杜仲叶提取物所含四种主要成分体外抗非酒精性脂肪肝活性研究＊

目的 研究杜仲叶所含4种主要成分体外抗非酒精性脂肪肝（Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease，NAFLD）活性。方法 首先用UPLC-MS检测杜仲叶提取物中绿原酸、杜仲苷、京尼平苷酸、车叶草苷含量；以HepG2细胞为载体，建立NAFLD细胞模型，设正常组、模型组、绿原酸组、杜仲苷组、京尼平苷酸组、车叶草苷组；油红O染色检测细胞内脂质；微量法检测细胞内甘油三酯（Triglyceride，TG）、胆固醇（Total cholesterol，TC）、高密度脂蛋白（High-density lipoprotein cholesterol，HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol，LDL-C）含量；微量法检测细胞培养液中谷草转氨酶（Aspartate aminotransferase，AST）、谷丙转氨酶（Alanine aminotransferase，ALT）含量。结果 杜仲叶提取物主要含绿原酸、杜仲苷、京尼平苷酸和车叶草苷，其中京尼平苷酸的含量最高；杜仲叶提取物所含四种主要成分可明显降低细胞内TG、TC、LDL-C含量，其中京尼平苷酸效果最为显著；绿原酸、杜仲苷，京尼平苷酸可显著降低细胞培养液中AST、ALT含量，其中京尼平苷酸效果最好。结论 杜仲叶提取物所含四种主要成分可不同程度降低HepG2细胞内脂质含量，其中京尼平苷酸效果较好。     

Gaslighting in alleged assault ascertained as Munchausen syndrome transcending to malingering in highly counterintuitive self inflicted acid burns

A factitious disorder leading to the self-infliction of highly counter-intuitive burns was diagnosed in a middle-aged female. The injuries were otherwise alleged to have been sustained by assault inflicted upon her by an unknown person. The case was diagnosed by medico-legal interpretation of injuries, in spite of a highly deceptive and concocted history by the patient and her husband. The entity was unique in being associated with magnificent primary, secondary and tertiary gains. The exploitation of the morbid sequel to malinger by the patient, and the involvement of the husband for the prolongation of the illness of his wife for financial gains as gaslighting was highly unusual. The self-infliction of injuries over hands is seen in factitious disorder. However, a combination of a guarded self-immersion of the hands and feet in a corrosive by an illiterate female, followed by malingering to earn livelihood is unprecedented in factitious disorders. The delayed presentation which required amputation of all the limbs to save the life of the patient is a glaring highlight of this case.     

藏药细叶亚菊的质量标准研究＊

目的 建立细叶亚菊的质量标准，为其质量控制和合理开发利用提供科学参考。方法 采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层色谱法（TLC）对细叶亚菊进行定性分析；参照《中国药典》（2020年版）通则方法对细叶亚菊水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、水溶性浸出物进行含量检查；利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定细叶亚菊中绿原酸、异绿原酸A的含量。结果 确定了细叶亚菊的药材性状及显微特征。TLC鉴别显示，供试品（细叶亚菊药材）与对照品（绿原酸、异绿原酸A）在相应位置上均显示相同颜色的荧光斑点。13批细叶亚菊水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、浸出物的含量分别为8.55%-13.07%、6.81%-12.68%、1.11%-3.53%、8.41%-11.64%；绿原酸、异绿原酸A的含量范围分别为0.072%-0.440%、0.283%-1.324%（n=3）。结论 本研究建立的方法准确稳定，可为细叶亚菊的质量控制提供参考。暂规定细叶亚菊水分不得过12.0%，总灰分不得过10.0%，酸不溶性灰分不得过2.5%，水溶性浸出物不得少于8.0%，绿原酸不得少于0.2%，异绿原酸A不得少于0.6%。     

The role of urease in the acid stress response and fimbriae expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43

Background/purposeTwo urease operons were identified in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43, ure-1 and ure-2. This study investigates whether a differential regulation of the expression of ure-1 and ure-2 exists and how urease activity influences the acid stress response and expression of type 1 and type 3 fimbriae.MethodsThe ureA1 and ureA2 gene specific deletion mutants were constructed. Promoter activity was assessed using a LacZ reporter system. The sensitivity to acid stress was determined by assessing the survival after pH 2.5 treatment. The influence on type 1 and type 3 fimbriae expression was assessed using western blotting and mannose-sensitive yeast agglutination and biofilm formation assay, respectively.ResultsBacterial growth analysis in mM9-U or modified Stuart broth revealed that ure-1 was the principal urease system, and ure-2 had a negative effect on ure-1 activity. Deletion of the fur or nac gene had no apparent effect on the activity of P_ure1, P_ure2-1, and P_ure2-2. The P_ure2-2 activity was enhanced by deletion of the hns gene. ureA1 deletion increased acid stress sensitivity, whereas the deleting effect of ureA2 was notable without hns. Deletion of ureA1 or ureA2 significantly induced the expression of type 1 fimbriae but decreased MrkA production and biofilm formation.Conclusionure-1 is the primary expression system in K. pneumoniae CG43, while ure-2 is active in the absence of hns. Impairment of urease activity increases the sensitivity to acid stress, and the accumulation of urea induces the expression of type 1 fimbriae but represses type 3 fimbriae expression.     

