红蓼果实化学成分的研究

 目的对红蓼果实的化学成分进行研究。方法采用硅胶柱色谱及聚酰胺柱色谱的方法进行分离，化合物的结构通过光谱解析及理化性质鉴定。结果从中分离到6个化合物，分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ)，3，5，7-三羟基色原酮(Ⅱ)，阿魏酸-对羟基苯乙醇酯(Ⅲ)，槲皮素(Ⅳ)，花旗松素(Ⅴ)，对香豆酸-对羟基苯乙醇酯(Ⅵ)。结论3，5，7-三羟基色原酮、阿魏酸-对羟基苯乙醇酯和对香豆酸-对羟基苯乙醇酯为首次从红蓼果实中分到。     

河套大黄非蒽醌类成分研究

从河套大黄干燥根与根茎的甲醇提取物中分得8个非蒽醌类成分。经化学和波谱方法，确定它们的结构分别为：β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol，Ⅰ）、土大黄苷元（rhapontigeni，Ⅱ）、没食子酸（gallicacid，Ⅲ）、3－（3’，5’-二羟基-反式-肉桂酰基）－5-羟基-△5－α-吡喃酮[3－（3’，5’－dihydroxyl－trans－cinnamoyl）－5－hydroxyl－△5’－α－pyranone，Ⅳ]、胡萝卜苷（daucosterol，Ⅴ）、piceatannol－3’－O-β-D-glucopyranoside（Ⅵ）、土大黄苷（rhaponticin，Ⅶ）和蔗糖（Ⅷ）。其中Ⅳ为一新化合物，命名为波叶素（rheumin）。Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅷ系首次从该植物中获得。     

山龙眼科至蓼科法定药用植物基源考证

目的 厘清由于分类系统和种分类等级的变化、种鉴定等原因引起的药材标准中法定药用植物基源混乱的情况。方法 查询我国国家和各省市自治区的相关药材标准及权威分类学著作，对植物基源存疑的种，从植物系统分类、分类群等级和种鉴定等各方面进行考证。结果 我国国家和地方标准收载的法定药用植物中，来源于恩格勒系统山龙眼科至蓼科的共有105种，其中基源鉴定清晰，分类无问题，中文名和拉丁学名无混淆的63种，基源存疑有5个科共42种，其中由于属名的异名充作正名而引起拉丁名混乱的1种，属分类系统变化而造成种混淆的5种，种等级分类群的鉴定、归并不同而造成混淆的11种，中文名混淆的25种，并对有混淆的种进行考订纠正。结论 檀香科、桑寄生科、马兜铃科、蛇菰科及蓼科法定药用植物基源有一定问题，经过研究考订，这些问题得以厘清解决。     

光茎大黄化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

 目的对光茎大黄根的化学成分进行研究。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、重结晶等方法进行分离,利用现代波谱技术(MS,¹H-NMR,¹³C-NMR)及理化性质进行结构鉴定。结果从该植物根中分离并鉴定了5个化合物,分别是:邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(Ⅰ),大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ),芦荟大黄素-3-(羟甲基)-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ),β-谷甾醇-3-O-β-D-(6′-十七碳酰基)葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ),山柰酚(Ⅴ)。结论该5个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Authentication of the family Polygonaceae in Chinese pharmacopoeia by DNA barcoding technique

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Medicinal plants belonging to the family Polygonaceae in Chinese pharmacopoeia possess important medicinal efficacy in traditional Chinese medicines.

Aim of the study

DNA barcodes are first used to discriminate the Polygonaceae in Chinese pharmacopoeia and their adulterants.

Materials and methods

DNA samples, extracted from thirty-eight specimens belonging to eighteen species in Polygonaceae, were used as templates. Eight candidate barcodes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Sequence analysis was accomplished by CodonCode Aligner V 2.06 and DNAman V 6. Species identification was performed using MEGA V 4.0.

