神经生长因子和脑源性神经营养因子在脑胶质瘤内的表达

目的研究NGF(NeverGrowth Factor,神经生长因子)、BDNF(BrainDerivedNeurotrophicFactor,脑源性神经营养因子)在脑胶质瘤内的表达,探讨它们与肿瘤病理分级、实体肿瘤部位的关系,以及它们在肿瘤发生过程中的作用。方法通过免疫组织化学SP染色方法检测70例胶质瘤和5例正常脑组织中NGF和BDNF的表达。结果NGF和BDNF阳性细胞表达率明显高于正常脑组织内的表达,有统计学意义(P<0.05);在不同病理级别胶质瘤之间阳性细胞表达率也有差异,分别是:I级16.56%,11.24%;II级32.45%,18.23%;III级40.91%,21.44%;IV级24.71%,15.39%,正常脑组织内的表达率为7.06%,5.98%,且有统计学意义(P<0.05)。NGF和BDNF阳性细胞表达率在不同部位胶质瘤内各不相同,分别为:颞叶42.57%,24.19%;顶叶35.62%,20.09%;小脑28.67%,16.17%;额叶21.45%,12.42%,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论NGF和BDNF在脑胶质瘤内高表达;NGF和BDNF阳性细胞表达与胶质瘤的病理级别、肿瘤部位有关;NGF和BDNF可能参与了胶质瘤的发生。     

牛黄栀子配伍对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注不同时段神经生长因子（NGF）含量的影响

目的:通过检测牛黄、栀子配伍对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注不同时段神经生长因子(NGF)含量的影响,探讨治疗缺血性中风在该作用环节不同时段的作用特点,研究其配伍阻抑脑缺血级联反应的时序特征。方法:用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,观察牛黄、栀子及二者配伍对缺血再灌注24小时和72小时两个时段大鼠脑组织NGF含量的影,响。结果:缺血再灌注损伤可明显抑制脑组织NGF的表达,从而削弱了机体的自身保护机制;再灌注24小时,牛黄、栀子均可促进NGF的表达,而二者配伍后作用明显降低:再灌注72小时,牛黄的作用不显著,栀子可明显增强NGF的表达,二者配伍与栀子的作用相当,未显示出明显的配伍效应。结论:中药配伍的作用不是简单的效应累加,而是依据作用环节及作用时间的不同表现为不同的时空特征。     

Effect of CNTF on low-affinity NGF receptor expression by cultured neurons from different rat brain regions.

Our previous work indicated that in E14 embryonic rat spinal cord cultures ciliary neuronotrophic factor (CNTF) exerted (1) a survival-promoting effect on motor neurons and on a large population of unidentified neurons, and (2) a regulatory role on the expression of ChAT and low affinity NGF receptor (LNGFR) in a population of small/medium-sized neurons. In the present study, we examined the effect of CNTF on the expression of LNGFR in cultures of different regions from the E18 embryonic rat brain, namely cortex, septum, striatum, mesencephalon, hippocampus, brainstem, and cerebellum. The number of LNGFR-positive neurons (stained with the 192-IgG monoclonal antibody) was determined in untreated cultures and in cultures treated for 6 days (0-6) with human recombinant CNTF. To distinguish between effects on survival and on LNGFR expression, experiments were performed in which CNTF was administered only for the last 48 h of the culture (from days 4-6). LNGFR positive neurons were found in the cultures of all the regions examined. In each one of them, CNTF increased the number of LNGFR-positive neurons by three- to fourfold after 6 days of treatment. In the striatum, septum, mesencephalon, and cerebellum, the effect of CNTF was shown to be on the regulation of LNGFR expression and not on survival. In cultures from the cortex, hippocampus and brainstem, a survival-promoting role of CNTF could be demonstrated. The effect of CNTF was dose dependent, with half-maximal effects (ED50) achieved at 2-4.5 TU/ml for all the brain regions. Maximal effects were reached at 100-250 TU/ml. From these results, we conclude that (1) there exists a wide spectrum of CNTF-responsive neurons in the central nervous system, and (2) CNTF plays an important and widespread role in regulating the expression of the LNGFR in neurons.     

Altered genetic response to beta-adrenergic receptor activation in late passage C6 glioma cells.