难治性胃食管反流病临证研究

难治性胃食管反流病是临床疑难病,症状反复,缠绵难愈,治疗棘手。中医药治疗“反酸”“吞酸”证历久源远,充分挖掘古籍,深研病机,提炼治法,发挥中医药特色,对治疗本病意义深远。     

深圳地区HBV核酸检测反应性献血者两种归队模式风险评估研究

目的评估HBV核酸检测反应性献血者归队风险,为采供血机构制定献血者归队策略提供依据。方法对ELISA双试剂无反应性、HBV核酸检测反应性献血者进行跟踪检测。每次间隔3个月以上,两次直接静脉采样。归队后再跟踪两次以上献血检测结果。两家血站分别按无门槛自愿原则与增加献血10次以上要求进行采样,并对两种模式归队结果进行比对。结果无门槛自愿归队模式归队前检测3例酶免检测阴转阳(15.79%);增加献血次数门槛归队模式归队成功率88.46%;两种归队模式成功归队后再次出现不合格情况分别为20.00%、13.04%,统计无差异,但归队后人均年献血次数有较大差别。结论酶免检测无反应性而HBV核酸检测反应性被屏蔽献血者无门槛归队模式存在窗口期感染风险。建议将多次献血或固定献血、首次出现酶免检测无反应性而HBV核酸检测反应性被屏蔽的献血者列入归队目标人群。仅以HBsAg+HBV DNA作为HBV核酸检测反应性献血者的归队评价指标存在较大风险,应考虑增加化学发光法等补充试验。     

Inhibitory Role of Gamma-Aminobutyric Receptors in Paraventricular Nucleus on Ejaculatory Responses in Rats

BackgroundAlthough abnormal sympathetic nerve system (SNS) activity has been demonstrated in the pathogenesis of ejaculation disorders, few data are available on its underlying mechanism.AimTo investigate whether differences in ejaculatory behavior of rats were associated with the state of SNS activity and gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) receptor expressions in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and the effects of GABA receptors in the PVN on ejaculatory behavior.MethodsBased on ejaculatory performance, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into “sluggish,” “normal,” and “rapid” ejaculators. PVN microinjection was performed to evaluate the role of GABA receptors on sexual behavior.OutcomesThe outcomes include differences in expression and distribution of GABA receptors and norepinephrine level among the 3 groups and changes in copulation behavior parameters after PVN microinjection.ResultsCompared with “normal” rats, the “rapid” group ejaculated more times with shorter latency (P < .001, P < .001) and had lower expression and distribution of both GABA-A and GABA-B receptors, while the opposed results appeared in the “sluggish” group. The norepinephrine level was successively increased among “sluggish,” “normal,” and “rapid” rats (P < .001) and correlated with ejaculation frequency (r = 0.896, P < .001) and ejaculation latency (r = −0.835, P < .001). In addition, bilateral microinjection of the GABA-A and GABA-B receptor agonist (isoguvacine and baclofen) into the PVN both significantly prolonged the intromission latency and inhibited ejaculation, which could be blocked by antagonist gabazine and CGP-35348, respectively. Vigabatrin, the GABA-transaminase inhibitor, caused a significantly reduced ejaculation frequency and extended ejaculation latency in rats, which could be offset by simultaneous injections of gabazine and CGP-35348.Clinical ImplicationsOur findings provide new understanding about GABA receptors in the PVN on sexual behavior and enhance the comprehension of neurobiological mechanisms involved in premature ejaculation.Strengths & LimitationsOur results have indicated that GABA receptors in the PVN may inhibit ejaculation through restraining the activity of SNS. However, our study did not analyze the changes of GABA receptors in other brain areas, which needs further study.ConclusionEjaculation behaviors in male rats are associated with SNS activity and could be regulated by GABA receptors in the PVN, which may be of assistance in the treatment of ejaculation disorders in the future.Zhang QJ, Yang BB, Yang J, et al. Inhibitory Role of Gamma-Aminobutyric Receptors in Paraventricular Nucleus on Ejaculatory Responses in Rats. J Sex Med 2020;17:614–622.     

Preparation of Fe3O4@SW-MIL-101-NH2 for selective pre-concentration of chlorogenic acid metabolites in rat plasma,urine, and feces samples

An innovative sandwich-structural Fe-based metal-organic framework magnetic material (Fe₃O₄@SW-MIL-101-NH₂) was fabricated using a facile solvothermal method. The characteristic properties of the material were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements. Fe₃O₄@SW-MIL-101-NH₂ is associated with advantages, such as robust magnetic properties, high specific surface area, and satisfactory storage stability, as well as good selective recognition ability for chlorogenic acid (CA) and its metabolites via chelation, hydrogen bonding, and π-interaction. The results of the static adsorption experiment indicated that Fe₃O₄@SW-MIL-101-NH₂ possessed a high adsorption capacity toward CA and its isomers, cryptochlorogenic acid (CCA) and neochlorogenic acid (NCA), and the adsorption behaviors were fitted using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Then, a strategy using magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) was developed and successfully employed for the selective pre-concentration and rapid identification of CA metabolites in rat plasma, urine, and feces samples. This work presents a prospective strategy for the synthesis of magnetic adsorbents and the high-efficiency pretreatment of CA metabolites.