中华传统文化视角下疾病终末期患者尊严模型解析

目的:解析加拿大Chochinov疾病终末期患者尊严模型在中华文化情境下的适用性,并基于此对模型进行调适。方法:采用内容分析法,按照选定分析范围、抽取样本、确定分析单位和分析框架、资料分析四步完成。首先检索中、英文数据库中以中华文化背景下临终尊严为主题的文献,然后以尊严模型为框架对文献内容进行编码、归纳和分析。结果:尊严模型包含的多数主题符合我国临终患者的认知,如身体功能、医疗不确定性、死亡焦虑、隐私界限、照护要旨、他人负担、后事担忧等。但也出现了矛盾的主题,如忍受痛苦、自主性等,以及新的主题,包括家庭支持、病耻感和财务担忧。结论:加拿大版疾病终末期患者尊严模型并不完全符合中国文化,调适后的尊严模型更具我国文化特色,但仍需实证研究对模型进行验证。     

尊严疗法联合人生回顾干预对老年食管癌手术患者的影响

目的:探讨尊严疗法联合人生回顾干预对老年食管癌手术患者的影响。方法:将135例接受手术治疗的老年食管癌患者随机分为观察组67例和对照组68例,对照组给予尊严疗法进行干预,观察组在此基础上联合人生回顾干预,比较两组干预效果。结果:两组干预后汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分及自尊总分、各因子得分低于干预前(P<0.05),观察组干预后HAMA评分、HAMD评分及自尊总分、各因子得分低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组干预后生活质量评分、希望水平高于干预前(P<0.05),观察组干预后生活质量评分、希望水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:尊严疗法联合人生回顾干预在老年食管癌手术患者中应用效果较好,可显著改善患者希望水平、生活质量及负性情绪,提升患者尊严水平。     

尊重人格尊严 保障医务人员的权利

分析了医务人员人格权的内涵以及损害医务人员人格尊严和人身安全的各种表现，并从加强医院管理、提高医务人员自身素质、增强患者对医务义务人员的理解和信任以及营造有利于和谐医患关系的社会氛围几个方面提出了维护医务人员的人格尊严和人身安全的措施和途径。     

An analysis of the concept dignity

Dignity is a highly abstract, vague concept that is difficult to measure within the context of general nursing. Despite this, it is a central phenomenon to nursing and so it is crucial that health care workers have a clear depiction of dignity. This concept analysis uses the framework established by Walker and Avant [Walker, L.O., Avant, K.C., 1995. Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing, third ed., Appleton and Lange, Connecticut] in order to heighten knowledge and awareness of the concept dignity. This approach also ensures that the concept is not being used erroneously. Respect, autonomy, empowerment and communication have been identified within the literature as being the defining attributes of dignity. Within these, further attributes are defined, which explain the complex, ambiguous concept that it is. This concept analysis is important for areas where the maintenance of dignity may be unintentionally overlooked. This can be related to many Emergency Departments in various parts of the world, where patients are awaiting beds. This is prevalent and has been slowly worsening for more than a decade [Derlet, R.W., Richards, J.R., 2000. Overcrowding in the Nation's emergency departments: complex causes and disturbing effects. Annals of Emergency Medicine 35 (1), 63-68; Schneider, S., Zwemer, F., Doniger, A., Dick, R., Czapranski, T., Davis, E., 2001. Rochester, New York: A decade of emergency department overcrowding. Academic Emergency Medicine 8, 1044-1050; Nairn, S., 2003. The politics of beds. Accident and Emergency Nursing 11, 68-74]. Commonly patients are nursed in a corridor, which does not lend itself to upholding the dignity, privacy and confidentiality of those patients [Ball, J., Dixon, M., Dolan, B., Holt, L., Wilkinson, R., 2000. Why are we waiting? Emergency Nurse 8 (1), 173-180]. However, patients' dignity should be maintained at all times and health care workers need to recognise that they themselves need dignity in order to promote dignity in others.     

从“弃婴”事件谈职业操守与节制伦理

＂弃婴＂事件除了直接反映医院管理的缺位和漏洞外,从工作人员处置行径的更深层次上还要归结为当事人的职业道德问题。医疗行业的底线伦理——不伤害原则,既是医务工作者自律精神的基本要求,也是节制自我的伦理标准。     

家庭参与性尊严疗法在晚期原发性肝癌患者中的应用研究

目的 探讨家庭参与性尊严疗法在晚期原发性肝癌患者中的应用效果。方法 选取2018年10月—2020年3月笔者所在科室收治的晚期原发性肝癌患者共140例,按随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,各70例。对照组采取常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施家庭参与性尊严疗法干预,干预前及干预14天后采用尊严量表、焦虑抑郁自评量表、生命意义感量表对2组进行评估。结果 干预后观察组患者的尊严量表得分、焦虑和抑郁评分均明显低于对照组(t=19.560,P=0.001; t=3.270,P=0.001;t=3.171,P=0.020),生命意义感评分明显高于对照组(t=-4.961,P=0.001)。结论 家庭参与性尊严疗法的实施提升了晚期原发性肝癌患者的尊严水平,减轻了患者的负性情绪,提高其生命意义感,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

尊严死教育在ICU临终患者疗护中的应用

目的 探讨尊严死教育在ICU临终患者中应用的效果.方法 比较尊严死教育实施前后患者临终前治疗的选择,心肺复苏实施次数以及患者家属的满意度;并比较临终关怀治疗组和积极治疗组两组患者的死亡质量、临终前治疗的时间、治疗费用的差异.结果 对临终患者家属进行尊严死教育后,临终前选择积极治疗患者比例较前明显下降（P＜0.01）,选择临终关怀治疗的患者比例明显升高（P＜0.01）,临终患者平均心肺复苏次数减少（P＜0.01）,患者家属满意率无统计学差异（P=0.17）;和临终前积极治疗患者相比,选择临终治疗的患者临终前治疗时间缩短（P＜0.01）,治疗费用降低（P＜0.01）,死亡质量较高（P=0.01）.结论 在ICU临终患者的家属中开展尊严死教育能够让更多临终患者的家属选择临终关怀治疗,实现患者尊严死,减少无效治疗.