Previous studies have demonstrated variability in the phenotype of rat C6 glioma cells. In the present study, we compared morphology, growth rate, and beta-adrenergic regulation of gene expression in early (P39-47) and late (P55-90) passage C6 cells. Morphological changes were observed in five independently derived, late passage populations. In four of the five, the untreated cells were more polygonal than the fibroblast-like parental cells, and only a small fraction exhibited process outgrowth after dbcAMP treatment. Untreated cells from the fifth late passage population had longer cytoplasmic processes than parental cells and responded to dbcAMP with further process outgrowth. All late passage populations had shorter generation times than the parental cells. In early passage cells, treatment with the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol (IPR), resulted in an increase in c-fos mRNA and a decrease in c-jun mRNA (Gu-bits RM, Yu H: J Neurosci Res, 30:625-630, 1991). Both of these immediate early gene responses were irreversibly lost between P50 and P55. Additional differences in basal or IPR-induced mRNA levels were observed for beta-APP, GFAP, NGF, and PPE, but not for a number of other mRNAs. These results are discussed in relationship to previously described differences in the ability of early and late passage C6 cells to accumulate cAMP (Mallorga P, et al.: Biochim Biophys Acta 678:221-229, 1981).     

骨髓基质干细胞和神经生长因子悬液移植对脊髓损伤修复的影响

目的研究骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)移植联用神经生长因子(NGF)对脊髓损伤修复的治疗作用。方法用改良Allen法制成SD大鼠脊髓损伤动物模型(共32只),1周后分别将DMEM、BMSCs、NGF和BMSCs NGF移植入脊髓损伤部位即制成四组(每组8只),移植1、2个月后分别采用神经核蛋白(NeuN)抗体、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)抗体和神经丝蛋白(NF)抗体进行免疫荧光染色观察移植的BMSCs的存活及分化情况、损伤部位神经纤维的再生情况。HE染色观察脊髓损伤处空洞面积的改变情况。同时采用BBB运动评分观察大鼠运动功能恢复情况。结果移植1、2个月后,部分移植细胞呈NeuN和GFAP阳性,同时实验组可见明显的神经纤维再生。脊髓损伤处的空洞面积明显减小,差异有显著性意义(P＜0．05),BBB评分结果比对照组均有明显增高,差异有显著性意义(P＜0．05)。在BMSCs NGF组上述改变更加显著。结论BMSCs可在脊髓损伤处分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞,BMSCs和NGF能够减小脊髓损伤处的空洞面积,促进受损轴突的再生和运动功能的恢复,两者联合应用在脊髓损伤修复治疗中具有协同作用。     

Expression of cannabinoid receptors and neurotrophins in human gliomas

Recent studies have shown an anti-tumour activity of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 in gliomas. This effect was mediated by neurotrophins in breast and prostate carcinoma, while in gliomas this relationship has not yet been considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, neurotrophin NGF and NT-3 and their receptors TrkA and TrkC in glioma and endothelial cells. The analysis was performed in 14 gliomas and 2 non-tumour brain specimens by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RTQ-PCR). Gliomas showed a weak immunoreactivity for CB1 and CB2 in tumour and in endothelial cells, and for NGF/TrkA mainly in tumour cells, while a moderate/diffuse immunoreactivity was found for NT-3/TrkC. CB2 was expressed on 3 out of 6 low-grade gliomas and in all high-grade gliomas. Non-tumour brain tissues were weakly positive in astrocytes and endothelium for CB1, CB2, NT-3 and TrkC and negative for NGF and TrkA. By RTQ-PCR, gliomas showed low mRNA levels of NGF/TrkA and moderate levels of CB1, NT-3 and TrkC. CB2 mRNA expression was low or absent. A potential role of cannabinoids, particularly of CB2 agonists devoid of psychotropic side effects, in glioma therapy could have a basis in glioblastomas, because they were all positive, though weakly, to CB2. The presence of neurotrophins and their receptors, mainly NT-3 and TrkC, suggests a possible role of these pathways in glioma growth/invasion, but further investigations are required to verify this hypothesis and a potential relationship between cannabinoids and neurotrophins.     

Expression of the beta-nerve growth factor gene in male sex organs of the mouse, rat, and guinea pig.

Steady-state nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA levels were estimated in male sex organs of the mouse, rat, and guinea pig by RNA blot hybridization analysis. The abundance of NGF mRNAs was in the order vas deferens greater than epididymis greater than or equal to seminal vesicles much greater than testis. NGF mRNA levels in these organs were compared with those estimated for other rat peripheral tissues and were found to correlate with the density of their sympathetic innervation, with the exception of guinea pig prostate. Castration had no significant effect on NGF mRNA levels in the guinea pig prostate, suggesting that NGF synthesis in this tissue is not under direct androgen control. NGF-like and proNGF-like immunoreactivities were localized by immunohistochemical techniques in the secretory cells of the glandular epithelium of the guinea pig prostate and in germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the mouse testis.