Results

The amplification efficiency of six candidate DNA barcodes (rbcL, trnH-psbA, ndhJ, rpoB, rpoC1, accD) was 100%, while the efficiency of YCF5 and nrITS was 56% and 44%, respectively. The interspecific divergence was highest for the trnH-psbA (20.05%), followed by the nrITS (14.01%) across all species pairs, while intraspecific variation both within populations and between populations was absent (0.0%). The trnH-psbA can not only distinguish ten species of Polygonaceae in Chinese pharmacopoeia, but also recognize eight other species of Polygonaceae including their adulterants.

Conclusion

Our findings show that DNA barcoding is an efficient tool for identification of Polygonaceae in Chinese pharmacopoeia and their adulterants.     

头花蓼的化学成分Ⅱ

目的:研究头花蓼的化学成分。方法:采用反复硅胶、葡聚糖凝胶、反相硅胶及MCI凝胶柱色谱等方法分离纯化头花蓼的化学成分,根据理化性质和波谱数据进行化合物的结构鉴定。结果:由头花蓼全草的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了7个化合物,分别为二十四烷基-1,3-二醇(1),(24R)-cycloart-25-ene-3β,24-diol(2),大黄素(3),胡萝卜苷(4),1-O-丁基-β-D-吡喃甘露糖苷(5),2-O-丁基-β-D-呋喃果糖苷(6),2-O-丁基-α-D-呋喃果糖苷(7)。结论:化合物1,3,5,6为从头花蓼中首次分离得到。化合物2,7为从蓼科中首次分离得到。     

A recent review on phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of kesum (Polygonum minus Huds.)

Medicinal plants and herbal preparations are gaining renowned interest in scientific communities nowadays due to their reliable pharmacological actions and affordability to common people which makes them effective in control of various diseases. Polygonum minus (Polygonaceae) locally known as kesum is an aromatic plant commonly used in Malay delicacies. The plant is having potential applications due to its high volatile oil constituents in perfumes and powerful antioxidant activity. It has been used traditionally to treat various ailments including dandruff. The research has been carried out by various researchers using different in vitro and in vivo models for biological evaluations to support these claims. This review paper may help upcoming research activities on Polygonum minus by giving up to date information on the phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of kesum to a possible extent with relevant data.     

Antidiabetic stilbene and anthraquinone derivatives fromRheum undulatum

The antidiabetic-activity-guided fractionation and isolation of the 80% EtOH extracts obtained from cultivated Korean Rhubarb rhizomes (Rheum undulatum, Polygonaceae) led to the isolation and characterization of one stilbene, desoxyrhapontigenin (1) and two anthraquinones, emodin (2) and chrysophanol (3). Their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 inhibited postprandial hyperglycemia by 35.8, 29.5, 42.3%, respectively.     

Antiviral phenolics from Antenoron filiforme var. neofiliforme

Abstract

Two new phenolics, 1,3-di-O-p-coumaroyl-2′,6′-di-O-acetylsucrose (1) and quercetin 3-O-β-D-apiofuranoyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), along with nine known compounds (3–11), were isolated from the whole plants of Antenoron filiforme var. neofiliforme. Their chemical structures were characterized on the basis of various spectroscopic techniques. This is the first report of the isolation of phenylpropanoid sucrose (1, 3–4) from the genus Antenoron. The bioassay results showed that compound 11 exhibited antiviral activity against the Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3).     

唐古特大黄化学成分研究

目的 研究蓼科大黄属植物唐古特大黄Rheum tanguticum根的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶和凝胶柱色谱方法进行分离,经核磁和质谱等波谱分析方法鉴定化合物结构。结果 分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为大黄酚（1）、大黄素（2）、大黄素甲醚（3）、大黄酚-1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（4）、大黄酸（5）、芦荟大黄素8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（6）、大黄素8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（7）、林氏莲花掌素（8）、4-(4′-对羟基苯基)-2-丁酮-4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（9）、白黎芦醇4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（10）、白黎芦醇4′-O-β-D-(6″-O-没食子酰)-吡喃葡萄糖苷（11）、6-羟基酸模素-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（12）、表儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯（13）、儿茶素（14）、对羟基苯丙烯酸葡萄糖酯（15）、对羟基苯甲酸葡萄糖酯（16）。结论 化合物15、16为首次从唐古特大黄中分离得到。