版纳藤黄化学成分的研究

目的:研究版纳藤黄Garcinia xipshuanbannaensis枝叶的化学成分.方法:利用正相硅胶、反相RP-18柱色谱及葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20等手段进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构.结果:分离鉴定了15个化合物,分别为bannaxanthone E(1),大叶藤黄醇(xanthochymol,2),异大叶藤黄醇(isoxanthochymol,3),环大叶藤黄醇(cycloxanthochymol,4),osajaxanthone(5),gentisein(6),mangostinone(7),山柰酚(8),槲皮素(9),牡荆素(10),2"-O-acetylvitexin(11),3-乙酰齐墩果酸(12),(-)-表儿茶素[(-)-epicatechin,13],β-谷甾醇(14),胡萝卜苷(15).结论:化合物4～9,11～13为首次从该种植物分离得到,化合物11～13为首次从该属植物分离得到.     

Anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract and two biflavonoids from Garcinia gardneriana leaves in mouse paw oedema

Garcinia gardneriana (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae) is widely distributed in Brazil and used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, pain, and urinary tract and other infections. However, very few studies have analyzed these therapeutic effects. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts from Garcinia gardneriana (HEGG) and some of its isolated biflavonoids were evaluated. The results showed that HEGG from the leaves, bark and seeds reduced carrageenan-induced mouse paw inflammation, in addition to diminishing the myeloperoxidase activity in the stimulated tissues. The reduction of neutrophil infiltration by treatment with the HEGG from leaves was confirmed by histology. The leaf extract also reduced the paw oedema evoked by bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandin E2 and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate. However, it partially decreased substance P and compound 48/80-caused paw oedema, without any influence on the arachidonic acid-induced oedema. Both of the isolated compounds, fukugetin and GB-2a, prevented the carrageenan-induced paw oedema. In conclusion, this study showed important anti-inflammatory effects of HEGG through its interaction with different intracellular signaling pathways, without interfering with the formation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites. These characteristics, in addition to the wide distribution and culturing ease of the plant, confirm its popular use and highlight its promise in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.     

Risks Associated with the Use of Garcinia as a Nutritional Complement to Lose Weight

Nowadays, obesity is one of the great nutritional problems facing public health. The prevalence of this pathology has increased in a worrying way over recent years, currently reaching epidemic proportions. In this context, nutritional supplements are presented as a therapeutic alternative to which more and more people are turning to. Nutritional supplements to lose weight based on the Garcinia plant, specifically on Garcinia cambogia, are commonly used. The active principle of this plant to which these properties have been attributed, is hydroxycitric acid (HCA). The aim of the present review is to gather reported data concerning the effectiveness of nutritional supplements based on Garcinia extracts on weight loss and their possible negative effects. Contradictory results have been observed regarding the effectiveness of the supplements. While statistically significant weight loss was observed in some studies, no changes were found in others. Regarding safety, although Garcinia supplements have been revealed as safe in the vast majority of the studies carried out in animal models and humans, some cases of hepatotoxicity, serotonin toxicity and mania have been reported. In conclusion, the results suggest that Garcinia-based supplements could be effective in short-term weight loss, although the data are not conclusive. In addition, the safety of the complement should be further studied.     

藤黄中藤黄酸B的制备分离方法优选及结构确证

目的建立一种高效且重现性好的藤黄酸B的制备分离方法,并对分离产物进行结构确证。方法采用乙醇超声提取方式对藤黄药材进行初步提取,用中压制备色谱和高压制备色谱相结合的方式对藤黄乙醇提取物中藤黄酸B进行分离和纯化,并采用正交设计对提取和分离工艺进行优化。采用红外光谱、质谱、1 H-核磁共振谱、13C-核磁共振谱对分离得到的样品进行结构鉴定。结果优选的分离方法较其他方法简便且高效可控,分离得到的样品通过结构鉴定,确定为藤黄酸B且纯度可达到99%以上。结论所建立的藤黄酸B的提取分离方法具有高效、简便且重现性好的特点。同时,本研究提供了藤黄酸B相对完整的谱图信息,并确证了所分离藤黄酸B的结构。     

Antimalarial activity and toxicity of Garcinia mangostana Linn.

Objective:To investigate the antimalarial activity and toxicity of the crude ethanolic extract of its pericarp both in vitro and in vim.Methods:The antimalarial activity of Gareinja mangostana(G.mangostana)Linn.extract against 3D7 and Kl Plasmodium falciparum(P.falciparum)clone were assessed using SYBR green I-based assay.A 4-day suppressive test of Plasmodium berghei{P.berghei)infected mouse was performed to investigate in vivo antimalarial activity.Results:The in vitro antimalarial activity was seleclive(SI5?and classified as weak and good lo moderate activity against both 3D7 and K1 P.falciparum,clones with median IC_(50)(range)values of 11.12(10.94-11.29)and 7.54(6.80-7.68)μg/mL,respectively.The extract was considered nontoxic to mice.The maximum tolerated doses for acute and subacute toxicity in mice were 5 000and 2 000 mg/kg,respectively.Median(range)parasite density on day 4 of the negative control group(25%Tween-80),mice treated with 250,500,1000,and 2 000 mg/kg body weight of the extract,and 10 mg/kg body weight of chloroquine for 14 d were 12.8(12.2-13.7),11.4(9.49-13.8),11.6(9.9-12.5),11.7(10.6-12.8),10.9(9.4-11.6)and 0(0-0)%respectively.Parasite density on day 4in the control group treated with Tween-80 was higher than the groups treated with chloroquine and all dose levels of the extract.Conclusions:G.mangostana linn,showed weak antimalarial activity of the extract both in vitro and in vivo could be due to limitation of absorption of the active compounds.     

