MAA). A patient with a 16.0 cm hepatocellular carcinoma and LSF of 70% was treated with lenvatinib for 4 weeks. Planning arteriography with administration of 0.5 millicuries of ^99mTc-MAA was then performed. Arterial access was maintained while the LSF was calculated, which was persistently elevated at 54%. Embolization of arteriovenous shunts was performed during the same session and 5.0 millicuries of ^99mTc-MAA were administered. The repeat LSF was 29%. Successful radioembolization was subsequently performed.     

卡托普利对左向右分流先天性心脏病肺动脉高压患者的血液动力学影响观察

目的观察卡托普利对左向右分流先天性心脏病肺动脉高压患者的血液动力学影响。方法随机选取2018年5月～2019年5月我院左向右分流先天性心脏病患者30例,给予所有患者卡托普利治疗,治疗前、治疗后3～5 d分别采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪(麦瑞Resona 75型)对患者的血液动力学指标进行检测,然后统计分析30例患者治疗前后的血液动力学。结果 30例患者治疗后的PAMP、AMP、TSR均显著低于治疗前(P0.05)。30例患者中治疗后19例TPR/TSR上升,11例TPR/TSR下降。TPR/TSR上升患者治疗后的AMP、TSR、Qp/Qs均显著低于治疗前(P0.05),TPR/TSR、Qs均显著高于治疗前(P0.05);TPR/TSR下降患者治疗后的PAMP、AMP、PAMP/AMP、TPR、TPR/TSR均显著低于治疗前(P0.05),Qp/Qs显著高于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗前TPR/TSR上升患者的TPR/TSR显著低于TPR/TSR下降患者(P0.05),但二者的PAMP、AMP、PAMP/AMP、TPR、TSR、Qp、Qs、Qp/Qs之间的差异均不显著(P0.05)。结论卡托普利能够有效降低左向右分流先天性心脏病患者的肺动脉高压,但会提升患者的Qp/Qs。