Source imaging of seizure onset predicts surgical outcome in pediatric epilepsy

ObjectiveTo assess whether ictal electric source imaging (ESI) on low-density scalp EEG can approximate the seizure onset zone (SOZ) location and predict surgical outcome in children with refractory epilepsy undergoing surgery.MethodsWe examined 35 children with refractory epilepsy. We dichotomized surgical outcome into seizure- and non-seizure-free. We identified ictal onsets recorded with scalp and intracranial EEG and localized them using equivalent current dipoles and standardized low-resolution magnetic tomography (sLORETA). We estimated the localization accuracy of scalp EEG as distance of scalp dipoles from intracranial dipoles. We also calculated the distances of scalp dipoles from resection, as well as their resection percentage and compared between seizure-free and non-seizure-free patients. We built receiver operating characteristic curves to test whether resection percentage predicted outcome.ResultsResection distance was lower in seizure-free patients for both dipoles (p = 0.006) and sLORETA (p = 0.04). Resection percentage predicted outcome with a sensitivity of 57.1% (95% CI, 34–78.2%), a specificity of 85.7% (95% CI, 57.2–98.2%) and an accuracy of 68.6% (95% CI, 50.7–83.5%) (p = 0.01).ConclusionIctal ESI performed on low-density scalp EEG can delineate the SOZ and predict outcome.SignificanceSuch an application may increase the number of children who are referred for epilepsy surgery and improve their outcome.     

手术室细节护理管理在医院感染控制中的应用评价

目的探讨手术室细节护理管理在医院感染控制中的应用效果。方法选定2017年1月-2018年3月该院收诊的160例手术室患者,按照管理方法的不同分为观察组(细节护理管理)80例与对照组(传统护理管理)80例,比较两组手术室患者的护理质量、并发症发生率、感染发生率、护理满意度、收缩压。结果观察组护理管理后的护理安全(82.23±6.14)分、体征监测(93.46±6.23)分、体位协助(87.32±4.65)分、器械准备(91.57±6.21)分、文书记录(90.24±4.92)分、护理满意率(98.75%)均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组护理管理后的并发症发生率(2.50%)、感染发生率(1.25%)、收缩压(121.37±6.26)mmHg均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论细节护理管理方法可有效提高手术室患者的护理满意度,减少其感染情况,值得推广使用。     

手术室护理质量管理中PDCA循环法的应用分析

目的研究手术室护理服务工作采用PDCA循环法实施管理的临床价值。方法2016年1月—2019年1月间选择在该院手术室从事护理服务工作的护理人员48名为研究对象,根据工作管理模式的不同分成对照组(24名)和观察组(24名)。对照组实施常规手术室护理管理;观察组采用PDCA循环法模式对手术室护理工作进行管理。比较两组研究对象对工作管理模式的满意度、管理前后理论知识和操作技能考核评分、不良事件发生情况、管理计划实施总时间。结果观察组研究对象对工作管理模式的满意度达到95.8%,高于对照组的79.2%;管理前后理论知识和操作技能考核评分改善效果优于对照组;仅有1例不良事件发生,少于对照组的6例;管理计划实施总时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论手术室护理服务工作采用PDCA循环法实施管理,可减少不良事件的发生,大幅度改善理论知识和操作技能水平,缩短干预时间,使护理人员的满意度提高。     

护理安全风险管理防御机制在手术室护理管理中的应用

目的分析护理风险安全管理防御机制在手术室护理管理中的应用效果。方法将于2018年4月-2019年5月在该院接受手术治疗的50例患者作为该次实验的研究对象,将其分为对照组和观察组,每组随机分配25例患者,并给予对照组患者常规手术室护理管理方式,观察组与之不同,采用护理安全风险管理防御机制,对比两组患者在护理过程中的风险发生情况及护理人员对风险管理的认知程度评分。结果据该次实验来看,采用护理风险安全管理防御机制的观察组,出现1例记录差错,风险发生率为(4%),护理人员的风险管理认知评分为(25.39±0.48)分,风险意识评分(23.99±1.02)分,风险管理行为(24.17±1.26)分,风险管理态度(22.92±0.73)分;而采用常规手术室护理管理的对照组,出现2例记录差错,1例切口感染,1例投诉纠纷,风险发生率为(16%),护理人员的风险管理认知、风险意识、风险管理行为、风险管理态度评分分别为(16.85±0.28)分、(17.03±0.84)分、(16.52±0.74)分、(15.92±1.14)分。组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对需要接受手术治疗的患者采用护理风险安全管理防御机制可以有效提高护理安全性,降低风险发生率。     

精细化护理管理对开放性四肢骨折手术切口感染的影响分析

目的研究精细化护理管理对开放性四肢骨折手术切口感染的影响。方法选取2017年6月-2018年5月在该院手术室实施手术治疗的开放性四肢骨折患者102例,2017年6-12月的四肢骨折患者52例为观察组实施精细化护理管理,对照组2018年1-5月的四肢骨折患者50例,实施普通护理常规。对比两组患者、家属满意度及两组患者切口感染发生情况。结果患者切口感染发生率无论是浅部组织感染还是深部组织感染观察组均低于对照组,观察组52例患者中浅部组织感染2例,占3.85%,深部组织感染1例占1.92%,而对照组50例患者中浅部组织感染6例,占12.00%,深部组织感染3例占6.00%。而且观察组患者满意度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论护理风险管理用于开放性四肢骨折患者的切口感染预防中,明显降低切口感染的发生率,提高患者的满意度,值得推广。     

Effective vaccine management through social behavior change communication: Exploring solutions using a participatory action research approach in the Solomon Islands

Addressing vaccine management bottlenecks, including high vaccine wastage rates, has traditionally been addressed through health worker training and other didactic methods of technical assistance or support as required. It has been shown, though, that the high level of technical skills, expertise, and responsibility required in vaccine handling and management cannot be achieved by mere didactic learning. While gains have been made in vaccine management and handling with these approaches, there remain challenges of high vaccine wastage rates and poor vaccine management practices across the board. Interestingly, approaching vaccine management through social behavior change has not been documented. Through Participatory Action Research (PAR), which is increasingly being used in health sciences, we explore an attempt at strengthening vaccine management and thus reducing high vaccine wastage rates by working together with health workers to identify plausible, realistic solutions to vaccine management through social behavior change. Select health workers directly involved with the immunization program in the four major provinces of the Solomon Islands were identified purposively to use action media and come up with concepts and materials for social behavior change communication that will have an impact on effective vaccine management and reducing wastages. This is the first documented use of such methodology in addressing vaccine management issues.