头孢噻肟溶液稳定性研究

本文采用紫外分光光度法对 CTX 溶液的含量及稳定性进行了实验研究。结果表明:该方法简便可行,本品最大吸收峰在234nm(±1nm)处,CTX 溶液在 pH 3.7—8.0之间稳定,有效期为2.1天,与5%葡萄糖液、10%葡萄糖液、5%葡萄糖氯化钠液、林格氏液、0.9%NaCl 液配伍(25℃),在48小时内含量变化不大,可以联合应用。     

环丙沙星与氧氟沙星注射液治疗细菌性感染的疗效观察

以乳酸环丙沙星（ＣＰＬＸ）注射液和氧氟沙星（ＯＦＬＸ）注射液随机分组治疗各种细菌性感染４０例及４２例，并以注射用头孢噻肟钠（ＣＴＸ）治疗４９例作对照。三组平均年龄、体重、疗程及病情程度相比无显著性差异，具可比性。病种分布以消化道感染最多，共８１例，占总数的６１．８％。三组１３１例病人细菌阳性率为９４．７％。一疗程ＣＰＬＸ组、ＯＦＬＸ组、ＣＴＸ组治愈率分别为８７．２％、８３．３％、７１．４％，有效率     

抑白升血糖浆对化疗小鼠造血功能和免疫功能的影响

目的观察抑白升血糖浆(YBSX)对环磷酰胺(CTX)处理的小鼠造血功能和免疫功能的影响并确定其最佳给药方式。方法将YBSX按照单纯预防、单纯治疗和预防 治疗3种给药方式ig给药，常规方法计数小鼠白细胞数、血小板数、骨髓有核细胞数，测定脾脂数；鸡红细胞吞噬实验测定巨噬细胞(MФ)吞噬率和吞噬指数；ELISA法测定血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF—α)含量。结果YBSX对白细胞数、血小板数、骨髓有核细胞数、脾指数、巨噬细胞吞噬指数和TNF-α含量都有不同程度的改善。结论YBSX可改善受CTX抑制小鼠的造血功能和免疫功能，且预防加治疗给药效果最佳。     

Does Bone Resorption Stimulate Periosteal Expansion? A Cross‐Sectional Analysis of β‐C‐telopeptides of Type I Collagen (CTX), Genetic Markers of the RANKL Pathway,and Periosteal Circumference as Measured by pQCT

We hypothesized that bone resorption acts to increase bone strength through stimulation of periosteal expansion. Hence, we examined whether bone resorption, as reflected by serum β‐C‐telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX), is positively associated with periosteal circumference (PC), in contrast to inverse associations with parameters related to bone remodeling such as cortical bone mineral density (BMD_C). CTX and mid‐tibial peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans were available in 1130 adolescents (mean age 15.5 years) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, time of sampling, tanner stage, lean mass, fat mass, and height. CTX was positively related to PC (β = 0.19 [0.13, 0.24]) (coefficient = SD change per SD increase in CTX, 95% confidence interval)] but inversely associated with BMD_C (β = –0.46 [–0.52,–0.40]) and cortical thickness [β = –0.11 (–0.18, –0.03)]. CTX was positively related to bone strength as reflected by the strength‐strain index (SSI) (β = 0.09 [0.03, 0.14]). To examine the causal nature of this relationship, we then analyzed whether single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within key osteoclast regulatory genes, known to reduce areal/cortical BMD, conversely increase PC. Fifteen such genetic variants within or proximal to genes encoding receptor activator of NF‐κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were identified by literature search. Six of the 15 alleles that were inversely related to BMD were positively related to CTX (p < 0.05 cut‐off) (n = 2379). Subsequently, we performed a meta‐analysis of associations between these SNPs and PC in ALSPAC (n = 3382), Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) (n = 938), and the Young Finns Study (YFS) (n = 1558). Five of the 15 alleles that were inversely related to BMD were positively related to PC (p < 0.05 cut‐off). We conclude that despite having lower BMD, individuals with a genetic predisposition to higher bone resorption have greater bone size, suggesting that higher bone resorption is permissive for greater periosteal expansion. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.     

鸡血藤提取物对环磷酰胺致白细胞低下大鼠的影响

目的 利用环磷酰胺（CTX）致白细胞低下大鼠模型研究鸡血藤提取物的升白细胞作用，发现其升白细胞作用的有效部位。方法 采用CTX（100 mg/kg）单次sc的方法制备大鼠白细胞低下模型，给药后第7、9、11天采集大鼠的血液，测定白细胞总数及分类，并进行统计分析。结果 鸡血藤提取物A（50%乙醇提取，为总提取物）、B（50%乙醇提取-水洗脱）、C（50%乙醇提取-25%乙醇洗脱）组均未见明显升白细胞作用，而鸡血藤提取物D（50%乙醇提取-70%乙醇洗脱，总黄酮量大于55%）和阳性药利可君均具有明显的升白细胞作用，且鸡血藤提取物D的升白细胞作用具有量效关系，优于阳性药利可君。结论 鸡血藤提取物D可能是鸡血藤升白细胞作用的有效部位，推测其升白细胞作用的有效物质是总黄酮。     