Effect of Garcinia cambogia supplement on obesity indices: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

ObjectiveSeveral trials have examined the effect of Garcinia cambogia supplement on the weight and body composition, but their results are conflicting. This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was designed to determine the effect of Garcinia cambogia supplement on the obesity indices in human randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsPubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane library, and Web of Science databases were searched up to 1^th January, 2020, to screen relevant trials. The mean changes in the weight, body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat mass (PFM), and waist circumference (WC) from the baseline were used to conduct the present dose response meta-analysis.ResultsIn the current study, eight trials (including 530 subjects) were included. Garcinia cambogia supplement significantly reduced the weight by -1.34 kg (95% CI: -2.62 to -0.07, P = 0.03), BMI by -0.99 kg/m² (95% CI: -1.48 to -0.49, P < 0.001), PFM by -0.42% (95% CI: -0.77 to -0.06, P = 0.02), and WC by -4.16 cm (95% CI: -7.83 to -0.49, P = 0.02) compared with the placebo group. Dose-response analysis revealed that there is a nonlinear association between Garcinia cambogia dosage and changes in the body weight (P_nonlinearity = 0.04) and BMI (P_nonlinearity < 0.001) not PFM (P_nonlinearity = 0.68). There was no publication bias among the studies.ConclusionOur results suggested that Garcinia cambogia supplement had a significant effect on the body weight, BMI, PFA, and WC as compared with the placebo.     

大叶藤黄中三个新酮类成分

为了研究大叶藤黄树皮中酮类成分，运用正相和反相硅胶柱色谱法对大叶藤黄树皮乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分离纯化，并用波谱技术鉴定化合物结构。共分离得到3个新酮类化合物，其结构分别鉴定为1,2,5-三羟基-6-甲氧基酮(1)，1,4,6-三羟基-5-甲氧基酮(2)，1,2,7-三羟基-4-(1,1-二甲基烯丙基)酮(3)。     

Impact of certain flavonoids on lipid profiles--potential action of Garcinia cambogia flavonoids

Flavonoids from Cocos nucifera, Myristica fragrance, Saraka asoka and Garcinia cambogia exerted hypolipidaemic activity in rats. Lipid lowering activity was maximum in rats administered flavonoids (10 mg/kg BW/day) from Garcinia cambogia. A dose response study revealed biphasic activity. Higher doses were less effective in reducing lipid levels in serum and tissues, although devoid of toxic effects.     

Garcinia mangostana L.: a phytochemical and pharmacological review

Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen, Clusiaceae) has a long history of use as a medical plant, mostly in Southeast Asia. This is a review of the phytochemistry and pharmacology of mangosteen. Traditionally mangosteen is famous for its antiinflammatory properties and is used in the treatment of skin infections and wounds. Other applications include the therapy of various conditions such as dysentery, different urinary disorders, cystitis and gonorrhoea. This review highlights the development of this botanical drug into a widely used nutraceutical. Products derived from G. mangostana are now distributed increasingly all over the world. This has given rise to a concomitant increase in research on the phytochemical constituents and biological activity of mangosteen. Central to the biological activity of the species are xanthones which are reviewed in detail. A comprehensive assessment of the biological activities of individual xanthones as well as extracts of G. mangostana is included. In addition, its potential in terms of developing novel drug leads is assessed. Products containing its fruits are now sold widely as ‘liquid botanical supplements’, but evidence for the health benefits of these products is still lacking. As shown here, a serious weakness in our knowledge is the lack of clinical data and it is not yet clear to what extent the findings about pharmacological activities are of potential clinical relevance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

热带植物山竹提取物在皮肤科领域应用的研究进展

山竹是一种常见的热带植物,是印尼、马来西亚和泰国等东南亚国家的传统药用植物,被当地人广泛用于治疗腹痛、腹泻、白血病、败血症等疾病,富含黄酮类、多酚、蛋白质和脂类。因其具有良好的抗氧化活性、抗菌、抗炎及抗过敏的功效,日益受到医药学界的重视,其提取物在国外已被产业化并应用于化妆品行业。现重点介绍目前国内外对山竹化学成分、抗氧化活性等多方面的最新研究进展。希望借此引起国内重视,加大对山竹诸多有效化学组分的研究,并充分结合临床,尽快用于治疗和预防相关疾病。