TRH、EGF及地塞米松促进未成熟胎肺组织分化及表面活性物质合成的研究

目的 比较TRH、EGF与地塞米松对未成熟胎肺形态发育及表面活性物质水平的影响。方法 在兔妊娠第22－24d或第24－26d分别用TRH、EGF或地塞米松母体静脉注射治病，通过光镜、图像分析及电镜等技术观察胎肺的形态结构，并检测胎肺的磷脂水平。结果 光镜下，TRH、EGF与地塞米松治疗组第25d及27d胎肺肺泡腔、肺泡间隔发育均明显好于对照组；EGF、TRH与地塞米松治疗组第27d胎肺的肺泡腔与肺泡间隔的面积比无明显差异。但EGF和TRH治疗组第25d胎肺的肺泡腔与肺泡间隔之比明显小于地塞米松治疗组。电镜下，三个治疗组第27d胎肺内含有板层体的Ⅱ型上皮细胞数量明显多于对照组，但各治疗组及对照组第25d的胎肺Ⅱ型上皮细胞胞浆内几乎未见明显板层体，相反胞浆内糖原含量却非常丰富。此外，三个治疗组27d胎肺的磷脂水平均明显高于对照组。结论 EGF、TRH及地塞米松在兔妊娠第24－26d母体治疗均能促进胎肺的形态发育和表面活性物质的合成，三种治疗方法对胎肺的影响程序无明显不同；在妊娠第22－24d治疗，地塞米松对胎肺形态结构的促进作用较EGF和TRH更明显，但三者对Ⅱ型上皮细胞分化及表面活性物质的合成均无明显影响。     

用液晶开关实现RDS立体成像的方法学研究

本文报道以ＲＤＳ立体图作为检测图形，用液晶开关实现其三维立体显示的一些探索性研究，用液晶开关眼镜作为立体图的同步分离部件。使得本系统建立于继时法成像的基础上，因而消除了“红绿竞争”等影响检出精度的因素；系统采用帧频作为同步切换的总控信号，使ＣＲＴ的视页切换与液晶眼镜开关同步，为此而开发出的显示寄存器编程技术解决了ＣＲＴ视页切换的超高速要求。     

油酸肺损伤所致RDS对心肌超微结构的影响

目的：观察油酸肺损伤所致呼吸窘迫综合征（ＲＤＳ）时心肌超微结构的改变。方法：用油酸（ＯＡ）０．１ｍｌ／ｋｇ体重静脉缓慢注入复制家兔ＲＤＳ模型,取心肌做超薄切片,用透射电镜观察。结果：在注入油酸６０ｍｉｎ后,心肌细胞水肿,基质密度降低,肌原纤维有破坏,肌丝断裂,线粒体大部分固缩,嵴模糊不清,内质网扩张,核异染色质减少,随着注入油酸时间的延长,以上病理改变逐渐增重。结论：油酸肺损伤所致ＲＤＳ对心肌有严     

Neurogenetics and Clinical Evidence for the Putative Activation of the Brain Reward Circuitry by a Neuroadaptagen: Proposing an Addiction Candidate Gene Panel Map

Abstract

This document presents evidence supporting the role of the KB220/KB220Z neuroadaptagens consisting of amino-acid neurotransmitter precursors and enkephalinase-catecholamine–methyl-transferase (COMT) inhibition therapy called Neuroadaptagen Amino Acid Therapy (NAAT) in brain reward function. It is becoming increasingly clear that this novel formulation is the first neuroadaptagen known to activate the brain reward circuitry. Ongoing research repeatedly confirms the numerous clinical effects that ultimately result in significant benefits for victims having genetic antecedents for all addictive, compulsive and impulsive behaviors. These behaviors are correctly classified under the rubric of “Reward Deficiency Syndrome” (RDS). We are proposing a novel addiction candidate gene map. We present preliminary findings in the United States using qEGG and in China using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) regarding the effects of oral NAAT on the activation of brain reward circuitry in victims of SUD. In unpublished data utilizing an fMRI 2X2 design at resting state, NAAT in comparison to placebo shows activation of the caudate brain region and potentially a smoothing out of heroin-induced putamen (a site for emotionality) abnormal connectivity. Although awaiting final analysis, if confirmed by ongoing studies in China coupled with published qEEG results in America, showing an increase in alpha and low beta, NAAT may be shown to impact treatment outcomes.     