Molecular characterization of CTX‐M‐15‐producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli reveals the spread of multidrug‐resistant ST131 (O25:H4) and ST964 (O102:H6) strains in Norway

Nationwide, CTX‐M‐producing clinical Escherichia coli isolates from the Norwegian ESBL study in 2003 (n=45) were characterized on strain and plasmid levels. Bla_CTX‐M allele typing, characterization of the genetic environment, phylogenetic groups, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), serotyping and multilocus sequence typing were performed. Plasmid analysis included S1‐nuclease‐PFGE, polymerase chain reaction‐based replicon typing, plasmid transfer and multidrug resistance profiling. Bla_CTX‐M‐15 (n=23; 51%) and bla_CTX‐M‐14 (n=11; 24%) were the major alleles of which 18 (78%) and 6 (55%), respectively, were linked to ISEcp1. Thirty‐two isolates were of phylogenetic groups B2 and D. Isolates were of 29 different XbaI‐PFGE‐types including six regional clusters. Twenty‐three different O:H serotypes were found, dominated by O25:H4 (n=9, 20%) and O102:H6 (n=9, 20%). Nineteen different STs were identified, where ST131 (n=9, 20%) and ST964 (n=7, 16%) were dominant. Bla_CTX‐M was found on ≥100 kb plasmids (39/45) of 10 different replicons dominated by IncFII (n=39, 87%), FIB (n=20, 44%) and FIA (n=19, 42%). Thirty‐nine isolates (87%) displayed co‐resistance to other classes of antibiotics. A transferable CTX‐M phenotype was observed in 9/14 isolates. This study reveals that the majority of CTX‐M‐15‐expressing strains in Norway are part of the global spread of multidrug‐resistant ST131 and ST‐complex 405, associated with ISEcp1 on transferrable IncFII plasmids.     

眼镜蛇毒细胞毒素CTX-d的分离纯化及抗肿瘤活性

目的 分离纯化眼镜蛇毒细胞毒素,测定其体内外抗癌作用.方法 应用柱层析及RP-HPLC,从眼镜蛇毒粗毒中分离纯化细胞素素(CTX).体内外抗癌作用利用噻唑兰(MTT)法及对荷瘤小鼠U14瘤的抑瘤作用.结果 分离纯化获得的CTX-d不混有PLA2,在体内外实验中显示明显的抗肿瘤作用.结论 结合阳离子交换层析和RP-HPLC可从眼镜蛇毒中高效分离获得不含PLA2的CTX.     

Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia: a report of five cases and evaluation of bone markers

In this study, we analyzed the changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover in five patients with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. The following bone markers were evaluated: among bone formation markers, total alkaline phosphatase (TAP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (bone Gla protein, BGP) and procollagen type I N propeptide (PINP); among bone resorption markers, serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (s-CTx), urinary hydroxyproline (HYP), and N-terminal and and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of collagen (NTx and - and -CTx). In addition, the /-CTx ratio was evaluated. TAP and BAP were the markers with the highest increase in both frequency and magnitude. Conversely, BGP values were low in all patients. Collagen-related markers were slightly increased in nearly half of the patients. Among them, PINP showed the highest proportion of increased values. The /-CTx ratio was within normal values in all patients. In conclusion, TAP and BAP seem to be the best bone markers in the diagnostic evaluation of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. In addition, their high values associated with low levels of BGP provide an even more reliable biochemical profile of this disorder, when associated with the classic mineral and skeletal homeostasis abnormalities.     

Effect of long-term transfusion on growth in children with sickle cell anemia: results of the STOP trial

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether long-term transfusion improves growth in children with sickle cell anemia. STUDY DESIGN: In the Stroke Prevention Trial for Sickle Cell Anemia Study, patients were randomized to receive long-term transfusion (CTX) or standard care (STC). Transfusions were administered every 3 to 5 weeks, and hemoglobin S levels were maintained at 30% pretransfusion for an average of 2 years. Serial height and weight measurements (obtained every 3 months), body mass index (BMI) values, and growth z-scores were analyzed. RESULTS: Children in the CTX (n=53) and STC (n=41) groups were similar at baseline. After 24 months, the z-scores for height, weight, and BMI of those receiving CTX had improved significantly, whereas no changes occurred in the STC group. Patients in the CTX group approached normal height-for-age and weight-for-age z-scores. Patients from a large historical control group had significantly lower weight and height growth velocities than patients in the CTX group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients in the Stroke Prevention Trial for Sickle Cell Anemia Study who received CTX had improved height and weight and BMI over a 2-year period. Higher hemoglobin levels resulting from transfusion may improve growth by lowering energy expenditure. In addition to the prevention of vasoocclusive events, CTX results in significant improvement in the growth of children with sickle cell disease.