Risk factors associated with resistance to HIV testing among transwomen in Brazil

Transwomen are a high-risk population for HIV/AIDS worldwide. However, many transwomen do not test for HIV. This study aimed to identify factors associated with resistance to HIV testing among transwomen in Fortaleza/CE. A cross-sectional study was conducted between August and December 2008 with a sample of 304 transwomen recruited through respondent-driven sampling. Data analysis utilized Respondent-Driven Sampling Analysis Tool and SPSS 11.0. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses examined risk factors associated with resistance to HIV testing. Less than 18 years of age (OR?=?4.221; CI?=?2.419–7.364), sexual debut before 10 years of age (OR?=?6.760; CI?=?2.996–15.256), using illegal drugs during sex (OR?=?2.384; CI?=?1.310–4.339), experience of discrimination (OR?=?3.962; CI?=?1.540–10.195) and a belief that the test results were not confidential (OR?=?3.763; CI?=?2.118–6.688) are independently associated with resistance to testing. Intersectoral and targeted strategies aimed at encouraging the adoption of safer sexual behaviors and testing for HIV among transwomen are required.     

HIV Prevalence and Correlates of Unprotected Anal Intercourse Among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Jinan, China

China’s HIV epidemic may be shifting towards predominantly sexual transmission and emerging data point to potential increases in HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM). There is particular need to assess the extent of risk behavior among MSM outside of China’s most cosmopolitan cities. We conducted a respondent-driven sampling survey (N = 428) to measure HIV seroprevalence and risk behavior among MSM in Jinan, China, the provincial capital of Shandong. HIV prevalence was 0.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1–1.0). Unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in the last 6 months (reported by 61.4%) was associated with buying or selling sex to a man in the last 6 months, syphilis infection, multiple partners in the last month, low HIV knowledge and migrant status. No participant had previously tested for HIV. Risk for HIV transmission is widespread among MSM throughout China; basic prevention programs are urgently needed.     

Antenatal steroids at 37 weeks,does it reduce neonatal respiratory morbidity? A randomized trial

Objective: To assess the effect of prophylactic corticosteroids administration at 37 weeks before term elective cesarean section (CS) in reducing neonatal respiratory morbidity and admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods: This randomized trial was conducted focusing on women subjected to term elective CS. Women who were eligible for the study were divided into two groups. At 37 weeks' gestation; study group received two intramuscular doses of 12?mg dexamethasone 24?h apart, while the control group given the usual care without steroids. Outcome measures were adverse neonatal respiratory outcomes (respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)) and rates of admission to NICU.

Results: Neonates in the treatment group had lower overall incidence of respiratory distress morbidity 7.9% versus 23% when compared to the control group. The main morbidity was TTN (7% in study versus 19.6% in control group). There was significantly lower incidence of both mild and moderate degrees of respiratory distress in the study group (7 and 0.9%, respectively) compared to 17 and 5.3% in the control group. The most significant benefit of steroid administration was noted in those babies 37–37⁺⁶ weeks.

Conclusion: Antenatal administration of steroids at 37 weeks appears to be beneficial in reducing neonatal respiratory morbidity in women undergoing elective term CS.     

Compliance measurement in respiratory distress syndrome: the prediction of outcome

Dynamic compliance (Cdyn) measurements within the first three days of life predicted survival in 60 preterm infants suffering from respiratory distress syndrome. Cdyn was measured in 47 survivors at 2.3 +/- 1.4 days of life and in 13 nonsurvivors on 2.7 +/- 1.7 days. All nonsurvivors died from respiratory failure within the first two weeks of life. Mean Cdyn of the survivors was 0.83 +/- 0.33 ml/cm H2O and of the nonsurvivors 0.35 +/- 0.19 ml/cm H2O (p less than 0.001). Cdyn values below 0.45 ml/cm H2O predicted 11 of 13 deaths in infants, and Cdyn measurements above this value predicted 45 of 47 survivals, with a specificity of 81% and a sensitivity of 89%. Eleven of the survivors, who subsequently developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), had a mean Cdyn of 0.56 +/- 0.23 ml/cm H2O. When these infants were matched with infants of comparable weight without evidence of BPD, the BPD group had a significantly lower Cdyn (p less than 0.05). Cdyn measurements during the first three days of life are useful in predicting outcome of respiratory failure secondary to respiratory distress syndrome.